初中英语六大从句用法及练习.doc

mend
repair
respect
measure
occur
insist
upset
prove
be divided into
be divided by
be responsible for
be in charge of
cautious
crop
salary
charity
donate
source
form
pretend
prevent
exist
paradise
be forbidden to
monitor班长，监控
directly
display
challenge
interview
predict
manner
typical
欢迎，打招呼
conversation
opposite-adj.
hand in
gesture
management
factor
operate
button按钮，钮扣
complain

8

positive-negative
强迫某人做某事
wallet=purse钱包
口袋
捡起
return sth to sb
give back to...还回给某人
junk
snack零食
snake蛇
hut小屋
fair
unfair
the attitude with
be appreciated by
praise
chore
be supposed to
staff
stuff
authority权威，当局
awful令人不愉快的
remind
fit
punishment
severe
unify
regular
suffer
suffer from stress
take a break

positive-negative
force sb to do=force asb into doing
wallet=purse钱包
pocket口袋
pick up
return sth to sb
give back to...还回给某人
junk垃圾
snack零食
snake蛇
hut小屋
fair公平
unfair不公平
the attitude with对...的态度
be appreciated by被某人欣赏/感激
praise赞扬
chore杂事
be supposed to被认为
staff员工，全体职工
stuff材料，东西
authority权威，当局
awful令人不愉快的
remind提醒，使想起
keep fit保持健康
fit合适，益处
launch发射
punishment惩罚
severe严重的，严厉的
unify统一
regular规律的
suffer遭受，忍受
suffer from stress承受压力
take a break休息一下
no longer=not...any longer

英语中六大从句用法总结

1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。except that(除了),but that(只是）, in that(因为),已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。位于系动词之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。The problem  is  when we can get a pay rise.
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
It looks as if it is going to rain. 
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
The fact is that we have lost the game.
What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.

5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
关系词
在从句中的成分
修饰的先行词
可否省略
关系代词
that
主语/宾语
人、物
作宾语时可省略

which
主语/宾语
物
作宾语时可省略

who，whom，whose
主语/宾语/定语
人
作宾语时可省略
关系副词
When ，where，why
时间状语，地点状语，原因
时间、地点、
原因
一般可省略
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The girl __________ parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
The computers and cables ________ make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those _______ live alone or ________ are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
1) 当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all ________ I've heard from him.
He's the first person __________ I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略 ：从句中作__________的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those girls _____________we have to take care.
This is one of those girls___________we have to take care of.
3) 引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books _____________ there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason____________he was so angry that day.
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer__________he spent all his savings.
It is written by a person ____________we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,
the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that ,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

练习
1. It is reported that two schools, both of ____are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
A. that                      B. which                  C. them                      D. those
2.Jack, ____ everyone can see, is an honest child. A. which B. that C. that D. as
3.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, make all the others upset.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
4.He is reading the book ____he borrowed from the library yesterday.
 A. whose B. where C. which   D. as
5. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
6.Do you know the speed ____ the car is running?
A. at which B. which C. with which D. that
7.While driving through the city, she showed me the building ____ she once worked as a lift operator.
A. among which   B. which C. in which     D. that
8.Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
9.All the neighbors admire this family, ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
10.The age ____ children can go to school is seven.
A. at which B. by which C. which D. whose
11. My glasses, ____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. without which B. with which C. for which D. in which
12.The wolves hid themselves in the places _______ couldn’t be found.
A. which B. where C. in which D. in that
13.—How much do you have in your pocket?
—150 yuan, all of ____ came from my grandma.
A. which B. them C. it D. that
14.The size of the audience, ____ we had expected, was well over 20,000.
A. as B. where C. which D. why
15.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which
16.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which    B. where C. when D. as
17.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A. who B. which C. why D. when
18.By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. which B. on which C. that D. above which
19.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained.
A. that    B. for which   C. which D. about which
20.—What do you think of teacher, Bob？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _____ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
21.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where B. when C. who D. which
22.The lazy boy is expecting a way ____ he can get through the exams without hard work.
A. which B. with which C. in which D. whom
23.The reason ____ he was late for school was that he got up late.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
24.The Great Wall is the place ____ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing．
A. why B. which C. when D. where
25.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where B. when C. who D. which
26.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
27.Since 1995, ______ people call the Year of the Internet, the world has turned flat thanks to the net work..
A. which B. when C. in which D. by which time
28.We went to the West Lake yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world．
A. where B. which C. that D. when
29.The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A. as B. when C. until D. before
30.They talked happily about the things and persons________ they remembered in the college.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that

Ⅰ. 选择填空（20分）
1. Frank fell over at the beginning of the race, but he was ahead of the other runners in the end.
A. higher than B. longer than C. faster than D. more quickly than
2. —What a terrible rain we had last month!
—Yes, it caused floods and a large number of cars went wrong.
A. were washed away B. broke down C. disappeared D. stopped to work
3. The Shenzhen City consists of many districts, including Luohu, Futian, Nanshan and so on.
A. are full of B. are covered with C. is filled with D. is made up of
4. The children should be taken good care of because they are unaware of the danger around them. A. don’t know about B. can’t deal with C. find out D. pay attention to
5. —Congratulations! You have won the first prize in the Robcup Competition!
—Thank you. It was not easy, but we made it at last.
A. deserved it B. succeeded C. caught it D. held it
6. — Mike, do you know ________ man with glasses next to Mr. White?
— He is my uncle Simon. He is ________ art teacher in our school.
A. the; / B. the; an C. /; the D. a; an
7. — Is there ________ in today’s newspaper?
— A lot about the FIFA. But we can’t watch the games ________ the exams are over.
A. something special; after B. special something; before
C. special anything; when D. anything special; until
8. — I think it would be better if we have more ________ in our school.
— I agree with you. It’s necessary ________ us to give advice to our headmaster about this.
A. man teachers; for B. men teachers; of C. men teachers; for D. man teachers; of
9. — Do you know the 10th China International Cultural Industry Fair (文博会) ________ last month? — Yes. It attracted ________ people around the world.
A. held; millions B. held; million of C. is held; million of D. was held; millions of
10. — What a pity! Mum doesn’t let me ________ in the river on my own.
— She’s right. Children should learn to protect ________ from all kinds of dangers.
A. to swim; ourselves B. to swim; yourselves C. swim; themselves D. swimming; them
11. — Candy is the first in the exam again. I think she is ________ student in our class.
— So she is. And she always does her homework very ________.
A. the most hard-working; careful B. most hard-working; most carefully
C. more hard-working; more carefully D. the most hard-working; carefully
12. — Peter, let’s watch the new movie X-Men on TV, ________?
— I’d love to, but my parents don’t allow me to watch TV ________ on weekends.
A. shall we; except B. will you; besides C. shan’t we; except for D. won’t you; beside
13. — A Bite of China is ________ a popular TV program that everyone talks about it these days.
— Yes. It shows China’s many kinds of delicious foods and ________ colourful food culture.
A. too; it’s B. such; its C. so; it D. very; its
14. — Listen! Katherine is playing the violin in the music room.
— It ________ be Katherine. She ________ Shanghai for a violin contest.
A. can’t; has gone to B. mustn’t; has been to C. needn’t; has been in D. won’t; has left for
15. — ________ did