初中英语介词用法大全.doc

初中英语介词用法总括
1.in
序号
功能
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
表示时间
在某段时间
朝代、古今、世纪、年代、年、季、月、星期、早、下午、晚上、过去、将来等不具体的、模糊的大于1天的时间段。
（注意和at在这方面的区别：at指的是短于1天的时间点）
In Tang dynasty;in the 19th century;in 1980;in this year;in spring;in a week; in a month;in the morning
2
表示位置
在某个地方
国家、地区、省、市、区、太空、天空等…
(自然意义上的地方)
In china;in huabei;in Beijing;in the sky
在某个场所
车、教室、超市等
(注意和at在这方面的区别，at一般用在：家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接触的地方)
In the train; in the classroom;
甲处于乙中…
除实物里面外，注意“光、灯、影、树荫、雨、森林”，有全身置入某种环境之中的含义在内。
We are in the classroom;
They are sitting in the shade of a tree；
They are studying in the birghtlight.
3
表示将来
在…以后
用在一般将来时中，是从“现在时间点往后..”
They will come back in 10 days
4
语言
单位
材料
/
关于“材料“，注意和with在这个用法上的区别。
(with偏向“工具”，in偏向“材料”)
I wrote a novel in Russian；
The length is measured in meter, and centimetre；
This board was cast in gold.
5
状态
方面
服饰
/
状态：既可以指人的状态，也可指物的状态；
方面：既可指具体，也可指抽象方面；
服饰：尤以颜色和状态常考
He wasn’t in good health,so talk in low voice.
Our country in rich in natural resources;
A good teacher must be an example in study
He is in red shoes today
初中阶段应掌握的
In的常见短语

介词短语
in all 总计;in general 一般来说；in time 及时；in advance 事前;in the meantime 与此同时;in place 适当地； in the hope of怀着……希望;in connection with 和……有关;in contact with 和……联系;in addition to 除……以外;in case of 倘若，万一;in conflict with 和……冲突;in force 有效的，大批;in depth 彻底地;in regard to 关于;in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近;in retrospect 回顾，一想起;in behalf of 代表……利益;in the long run 从长远说来;in one's opinion 在……看来;in word 口头上;in a word 总之;in vain 无益地, 白白地;in case 如果，万一，以防;in detail 详细地;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusion 总之；in spite of 尽管;in other words换句话说;in return 作为回报;in the name of 以……名义；be confident in 对……有信心;be interested in 对……感兴趣;in doubt 怀疑;in love 恋爱中;in debt 负债;in hesitation 犹豫不决;in wonder 在惊奇中;in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地);in a good mood (情绪)好; in danger, in debt(负债), in a hurry；in stock(有库存)；in peace(平安) (at peace和平),
动词短语
believe in信任; break in break in 闯入,插嘴,打断;bring in引起；产生；带来; come in进来；流行；call in下令收回; take in吸收、卷起；订阅，上当，受骗； turn in上缴，归还；fill in填充；get in收获；succeed in成功；check in到达登记，cut in插嘴,插入；count in包括； draw in时间接近； drop in顺路拜访；give in投降、屈服； go in for 参加；爱好，追求；hand in 交上，上缴；pour in源源而来。

2.on
序号
功能
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
表示时间
在某天或一天内的某个时间段
在星期几、具体的某一天or某日的早、中、晚
（时间前有定语修饰）
On Sunday(Mon.Tue…);on May 12th 1998;on the night of Oct.29th;on Wed.morning;on a cold night;on children’day(核心提示：所有的节日都是用on)
2
表示位置
（具体）在……上面
与物体表面相接触（注意与above\over的区别）
There are a lot of books on the shelf;
On the face; on the head;on the floor\football field\playgroud\road\roof\
On the farm \on the market(常考)
（抽象）在……上面
收音机、电视、电话、网络、手机、问题、纸张
（所有有形的，无形的“新闻媒体上”都是用on）
On TV; on radio; surf on the internet;on the phone；
You are wrong on all these issues
在……（边）上
左、右、两边
On the left; on the right; on both sides;
there is a hotel on the lake
3
表示状态
处于…状态
人或者物的目前状态;
On duty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale;on business;on schedule; on time;on the country；on scale
4
表示关系
关于…文章or论著
（高中阶段掌握）
On指专门论述（注意和about相区别）
I want a book on South Africa.
He wrote an article on the importance of birth control
靠……
相当于depend on的含义
The people in the south live on rice;
You can't afford the expensive ring on an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot
5
特定时间
一…就…
（高中阶段掌握）
相当于as soon as+主语的含义
On entering the room, he found his friends dancing；
初中阶段应掌握
In的常见短语

介词短语
On the spot当场；立即；on the run在逃跑中；On the air在广播中；on fire着火；on time准时；on duty值日；on strike罢工； on sale上市；on the country相反地；on schedule按时间表，准时; on business公事； on display在展出；on the one hand一方面；on the other hand另一方面； on one’s way to在…路上；on one’s own=by oneself;on top of;and so on等等；on purpose故意，专门
特别注意：乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步行；on horse骑马；on donkey骑驴
动词短语
Bring on引起，导致； call on 号召，拜访；decide on 决定;depend on依靠，取决于；get on上车；相处；进展; go on继续; get on with进展，相处； look on旁观，观望；look on…as把……看/当作;look down on看不起，轻视；pass on传递，传交；hand on传递下去；put on 表演，上演；戴/穿上；假装；take on 呈现，具有；流行；承担，雇用；turn on打开（灯，气，水，电器等）；work on 继续工作, 钻研（学问或技术）; carry on继续开展，坚持; hold on 继续；(电话)不挂断；抓牢，坚持;try on试穿。

3.at

序号
功能
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
表示时间
在…时刻\岁时
In是时间段，at是时间点，相对更精确
At noon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;at breakfast;at supper;at dinner;at the moment;at the same time;at once;at the beginning of;at the end of;at the age of; at daybreak；at sunrise;at sunset; at 7 o’clock……at（on） the weekend常考
2
表示地点
在……位置或场所
家、脚、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心
at the foot of;at the corner of ; at the crossroads;at the gate of;at he bottom of; at the top of;at the center of; at a distance;at the edge of ;at home;at the barbar’s;at the airport;at the station; at 405 Victory Road …
3
表示度
速度
以…速度
The car ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed
温度
在…度
Water usually boils at 100°; at 10 degrees centigrade
价格
按…价格
The pen was sold at a good price; at low cost
4
表示方向
朝…，向…
表示动作的方向
Aim at向..瞄准；shout at向..大喊；throw at向..扔；smile at向..微笑；rush at向..冲去;fire at向..开火
5
表示原因
由于（高中阶段掌握
一般用在系表结构中，对形容词的原因进行说明
I was surprised at the news;
He was discouraged at his failure
6
表示能力
擅长于…
固定考点：be good at;be bad at;an expert at
He is good at drawing(at后接名词或动名词)
初中阶段应掌握
In的常见短语

介词短语
at first 首先，开始时；at last;at most;at least 至少；at all events 无论如何；at home 在家，无拘束；at a loss 不知怎办；at any rate 不管怎样；at length 详细地；be at high tide 处于高潮期；at our invitation 应我们的邀请；at our request 应我们的请求；at the news 听到这消息；at the risk of 冒……危险；at a great expense 以巨大费用；at intervals of 每隔；at the sight of 一见到at the point of 接近，靠近；at the thought of 一想到；at the speed of 以……速度；at the cost (price) of 以……为代价；at leisure 闲着、失业；at stake 在危险中、在成败关头；at bottom 实际上、本质上；at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我们；at the present stage 在现阶段；at the weekend 周末；at all times 永远；
动词短语
call at访问（某地）；come at袭击，攻击; get at意指，本意是；理解；到达; knock at 敲打（门窗），敲击; look at看; work at从事, 致力于, 钻研; laugh at嘲笑；glare at怒目而视； glance at匆匆一瞥；point at指向

4.about
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
关于、有关

This is a book about how to study english
2
大约…, 近于…
表示时间或数量
I will be with you in about 3minutes;
There are about 30students in the classroom.
3
到处，在…周围，附近
相当于here and there
He walked about the street.
4
What about…?(习惯用语)
About为介词，所以后接动词ing形式
What about taking a break?
动词短语
go about着手,四处走走;set about着手，开始;worry about为…担心; come about 发生;care about关心、在意; bring about引起，带来,导致;knock about漫游；look about四处看看，四处环顾；set about doing着手做，开始；turn about向后转；think about考虑（是否去做）；argue about争论; know about了解;hear about听说;ask about询问;chat about闲聊;quarrel about争吵;speak／talk about谈论;complain about报怨

5.above
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
高于，在…之上
表示位置、地位、年龄、价格、量(重、数、度)、音调等
The mountain is 2000meters above the sea level（位置）;
I know you're above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(职位)
The old lady is above eighty（年龄）;
There are above forty girl students in the class（数量）;
Our private car weighs 1.8tons(重量)；
Any money earned over that level is taxed(度量)
2
非…能力所及，超出
能力、行为、品质等
The maths problem is above me;
Honest above everything else;
He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那样的事情来)
介词短语
Above all首先，最重要的是，最要紧的是；
He was above all a good and tireless writer; above all, we must be health

6.across

序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
横过、穿过
表示动作的方向
He swam across the river;
The policeman helped the old man walk across the street.
2
在对面，在那一边
表示位置上的对应关系，在隔着的对面
He lives across the street;
Japan lies across the pacific ocean
常见短语
Come across偶遇；get across横穿马路；能理解，被听懂；run across偶遇，横跨；

7.against

序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
撞到、紧靠
表示动作的方向，有靠、撞击的意思
I have hit my head against a wall;
She stood with her back against the tree;
The rain beat against the windows
2
反、逆、违背
反对（赞成的反义）
逆方向;
违背（意愿等）
Are you for or against the plan?
There were 20 votes for her and 12 against her;
He is swimming against this current.
She did it against her own will
3
以防
（大学阶段掌握此用法）
They saved money against old age.
4
表示陪衬
(高中阶段掌握此用法)
The red flag is fluttering against the blue sky;
His red clothes stook out clearly against the snow.
常见短语
Go against违反、违背、反对；stand against反对，不支持；turn against（转而）反对，背叛；run against违反，偶然遇到；fight against与……斗争；
over against正对着，在……对面 （fe: he lived over against the school）

8.after
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
（时间、顺序、位置）在…之后
表时间时，后面跟的是个时间点
After breakfast he ordered a taxi.
Shut the door after you;
After you,please.
A few kilometres after the village, turn right to Montelabate
2
探求、追求、追寻、找
与be动词或其它动词合用时，有此含义
A police is running after a thief;
He is after a job at our place;
I think he is only after money.
What are you after? I am looking for my wallet.
3
按照、仿照、依照、效仿
相当于according to的含义
Make sentence after the example
That was a play after Shakespeare.
They named the building after the scientist.
4
由于，尽管
高级用法，高中阶段掌握
After failing in the last two English tests,he made up his mind to spend more time on English study.
After all his efforts,John has failed.
常见短语

介词短语
Day after day日复一日；year after year年复一年；One after nother一个接一个地，相继；after a little/moment/while过了一会；after all毕竟，终究；after one’s heart合……的心；after service售后服务，after the fashion勉强(fe: He can speak and write English after a fashion他多少会说一些英语但不太好)；
动词短语
Look after照顾，照看；take after相像，长得像，效仿（John takes after his dad）；ask after问候, be after寻求,do(sth.)after学着做，go after设法得到, inquire after问候, run after追求, seek after追逐

9.along
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
顺着，沿着
表具体：沿着具体物体的边缘
We walked along the street.
2
顺着，沿着
表抽象：沿着抽象事物的方向发展
（该用法为along的副词用法）
My life is going along nicely
常见短语
1.Along with与…一起(fe: The baby's mother escaped from the fire along with two other children)；
2.all along一直（fe: I've been fooling myself all along）
3.bring along把…带来，领来;使发展（Did you bring along some books?）
4. come along 出现；沿着……过来；加油；进展
5. get on / along （with..）进展；相处

10.among
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
在…之中；在..中间
表具体：三者或者三者以上之中
I found him among the crowd
Please divide the cake among you four
表抽象
Most important among the country’s problems is the lack of health facilities.
2
……之一
相当于one of的功能
Einstein is among the greatest scientists
备注
-among 与between的区别：三者与两者之间的区别。但在下列情况，between 可用于三者：(1) 当两个以上的人或物用 and 连接时：between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之间；(2) 涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时：the difference between the three of them 他们三者之间的区别the relations between various countries 各国之间的关系；(3) 表示“由于…合作的结果”时：Between them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。(4) 在 divide, share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后，若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时，用 among between 均可：He divided his money among [between] his five sons. 他把钱分给了5个儿子。

11.as
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
作为，当作
注意和as for的区别
(as for为至于，关于)
Don’t treat me as a child;
I speak now as a friend,not as a teacher.
As for me, I don’t mind going there by train;
2
当…时候，在…同时
as当“连词”时的用法
The play started as I got there;
As I was a child,I liked singing very much
3
正如，就像
As you can see,we are still working.

因为，由于
We have a very wonderful TV, but we hardly watch it as we have so much housework to do.
备注
1. As….as 像….一样 （fe: the little girl over there looks as beautiful as my daughter）;
2. as long as只要(fe: As long as you can keep away from them, you're safe)
3. as a matter of fact adv. 事实上（fe: I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow, as a matter of fact.）
4. as a whole adv. 总体上(fe: We must consider these matters as a whole)
5. as far as adv. 远到， 直到， 至于(
6. As if 好象……似的 仿佛……一样
7. as well as adv. 也，又
8. as well 也 （fe: Water is colourless, air as well）
9. not so much...as... 与其说...不如说是...(fe: He is not so much a writer as a reporter)
10. such as 像， 例如；譬如；诸如（fe: Many basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk, are tax-free）
11. look on….as 把….看作….
12.before
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
在…以前；
在…前面；
在…之前
表示时间
We have to finish the work before 10 o’clock.
He made a speech before a lot of audience
He arrived before me.
表示位置
表示顺序
2
以前，以往
（此时Before做副词）
She had never been to Italy before
3
在…以前
（此时before做连词）
I want to think it over before I decide about it
常用短语
1. before long 不久； （fe: I hope to see you again before long）
2. long before很久以前 (fe: We've seen that film long before)
13.behind
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
比…晚；迟于…
表示时间
Your ideas are behind the times;
He arrived ten minutes behind time.
2
在…后面
表示位置
He hide himself behind the tree.
There is someone behind you.
3
落后于，低于，不如
表抽象：表示力量、能力等
I am far behind you in English
John’s behind the rest of the class in reading.
4
支持；作为…的后盾
此时相当于support的作用
He had his mother behind him.
常用短语
1.behind schedule 不准时
2.behind the times 过时的
3.behind the curtain 在幕后
4.far behind 在后面很远，把…远远的甩在身后
5.left behind 遗留，留下（被动语句中更常用）
14.below
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
在…以下
具体：表示位置
（below含某个水平线或水平面以下的意思，而under是某个物体以下）
Don’t write your answer below this line;
Fish were swimming below the surface of the water.
2
低于，在..以下
表示年龄
He can’t be below fifty.
3
表示能力、级别、价值、程度、数量等
He is below me in the class;
His income is below the average income in the area；
During the night,temperatures dropped below zero.
15.beside
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
在…旁边；在..附近
表具体位置：表示地点
He sat beside her all night;
I want to buy a beautiful beside the river.
2
和…相比
引申用法(大学阶段掌握)
Beside his ,my trouble is nothing;
My work condition looks poor beside hers
短语
Be beside oneself (with sth)
因…而忘形，失去控制
I was beside myself with joy.

16.besides
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
除..以外（还有）
注意和except的区别
（except 用来引出陈述中唯一不适用的事物、情形、人或想法，是从整体中除去；而besides只是特别强调而已）
Besides English ,we have to study math,Chinese and so on.
Besides cancer, smoking can lead other diseases
She is a nice girl except a bit ugly.
There wasn't anything in the box except a few dirty clothes
2
另外，再说
（此时当副词）
I don't like that new dictionary, besides, it's too expensive
17.between
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
在…之间（两者）
(常和and常用)
具体：表示时间、位置、数量
The lunch hour is between 11 and 13pm;
Shanxi province is between henan and gansu
The temperature is between 25 degree and 30 all week
2
抽象：表示比较、分配、关系、性质等
What’s the differencde between women and man?
They shared the chocolate between the two of them;
The relations between teachers and students are excellent
My job is between a secretary and a personal assistant.
18.beyond
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
在…的那边；
在…以外；
表示具体位置：在某物体的范围之外
The airport is 20miles beyond the town;
What lies beyond the mountains?
2
超出，高于
表示抽象的范围、限度等
This book is beyond me;
He is living beyond his income;
The beauty of West Lake ia beyond words;
The watch is damaged beyond repair
3
过了，比..晚，迟于
表示时间
He came home beyond the usual time;
19.but
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
除了..；除了..之外

She has no choice but to cry.
2
常用短语
Not only…but also 不但…而且
He not only studies hard but also works well；
Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it（倒装）

20.by
序号
含义
理解核心
典型例句
1
在..旁边，身边
表示位置，相当于beside的意思
只是by可以用于引申含义
He stood by the window and look out over the fields;
I haven’t got any money by me.
2
到…时候（为止，以前）
表示时间(跟时间点)
He is sure to come by 3 0’clock.
The homework need to be ready by next Friday.
3
按…； 以…
表示标准，度量，数量
In America many workers were paid by the week;
Don’t judge a man by his clothes/looks;
The cotton cr