资源描述
Unit 1
Part Two: Read and Practice
Read and Think
II. Answer the following questions according to the text.
1.What are the main type of air Pollution?
An.: These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and "holes" in the ozone layer.
2.Where does exhaust come from?
An.: The exhaust comes from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries.
3.Why is the amount of carbon dioxide in the air continuing to increase?
An.: Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burned. Plants convert carbon dioxide back to oxygen, but the release of carbon dioxide from human activities is higher than the world's plants can process. The situation is made worse since many of the earth's forests are being removed, and plant life is being damaged by acid rain.
4.Can pollutants be created by indoor activities?
An.: Yes. Some pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking.
5.What is the first step to solve air pollution?
An.: The first step to solve air pollution is assessment.
III. Put in the missing words according to the text.
There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution. One type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Another type of pollution is the release of harmful gases in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. The greenhouse effect is also referred to as global warming. In many countries in the world, steps are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from air pollution. They have set controls on pollution emissions for transportation vehicles and industry and we must meet the challenge in order to assure that a healthy environment will exist for ourselves and our children.
Read and Complete
IV. Spell the following words with the help of their meanings and first letters.
1. e ssential a. absolutely necessary. Vitally necessary
2. s ubstance n. that which has mass and occupies space
3. s ignificant a. important; of consequence; having or expressing a meaning
4. w ell-being n. a contented state or being happy healthy and prosperous
5. exhaust n. gases ejected from an engine as waste products
6. convert v. to change the nature, purpose, or function of something
7. reaction n. a process in which one or more substances are changed into others
8. derive v. to obtain; to come from
9. consequence n. the outcome of an event especially as relative to an individual
10. exposure n. the state of being put into a situation in which something harmful or dangerous might affect you
V. Complete each of the following statements with the words you have learned in the text.
1. He explained that his delay was due to an accident.
2. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
3. This is one of the most significant studies of the subject.
4. This garden has the best collection of native plants. In addition , it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.
5.The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain.
VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper words and expressions given below, changing the form if necessary.
1.We refer to copper and silver as good conductors.
2.Here patience is essential.
3.The company supply, the children in the mountain area with a lot of books.
4.These phenomena are very common now.
5.These English words derive from Greek.
6.The storm caused untold damage to the farmer’s production.
7.The region continues to suffer from serious pollution.
8.How do you convert iron into steel?
9.Climate change could have serious consequences for Africa.
10.The harmful substances released into the environment.
VII. Word building.
Now add -en to each of the words below and then complete each of the following sentences with one of the finished words.
Sharp-sharpen; deep-deepen; high-heighten; bright-brighten; short-shorten; broad- broaden; wide-widen; quick-quicken; dark-darken; long-lengthen.
1. John glanced at his watch and quickened his pace.
2. The road broadened into an imposing avenue last year.
3. His expression brightened when I mentioned the money.
4. The gap between income and expenditure has widened to 10%.
5. They are talking about shortening the working week.
6. The bad news darkened their view of the situation.
7. It’s an opportunity for young people to deepen their understanding of the world.
8. The teacher advises pupils to sharpen all their pencils before the test.
9. The director uses music to heighten tension in the scene.
10.The days lengthened as summer approached.
VIII. Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences.
1. 示例：Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Trees and flowers can supply us with fresh air and beautiful view.
这家公司的任务是向周围的住户供应煤气。
译：The task of this company is to supply the homes around with gas.
他们向受洪灾地区(the flood-stricken area)的人们提供了食品援助(aids)。
译：They supplied the people in the flood-stricken area with food aids.
2. 示例：This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “black carbon” pollution. He is referred to as a living Shakespeare.
他们称他是一位政治家。
译：They referred to him as a politician.
那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领(white collar)工人”。
译：People who work in offices are usually refer to as “white collar workers”.
3. 示例：These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain.Once you start, you will never give up.
钱一旦花光了，我们就回不了家了。
译：Once the money has gone, we cannot go back home.
一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销！
译：Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular!
4. 示例：Only through the efforts of scientists, business leaders, legislators, and individuals can we reduce the amount of air pollution on the planet.
Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair.
孩子们只有在长大了之后，才能明白父母的辛苦。
译：Only after the children grew up could they understand their parents' hard working.
我们只有在山顶上才能看到整座城市的美景。
译：Only at the top of the mountain can we see the beautiful scenes of the whole city.
5.示例：This challenge must be met by all of us in order to assure that a healthy environment will exist for ourselves and our children. Nothing can assure permanent happiness.
他向我保证他已经完成了。
译：He assured me that he had finished.
我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。
译：I can assure you of the reliability of the news.
IX. Translate the following sentences into English.
1．我们为顾客提供各种优质商品。
译：We supply our customers with a variety of goods with high quality.
2．应该采取适当的措施保护当地的环境和历史。
译：Proper steps should be taken to protect local environment and history.
3．只有用这种方式，你才能从你的错误中吸取教训。
译：Only in this way can you learn form your mistakes.
4．在大城市，空气污染是个大问题，尤其是在发展中国家。
译：Air pollution is a big problem in large cities, especially in developing countries.
5．此外，为了解决污染问题，我们应该限制私人轿车的数量而增加公共汽车的数量。
译：In addition, in order to solve the pollution problem, we should limit the number of private cars while increase the number of public buses.
X. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.Each of these problems has serious effects on our health and well-being as well as on the whole environment.
译：这些问题已严重影响到我们的健康和幸福，也影响到整个环境。
2．It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions.
译：它是由来源不同的污染物之间的化学反应所导致，这些污染物主要是汽车尾气和工业废气。
3．In many countries in the world, steps are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from air pollution.
译：全世界许多国家正采取措施以制止空气污染对环境的破坏。
4．Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year.
译：城市往往是这类活动的中心。许多人深受烟雾之害，尤其是在一年中温暖的几个月中。
5．Researchers have investigated outdoor air pollution and have developed standards for measuring the type and amount of some serious air pollutants.
译：研究人员已经调查了室外的空气污染，并制定了标准以计量一些导致严重后果的空气污染物的种类和数量。
XI. Reading comprehension.
* In this exercise, there is a passage followed by some multiple-choice questions. Read the questions first, and then the passage. Don't worry about any new words as long as you understand the meaning well enough to answer the questions. Then answer the questions by making the best choice for each one.
Our surroundings are being polluted faster than the nature and man's present efforts cannot prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities, and growing use of man-made materials.
What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that the pollution is caused by man — by his desire for a modern way of life. We make "increasing industrialization" our chief aim. So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.
Is it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loud-speaker: "I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going." The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when we speak of our modern society.
1. Man cannot prevent the world from being polluted because____________.
An.: C. we have more industry
2. People crowd into the cities for____________.
An.: B. they are anxious to enjoy the achievements of our society
3. According to the passage, what does man value （看重） most among the following?
An.: A. Industry.
4. The story about the airline pilot tells us that____________.
An.: D. the writer is worried about the future of our society
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
An.: B. Lower the speed of development to stop pollution.
Part Three: Write and Produce
Exercises
I. Write a composition based on the topic "The City in Which I Live".
The City in Which I Live
I live in Beijing. It is China's second largest city in terms of population, after Shanghai. It is a major transportation center, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways entering and leaving it in all directions. Beijing is recognized as the political, educational, and cultural center of China. There are such plenty of beautiful buildings and spotlights as the Great Wall, Summer Palace, and Olympic Park.
With the modern, developed traffic system, we find it quite easy to live in this city. There are also many shopping centers, supermarkets and entertainment centers, which lead to a comfortable life in Beijing. But the population of the city is increasing rapidly. Sometimes, the traffic is busy. It may bring you some disappointment. It is obvious that the air pollution is being worse and worse. The living environment isn't as nice as before.
II. Write a composition based on the topic "My Favorite Person".
My Favorite Person
Nowadays, many teenagers have idols of their own, some of them like movie stars, some like pop singers. I also have an idol, but the person I admire is not a star, it's my mother.
She is a generous, good natured and warm-hearted woman. When she smiles, her whole face lights up; her eyes sparkled; Her smile makes me feel good, at ease, somehow reassured. She is good at cooking. She often treats me with delicious dinners. When I have trouble, I often turn to her for help. She always listens to me patiently and encourages me to do my best. She used to say "It doesn't matter if you win or not. The important thing is to do your best and keep going."
My favorite person, an ordinary traditional Chinese woman, but she is the greatest woman in my mind. I wish my mother has a happy life every day. I love my mother.
Part Four: Pick up your grammar
Exercises
I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1.Can you find out ____________her pen?
An.: C. where Alice has put
2.You can't imagine ____________when they received these gifts.
An.: B. how excited they were
3.I will give this book to ____________wants to have it.
An.: B. whoever
4.I doubt ____________he will lend you the book.
An.: A. whether
5.We must do well ____________the boss assigns us to do.
An.: B. whatever
6.Hans has a new car. I wonder when ____________it.
An.: A. he bought
7.I have not found my book yet. In fact, I'm not sure ____________ I could have done with it.
An.: D. what
8.The reason I plan to go is ____________if I don't.
An.: B. that she will be unhappy
9.The music was so loud. That's ____________he left the party so early.
An.: B. why
10.Do you know ____________?
An.: C. what time the party starts
11.The reason we're so late is ____________.
An.: C. that the car broke down
12.Do ____________you are told; otherwise you will be punished.
An.: B. what
13.This is ____________ I want to tell you.
An.: D. what
14.Students in his class cannot understand ____________.
An.: C. what this sentence means
15.We don't doubt ____________ he can make a good job of it.
An.: B. that
II. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.我想知道他是否会同意我的计划。
An.: I wonder whether/if he will agree on my plan.
2. 问题是这部电影是否值得一看。
An.: The question is whether this film is worth watching.
3. 我们不知道谁会来当英语老师
An.: We don't know who will be our English teacher.
4.她建议他们下个月买辆新车。
An.: She suggests that they buy a new car next month.
5.你知道这本字典是谁的吗？
An.: Do you know whose dictionary it is?
6.她说她很快就会出国。
An.: She said (that) she would go abroad soon.
7.这就是为什么玛丽着急的原因。
An.: This is why Mary was worried.
8.老师告诉孩子们什么时候将举行运动会。
An.: The teacher told the children when the sports meeting would be held.
9.我们都知道地球围绕太阳转这个真理。
An.: We all know that the earth goes around the sun.
10.父母决定孩子们在什么地方露营。
An.: The parents will decide where the kids are going to go camping.
11.我知道他们是谁的学生。
An.: I know whose students they are.
12.那就是他上大学的时候。
An.: That was when he went to the university.
13.我想知道美国人是怎么过周末的。
An.: I wonder how the Americans spend their weekends.
14.母亲说星期天要来看我，让我在家等她。
An.: Mother said (that) she will pay me a visit on Sunday and (that) I should wait for her at home.
15.我们必须决定什么时候动身。
An.: We have to decide when we will set off.
Unit 2
Part Two: Read and Practice
Read and Think
II. Answer the following questions according to the text.
1.What do the three Rs mean?
An.: Reinforce: reinforcing relief and adaptation before the event through good planning communication and regulations;
Rescue: executing an effective rescue during the crisis;
Recovery: supporting a long-term regional recovery to lessen the disruptive social and economic impacts.
2. What levels are included in rescue?
An.: Rescue operates at two levels: government and society.
3.What should the government do in the resc
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