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主旨大意之段落大意题
A
Do you know electricity can change the way we taste food？Proving this fact is a revolutionary electric fork designed by Japanese researchers that can make any dish taste salty.
According to Hiromi Nakamura，a Post Doc Research Fellow at Tokyo’s Meiji University，the technology can be very useful for people on special diets.Patients with high blood pressure，for instance，can easily go on a lowsalt diet and still enjoy delicious food.And with the fork，there’s absolutely no risk of oversalting their food.Luckily，the voltage(电压) is so small that there is no risk of electrocution(触电) either.
The idea of adding electricity to food was first exposed as an experiment at the Computer Human Interaction Conference in Austin，Texas，in 2021.Nakamura and her team connected a wire to a 9volt battery and passed it through a straw placed in a cup of sweet lemonade.Volunteers reported that the charged lemonade tasted “blander〞，because the electricity created the taste of salt.
Nakamura has improved the technology to be able to transfer an electric charge to food through forks and chopsticks.“The metallic part of the fork is one electrode(电极)，and the handle is the other，〞 Nakamura explained.“When you take a piece of food with the fork and put it in your mouth，you connect the circuit.When you remove the fork from your mouth，you disconnect the circuit.So it actually works as a switch.〞
Simon Klose，host of food program Munchies，who recently visited Nakamura to try out the fork himself，called this form of “food hacking〞 one of the greatest eating experiences he’d ever had.
“When I first heard of electric food，it sounded scary，〞 he said.He later continued to use a charged fork to eat pieces of fried chicken，and found that the saltiness considerably increased as the electricity was connected.
Nakamura has been eating “electric〞 food for the past three to four years in an attempt to understand it better.“For me，‘food hacking’ is about strengthening or weakening real food，〞 she said.“It may seem like we’re cooking but we’re actually working on the human senses.〞
1．The electric fork may benefit people who .
A．need to go on a diet
B．have high blood pressure
C．prefer food free of salt
D．show interest in tasty food
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Patients with high blood pressure，for instance，can easily go on a lowsalt diet and still enjoy delicious food.〞可知，患高血压人使用这一技术仍然可以享受盐分低而美味食物，这些食物属于安康食物。说明这一技术对患高血压人有益。故B正确。
2．Paragraph 4 mainly tells us .
A．how the electric fork works
B．what makes the circuit connected
C．how the technology was improved
D．why the electric fork was invented
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。阅读本段可知，本段主要介绍the electric fork工作原理。
3．From the passage，we learn that the electric fork .
A．creates virtual taste
B．changes people’s diets
C．helps cure diseases
D．replaces salt in cooking
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，实际上电击只是给人一种虚拟假味道，实际上食物还是原来味道。故A正确。
B
In anticipation(预料) of an extraordinary visit，the streets and buildings of Havana，Cuba，were cleaned and painted by dozens of workers.What was the occasion
For the first time in nearly 90 years，a sitting United States president was coming to Cuba，an island nation 90 miles south of Florida.On Sunday，President Barack Obama，joined by his family，stepped off Air Force One and onto a rainy runway，where Cuban dignitaries(高官) eagerly awaited him.“It’s wonderful to be here，〞 the president said.The last time a U．S.president came to Cuba was in 1928.It was President Calvin Coolidge，and he arrived on a battleship.Obama will be in Cuba through Tuesday.He is set to meet with Cuba’s president，Raul Castro，attend a state dinner and even take part in a baseball game.
The U．S.cut all ties with Cuba after Fidel Castro’s communist government took control of the island in 1959.In the years that followed，both countries’ opposing political views furthered the separation.Plans for social and economic change began after President Fidel Castro transferred power to his brother，Raul in 2021.Raul Castro then set a plan in motion to revive the country’s economy.
Since then，Cuba has been taking small，yet lasting steps toward change by removing a number of restrictions that had been set on its citizens，such as access to the Internet，the use of cellphones，and by allowing people to work at jobs not controlled by the government.Cuba，however，still has tough limits on media，public assembly and political opposition.
Obama hopes to share his vision for Cuba’s future during a speech he will deliver.Before the trip，Senior Advisor Ben Rhodes said the president hoped to use this visit as a way to “continue to create openings for great engagement between the American and Cuban people.〞
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了美国总统奥巴马访问古巴新闻，分析了这次访问前因后果以及深远影响。
4．What is stressed in the second paragraph
A．President Obama’s arrival on television.
B．Obama and Castro talk about human rights.
C．The first serving U．S.president to visit Cuba recently.
D．First lady Michelle Obama was later welcomed.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“For the first time in nearly 90 years，a sitting United States president was coming to Cuba，an island nation 90 miles south of Florida.〞可知奥巴马访问古巴是90年以来在职美国总统第一次访问古巴，这是有划时代意义一次访问。所以本段想强调也正是这一点。
5．What was the event showing Cuba’s change for the better
A．Fidel Castro rose to power.
B．Raul Castro came to power.
C．Calvin Coolidge arrived in Cuba.
D．The U．S.officials arrived in Cuba.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Plans for social and economic change began after President Fidel Castro transferred power to his brother，Raul in 2021.Raul Castro then set a plan in motion to revive the country’s economy.〞及第四段第一句可知，在2021年Fidel Castro把总统职位传给他弟弟Raul Castro以后，Raul Castro就进展了一系列社会和经济改革，使古巴情况逐渐好转。故B项正确。
6．According to Ben Rhodes，which is the purpose of Barack Obama’s visit to Cuba
A．To bring negative change for Cubans.
B．To carry out his vision for Cuba’s future.
C．To break silence and no communications.
D．To give Mr.Castro a list of political views.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一句“...the president hoped to use this visit as a way to ‘continue to create openings for great engagement between the American and Cuban people.’〞可知，奥巴马总统希望通过本次访问打破美国和古巴之间多年没有联系局面并进一步深入双方关系和联系。故C正确。
C
People are being tricked into Facebook with the promise of a fun，free service without realizing they’re paying for it by giving up loads of personal information.
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening.Even if they know what the company is up to，they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook because people don’t really know what their personal data is worth.
The biggest problem，however，is that the company keeps changing the rules.Early on，you keep everything private.That was the great thing about Facebook—you could create your own little private network.However，the company changed its privacy rules so that many things—your city，your photo，your friends’ names—were set，by default(默认) to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
According to Facebook’s vicepresident Elliot Schrage，the company is simply making changes to improve its service，and if people don’t share information，they have a “less satisfying experience〞．
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money.In original business model，which involved selling ads and putting them，at the side of the pages，totally tired.Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington.In April，Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy.He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social networking sites.“I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them，〞 Schrage admits.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy，it’s only the beginning，which is why I’m considering cancelling my account.Facebook is a handy site，but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t know.That’s too high a price to pay.
语篇解读 Facebook通过免费、有趣效劳吸引着众人，但为此人们付出了沉重代价——泄露了大量个人信息。
7．What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph
A．It is a website that sends messages to users who want to get married.
B．It earns money by putting on advertisements.
C．It makes money by selling its users’ personal data.
D．It provides loads of information to its users.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段“People are being tricked into Facebook with the promise of a fun，free service without realizing they’re paying for it by giving up loads of personal information.〞可知本段主要讲人们被Facebook一些幌子骗了，付出代价是出卖了自己个人信息。可知选C。
8．What does the author say about most Facebook users
A．They are unwilling to give up their personal information.
B．They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook.
C．They don’t identify themselves when using the website.
D．They care very little about their personal information.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“...without realizing they’re paying for it by giving up loads of personal information.〞和第二段中“Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening...people don’t really know what their personal data is worth.〞可知，大多数用户对个人信息泄露并不知情，他们不知道自己信息已被出卖，而使Facebook挣了钱。应选B。
9．Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage
A．To provide better service to its users.
B．To obey the Federal guidelines.
C．To improve its users’ connection.
D．To expand its business.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段“According to Facebook’s vicepresident Elliot Schrage，the company is simply making changes to improve its service，and if people don’t share information，they have a ‘less satisfying experience’．〞可知Elliot Schrage认为公司不断改变规则是为了提高用户体验，更好地为用户效劳。应选A。
10．Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account
A．He is dissatisfied with its present service.
B．He finds many of its users untrustworthy.
C．He doesn’t want his personal data badly used.
D．He is upset by its frequent rule changes.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy，it’s only the beginning，which is why I’m considering cancelling my account.Facebook is a handy site，but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t know.〞可知，作者决定注销Facebook账户是为了保护自己个人信息，防止个人信息被滥用。应选D。
D
Do the exercise 15 through 25.Give the different forms of the verbs on page 50 of your French workbook.Read page 12 through 20 of the Shakespeare play，and when you have finished that，don’t forget to fill the missing chemical symbols on the Periodic Table of Elements worksheet.
Homework is a major part of going to class，and it helps students grasp important concepts.Luckily，you can do a few things to make homework less painful.
First，be sure you understand the assignment.Write it down in your notebook or day planner if you need to，and don’t be afraid to ask questions about what is expected.It is much easier to take a minute to ask the teacher during or after class than to struggle to remember later at night!
Second，use any extra time you have in school to work on your homework.Many schools have study halls that are specifically designed to allow students to study or get homework done.It is attractive to hang out with friends during study periods or unscheduled time，but the more work you can get done in school，the less you will have to do at night.
Third，pace yourself.If you don’t finish your homework during school，think about how much you have left and what else is going on that day，and then budget your time.Most high school students have between 1 and 3 hours of homework a night.If it is a heavyhomework day and it seems like you have got an assignment on every subject but gym and lunch，you will need to devote more time to homework schedule，especially if you are involved in sports or activities or have an afterschool job.
语篇解读 家庭作业是学习中非常重要一局部，能够帮助学生学习很多重要概念。文章介绍了几种让做家庭作业更轻松建议。
11．The first paragraph is probably .
A．examination items
B．a list of homework
C．some teacher training tasks
D．some learning methods
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段“Do the exercise 15 through 25.Give the different forms of the verbs on page 50 of your French workbook.Read page 12 through 20 of the Shakespeare play...〞可以看出这是教师布置给学生作业清单。故B正确。
12．What is the author’s attitude towards homework’s effect on students
A．Opposing. B．Impatient.
C．Approving. D．Concerned.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Homework is a major part of going to class，and it helps students grasp important concepts.〞可知，作者认为作业是学习重要局部，能够帮助学生理解一些重要概念。说明作者对家庭作业持支持态度。故C正确。
13．One way to reduce your burden of homework at night is to .
A．take part in studying teams
B．appeal for teachers’ aid at any time
C．focus full attention on teachers’ lecture
D．make full use of the time at school
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中“...the more work you can get done in school，the less you will have to do at night.〞可知你在校完成作业越多，你晚上回家需要做就越少。故D项正确。
14．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage
A．Why Students Should Do Homework
B．How to Make Homework Less Work
C．It Is High Time Teachers Gave Less Homework
D．Who Is to Blame for Children’ s Poor Eyesight
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。本文第一段属于引导段落，引出第二段“Homework is a major part of going to class，and it helps students grasp important concepts.Luckily，you can do a few things to make homework less painful.〞接下来几段介绍了几种让家庭作业更轻松方法。故B正确。
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