八年级上册英语Unit78教案和讲义.doc

教 案
题目（教学章节或主题）：
八年级上册Unit7 – Unit8

教学重点、难点：八年级上册Unit7 – Unit8重点词汇，句型及语法
重要性：衔接八年级下册知识点，非常重要！
典型例题： 一、句型转换，根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词（含缩写）。
1. I need four potatoes. （对划线部分提问）
________ ________ potatoes do you need?
2. You must not drink coffee. （改为祈使句）
________ ________ coffee.
3. They have three bags of yogurt.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ yogurt do they have?
4. Gina likes lettuce in sandwiches.（改为一般疑问句）
________ Gina ________ lettuce in sandwiches?
5. We need some help. （改为否定句）
We ________ need ________ help.
二、按要求改写下列各句，每空一词。
1. I went to Hefei yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
________ you ______to Hefei yesterday?
2. The weather was very bad. (改为否定句)
The weather ________ ________ very bad.
3. The girls had a good time on the school trip.(改为同义句)
The girls ______ ______ on the school trip.
4. The science teacher cleaned the bus yesterday afternoon. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________the science teacher ________ yesterday afternoon?

总结：

本次教学评价：非常满意 ○ 较满意 ○ 一般 ○ 家长或学生签字 共 小时
本节课回访记录：

任课教师签字： 主任签字： 日期：
讲 义
教学内容：
八年级上册Unit4 – Unit6 考点归纳
考点1.有关交通工具的同义句：
1).take the train to … =go to …by train
take the bus to …= go to …by bus
2).fly to … = go to … by plane /air
walk to …. = go to …on foot
ride a bike to … = go to …. by bike
My uncle went to New York last week .
My uncle _____ _____ New York last week .
考点2.有关花费时间的句型：
1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth
2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ).
It took me half an hour to work it out .
I_____ half an hour ______ it out .
考点3.表示两地相距有多远：
A +be +距离 +from +B = It’s +距离+from A+ to B.
It is five minutes’ walk from my home to school. = It ______ me five minutes to _____to school .
考点4.leave ,leave for , leave … for …
1).leave +地点 “离开某地”
2).leave for +地点 “前往某地”=go to +某地
3).leave +某地+for +某地 “离开某地前往某地”
Mr wang are going to Beijing tomorrow .=
Mr wang are _____ ______ Beijing tomorrow.
考点5.all …not = not all “并非都” 部分否定
注：not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。
Not all birds can fly . = _____ birds can fly , some can’t .
考点6.the number of / a number of
1).a number of 许多 = a lot of /many ,
number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large /
small number of ….. 作主语时，谓语用复数。
2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。
A large number of tourists ______(come )to
Mountain Tai every year .
The number of the students in our class ____(be ) 60.
考点7.sick / ill
1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。
2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。
She was _______ because of hard work .
The _____ boy coughed terribly .
考点8.表示客气地请求某人干某事
1). Would you like to do sth ?
2).Could you please do sth ?
3).Will /Would you please do sth ?
4).Can you do sth ?
考点9.be busy
1). be busy with sth .忙于某事
2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事
3).be busy 的反义词组 be free / have time
I am busy tomorrow .= I _____ _____ = I ______ ______ time .
考点10.whole / all
1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后， all 位于限定词之前。
2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
He stayed at home all the afternoon .=
He stayed at home ______ _____ afternoon.
考点11.however / but
however “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。
He is very busy ,_____, he always helps me .
A. and B. / C. but D. however
考点12.most of / most
1).most of the +复数名词 “…..中的大多数”
2).most +复数名词 “大多数的…….”
_____ the students are clever .
______students are clever.
考点13.beat / win /lose
1).beat:打败 后面接打败的人或对象 beat sb
2).win:赢 后面接比赛的项目（race , game , match , prize …..）
3).lose:输 lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物
Their team beat ours = Their team ______ the match . = Our team ______ _____ theirs.
考点14.do you think 作为插入语
1).位置：放在疑问词之后
2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。
Do you think ? Who is the man over there ?=
_____ do you think the man _____ over there ?
考点15.常见的不可数名词：
weather work food news advice information fun music paper
______ weather! we are going to the park .
A. What a good B. What good C. How a good D. How good
考点16.afford
1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用
2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。
3).同义句：can’t afford to do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth .
The book is very expensive ,I can’t afford to buy it .= I don’t have _____ _____ to buy it .
考点17.listen to /hear /sound
1).listen to …仔细倾听 强调听的过程
2).hear … 听到、听见 强调听的结果
3).sound …. 系动词 “听起来…….” 后面接形容词 而sound like +名词
I _______ her but could ______ nothing .
It ______ interesting .
考点18.句型：not as ….as
1).not as… as 之间要用原级
2).同义句：A + not as/so…as +B=
A + 形容词的反义词的比较级 + than + B
= B + 形容词的比较级 + than +A
Tom is not as tall as I =
Tom is _____ ______ I.
I am ______ _____ Tom .
This book is not as expensive as that one .=
This book is ______ ______ than that one .
That book is ______ ______ than this book .
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?
一、重要词组
1. make a banana smoothie 制作香蕉混合饮料(思木西)
2. peel the bananas 剥香蕉
3. cut up the bananas切碎香蕉
4. pour the milk in the blender 将牛奶倒入搅拌器
5. turn on the blender 打开搅拌器电源
6. put the yogurt in the blender将酸奶放入搅拌器
7. turn off 关上,(turn on 打开)
turn up旋大（灯火等），开大（煤气等）调高（声音等），
turn down 把（灯火、电器等）关小一点
8. how much cinnamon多少肉桂
9. one teaspoon of cinnamon 一茶匙肉桂
10. make fruit salad 制作水果沙拉
11. two pieces of bread 两片面包
12. mix it all up 将它们混合在一起
14. turkey slices 火鸡肉片, a slice of bread一片面包
13. takes turns doing sth,
take turns to do sth.=do sth. in turns 轮流做某事
15. slices of duck 烤鸭片
16. roll pancake 卷上薄饼
17. make faces 作鬼脸
make friends with 与……交朋友
make a noise吵闹, make mistakes犯错误,
make the bed整理床铺
make one’s way to往…走去,
make room for给…腾出地方
18. it’s easy to do sth. 做某事容易
it’s hard (difficult) to do sth.做某事难，
It’s necessary to do sth.做某事必要
19. put sth, in order 将某些东西按顺序排列
20. a recipe for ……的烹调方法, ……的菜
二、重要句子
1. Tom peeled the apples, then Lily cut them up.
Tom削苹果，然后Lily把它们切碎。
2. Please don’t add salt to the popcorn.
请别往爆米花里加盐。
3. Please mix up two teaspoons of honey and two cups of yogurt.请把两勺蜂蜜与两杯酸奶搅拌均匀。
4. Don’t forget to pour the yogurt into the blender.
别忘了把酸奶倒进搅拌机里。
5. Do you know the amount of relish we need?
你知道我们需要的佐料的数量吗？
6. You should put more ingredients into the soup.
你应该往汤里多放些材料。
7. My father always puts the popper in a box.
我爸爸总是把爆米花机放在一个盒子里。
8. He likes to put a few slices of chicken（chicken slices） on the top of his sandwiches.
他喜欢在三明治的上面放鸡肉条。
9. Let’s make a recipe for a super hamburger.
我们来做个巨无霸的菜谱吧。
10. If she takes enough exercise, she will be athletic enough. 如果她运动够，她就会够强健。
三、课文重要知识点解析：Section A知识要点
1. cut v. 切，割。其过去式为cut, 过去分词为cut。
cut up 切碎, 剁碎。
Please cut up the vegetables into small pieces. 请把这些蔬菜切碎。
【注意】cup up是由动词加副词构成的短语，其后接名词做宾语时,名词可以放在cut up中间，也可以放其后, 但接代词宾格it/them时, 应放在cut up中间。
I gave him some carrots and he cut them up. 我给了他几个胡萝卜, 他把胡萝卜都切碎了。
典型例题：
—The banana is too big.
—You can ______ first.
A. cut up them B. cut them up C. cut it up D. cut up it
解析: 因为banana是单数，所以用代词it替代; 又因为cut up后接代词宾格做宾语时,代词应放在cut up中间。
2. pour v. 倒, 往…倒, 倾泻。
She poured some orange juice into my glass. 她往我的杯子里倒了些橘子汁。
Would you like to pour me a cup of coffee, please. 请给我倒一杯咖啡好吗?
The rain is pouring down. 天正在下倾盆大雨.
典型例题：
She p______ herself another cup of tea.
解析: 她又给自己倒了一杯茶 。
3. turn on 动词短语, 打开,开(电灯,电视，自来水，煤气等) 。反义词组是turn off关，关上;相关词组是turn up, 开大，调高; turn down, 关小，调低。
Please turn on the TV. 请把电视打开。
Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. 你离开教室时不要忘记关灯。
I can’t hear the music clearly. Please turn up the radio. 我听不清音乐声，请把收音机的声音调大点。
Would you like to turn down the recorder? 你能把录音机的声音调小一点吗?
典型例题：
It's dark (暗的) in the room. Please ______the light.
A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D. turn off
解析: 房间里太黑了，请把灯打开 。
4. How many bananas do we need?　我们需要多少个香蕉？
how many, 多少，针对可数名词提问；对不可数名词提问应用how much.
—How many students are there in your class?　你们班有多少人？
　—Forty-two. Twenty boys and twenty-two girls. 四十二人。二十个女生，二十二个男生。
—How many bottles of water do you drink every day in summer? 你夏天每天喝几瓶水？
　—Two.　两瓶。
—How much yogurt do we need? 　我们需要多少酸奶？
　—One cup.　一杯。
—How much money do you have in your pocket? 你口袋里有多少钱？
　—Ten yuan. 十元。
【拓展】how much还可以用来提问价格，表示多少价钱,相当于What is the price of …?
How much is the pen? 这支钢笔多少钱?
典型例题：
① ______ students are there in you class?
A. How much B. How many C. How D. How often
解析: students 是可数名词的复数, how many针对可数名词进行提问。
② —______ bread is there on the table?
—______.
A. How many, five B. How much, fifth C. How many, five pieces D. How much, five pieces
解析: bread是不可数名词,所以用how much来提问; 又因为我们不能用数词修饰不可数名词，只能用数词加量词来修饰不可数名词。
③—______ are the hamburgers?
—Ten yuan.
A. How much B. How many C. How far D. How often
解析: How much用来提问价格，表示多少价钱。这些汉堡多少钱? 10元。
Section B知识要点
1. amount n. 总数；总额；量；数额。amount用来修饰不可数名词，常用短语是a large amount of.
The amount of money is 2,000 dollars. 钱的总额是两千美元。
The boss has a large amount of money. 这个老板有一大笔钱。
典型例题：
______ food is wasted.
A. Many B. A large amount of C. Amount D. A large of
解析：大量的食物都被浪费掉了。a large amount of用来修饰不可数名词。
2. need v. 需要。做实义动词，可以直接带宾语，也可以与带to的不定式连用，可用于各种结构。
I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。
They didn’t need to go. 他们不必去。
The bike needs to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。
【拓展】need做情态动词。
need做情态动词表示“需要”,主要用于否定及疑问句中，没有时态与人称的变化。
—Need I come? 要我来吗？
—Yes, you must. 是，你得来。
—No, you needn’t. 不，你不必来。
典型例题：
He didn’t need ____________ (come) last night.
解析：他昨晚不必来。need在此句中为实义动词，其后接带to的不定式。
3. mix v. 混合；混在一起。常用短语mix up 搅匀；搅与；混淆；弄乱,其结构为动词加副词构成，后接名词或代词做宾语，名词可以放在中间或者后面，代词只能放中间。
You should mix up all the ingredients. 你要把所有的材料混合起来。
It’s too easy to mix him up with his brother. They look the same. 很容易把他与他的兄弟认错，他俩长的很像。
典型例题：
If you ______ blue and yellow, you will make green.
A. put B. mix C. get
解析：如果你把蓝色与黄色掺起来，你会得到绿色。
4. finally adv. 最后地；最终。其形容词为final。
I worked out the maths problem finally. 最终我算出了那道数学题。
Finally put the books away in the cupboard. 最后把书收拾起来放到橱子里。
We are getting ready for the final exam. 我们正在为期末考试做准备。
典型例题：
They ____________ (final) realized that the whole thing was a joke.
解析：副词修饰动词。他们终于意识到整个事情是场玩笑。
5. bread n. 面包 不可数名词，不与a、an等冠词及数词连用; 可以用数词与量词构成的短语来修饰。
—How much bread do you need? 你要多少面包？
—Two slices, please. 请给我两片。
【拓展】可数名词与不可数名词
名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称，有可数名词与不可数名词之分。
① 可数名词有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个，可以直接用数词来修饰。
　a book 一本书 two books 两本书
② 不可数名词：不分单,复数；抽象名词, 物质名词与专有名词一般是不可数名词。
　sand 沙 sugar 糖
不可数名词一般没有复数形式，但是可以用一些量词来表示不可数名词的数量。
　(1)表不定数量时，一般用much，(a)1ittle，a lot of／lots of，some，any等词修饰。
　much money, a little bread，a lot of ice cream，some juice
　(2)表确定数量时，一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词；变复数时可以把前面的量词变成复数。
　a bottle of milk，a glass of water，a can of beer，a piece of paper
　two bottles of milk，two pieces of paper，two glasses of water
典型例题：
Of all the vegetables, I like ______ best.
A. potatoes B. eggs C. milk D. apples
【练一练】单项选择
( ) 16. —Please come _____ the room. It’s raining hard outside.
—Thank you.
A. over B. out C. into D. on
( ) 17. Yang Jie wants to be a singer. She thinks it’s an interesting _____.
A. work B. job C. works D. jobs
( ) 18. Bring some butter and put _____ over the bread.
A. it B. them C. these D. they
( ) 19. You must _____ the bananas before eating them.
A. pour B. put C. peel D. cut
( ) 20. I want to watch TV. Please _____ it _____.
A. turn, off B. turn, on C. turn, down D. turn, up
( ) 21. —_____ are these oranges?
—Five yuan.
A. How much B. How many C. How often D. How long
( ) 22. You should _____ your exam paper carefully before you hand it in.
A. pass B. look C. check D. send
( )23. The guide has _____. She will show them to us.
A. some old paper B. some special food C. a new jacket D. some beautiful pictures
( ) 24. —Let’s make vegetable salad.
—_____.
A. Thank you B. Never mind C. Here you are D. Good idea
( ) 25. —_____?
—Boil the noodles.
A. What’s the matter B. What should we do next
C. What do you think of the noodles D. What did you have for breakfast
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
一、重要词组
1. talk about 谈论，talk over谈论
2. give a talk 作报告
3. have a talk to (with) sb.与某人谈话
4. go to the beach去海滩
5. have ice cream吃冰淇淋
6. go to the zoo去动物园
7. go to the aquarium去水族馆
8. hang out with one’s friends与朋友闲逛
9. take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture照相
10. buy a souvenir买纪念品
11. have pizza吃比萨饼
12. a famous actor著名的演员
13. get one’s autograph得到了某人的亲笔签名
14. win a prize赢得奖品（奖项）
15. at the aquarium 在水族馆
16. have a great time玩得高兴，过得愉快
17. on the school trip在学校的旅游
18. Blue Water Aquarium蓝色水族馆
19. the Visitors’ Center游客中心
20.a dolphin show海豚表演
21. after that 后来
22. at the end of…在……结束的时候，在……的尽头
23. the Gift Shop礼品店
24. at the beginning of…在..开始的时候
25. a terrible school trip糟糕的学校旅行
26. that sounds interesting那听起来很有趣
27. make up a story编一个故事
28. go for a drive 开车兜风
30. in the rain在雨中
in the dark在黑暗中\
in the sun在阳光下
in the snow在雪中
31. take notes of=write down=copy down 写下，记下
32. have fun doing sth.很快乐的做某事
33. play computer games打电脑游戏
34. for sale 供销售
35. see you soon盼望很快见到你
36. in one’s opinion据某人看来,某人的观点上看
37. win the first prize获得了一等奖
38.a famous basketball player著名的篮球运动员
39. in the future在将来，今后
40. can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
41. the story goes that…据说……
42. a busy day off 繁忙的假日，
in one’s off hours在某人的休息时间
the off season淡季
43. none of… ……当中没有一个
44. a heavy rain 一阵大雨
a light rain一阵小雨
a fine rain 一阵细雨
45. all day = all day long 整天
all night = all night long整夜
二、重要句子
1. Did he really get Kobe’s autograph at the aquarium?
他真的在水族馆拿到了科比的签名吗？
2. He hung out with his friends three times last week.
他上个星期与朋友出去逛了3次
3. What else/other things did you do on your last school trip? 在你上一次学校出游时，你还做了什么？
4. At the end of the day, we rode our bikes back home.
那天最后，我们骑单车回家了。
5. Were there any octopuses at Blue Water Aquarium? Yes, but there was only one.
蓝水水族馆里有章鱼吗？是的，但只有一只。
6. We met a well-known/famous actor at the Visitors’ Center. 我们在游客中心见到了一个著名的演员。
1. Mike beat Jake and won first prize and a large amount of money. Mike打败了Jake并赢得了一等奖与一大笔钱。
2. We always have great fun doing outdoor sports.
我们总是在户外运动中获得很多乐趣。
3. I bought some souvenirs in Bamboo Garden for my best friend.我在万竹园里买了一些纪念品给我最好的朋友。
4. Our next day off is at the end of November.
我们的下一个休息日在11月末。
5. That sounds like an interesting day off.
那听起来像是一个有趣的休息日。
6. Can you believe what he told you?
你能相信他所告诉你的吗？
7. He studied late last night, so he slept late this morning. 他昨晚学习到很晚，所以他今天早上睡晚了。
三、课文重点知识解析：Section A知识要点
1. win v. 赢；获胜。一般用做及物动词，过去式与过去分词都是won；常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。
Who will win the first prize? 谁将获得一等奖