第一讲虚拟语气.doc

第一讲 虚拟语气
第一部分课堂笔记
虚拟语气存在于if条件从句中和一些固定结构中虚拟语气与动词的过去的某种时态形影不离
虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的变化来实现的注：以下打两个★★的为已经考试过的考点。
第一节 if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
一、if 条件状语从句中表示对将来、过去、现在的虚拟
If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party.（真实条件句）如果她明天邀请我参加聚会, 我就去.
If she invited me, I should go to the party.(虚拟条件句) (说话人认为邀请的可能性较小或不可能)
1.对现在的虚拟
条件状语从句的动词形式
主句的动词形式
If+主语+动词过去式
(be的过去式用were)
I (we) should+动词原形
主语+would(might, could)+动词原形
If I were you, I should study English. (I am not you , so I shall not study English.)
If I had time, I would attend the wedding. (I does not have time, so I will not attend the wedding.)
★★2.对过去的虚拟
条件状语从句的动词形式
主句的动词形式
If+主语+had+过去分词
I(we) should+ have+过去分词
主语+would(might, could)+have+过去分词
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.
(You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.)

3.对将来的虚拟
条件状语从句的动词形式(三种)
主句的动词形式
⑴If+主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were),通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用(tomorrow)
⑵If+主语(任何人称和数)+should+动词原形
⑶If+主语(任何人称和数) +were +to动词原形
I (we) should+动词原形或主语(任何人称)+would(might, could)
+动词原形
If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
★★二、混合虚拟语气(条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整.)
If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now
★★三.用介词短语代替条件状语从句(可以改为条件状语从句)
Without air, there would be no living things. 相当于:If there were no air, there would be no living things.
But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. 相当于:If you had not helped me, I couldn’t have done it.
★★四、虚拟语气的倒装：如果条件状语从句的谓语中有were, had或should,就可以倒装。将were, had或should放到句首,谓语主语之前, if去掉。变为”were/had/should+主语”的形式。如果从句没有were, had或should,就不能倒装。
If I were to do it, I’d do it some other way.→ Were I to do it, I`d do it some other way.
If you should fail, try again.→ Should you fail, try again.
而且,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略了if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.如:
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. 但不能说: Weren’t it for the expense, I would go to Italy.
第二节固定结构中的虚拟语气
★★一、.It is(high) time(that)……句型中的虚拟语气
在此句型中,后面的从句的谓语动词常用过去式,.意思为“（现在）该……的时候了”
It is high time that you got married. It is high time that I lost some weight.
★★二、.wish+宾语从句结构
I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
★三.If only句中的虚拟语气
If only he were here! If only I knew more! If only he had stayed with us! If only I had taken his advice!
注：if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如：
If only I had more money, I could buy a car.
★★四、在would （just ）as soon （宁愿）would sooner （宁愿）would （just） rather （宁愿）后的宾语从句中，从句谓语用一般过去时来表示现在或将来要做的事情，若谈及过去的动作，用过去完成时。其后不加that。.
I’d rather I were in the rain now. Don’t always make noise. I’d rather you kept silent.
★五、在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的状语从句中，意为“以免”，从句要用虚拟语气。构成should+动词原形，should也可以省略。
Take an umbrella with you in case it (should) rain.
★六、.as if/as though或even if/even though引导的从句中的虚拟语气如果从句中表示的动作发生在过去,则谓语动词用had+过去分词形式;如果指的是现在的状况,则用过去式;指将来则用would(should, could)+动词原形.这里只看从句动作发生的时间,与主句的时态没有关系.
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.
He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse.(倒塌)
★★七.在表示建议,要求,命令等意思的动词(request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, command, order , desire, insist,)后面的宾语从句中, 谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,that不能省略.
He suggested that we (should) have a meeting. The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be bombed.
★★八.与表示请求,建议,命令等动词相对应的名词后面的表语从句,同位语从句用虚拟语气.(suggesttion,command,demand,desire,request,requirement,insist,advice,propose,order).
构成同一Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized.（表语从句）
==we suggested that education not be industrialized.
★★九.表示建议,请求,命令动词在以下结构中（主语从句）“It is suggested/required/request/ordered/
Advised/insisted/demanded that……”用虚拟语气. 构成同一
It was suggested that he (should) attend the conference.
It was requested that the trial (should) be reported openly.
★★十.在以下结构中（主语从句）It is important/necessary/strange/desirable/advisable/better/essential/vital
/imperative(必须的)that…句型中.that引导的从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略,that不能省略.
It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter。
It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.

第二部分虚拟语气01-10年专升本考试真题[共26题]
一、if条件句中表示对将来的虚拟
1. [10—14]. _______ tomorrow, he would be able to see the opening ceremony.
A. Would he come B. If he comes C. Was he coming D. Were he to come
2 [11—6].________ tight now , she would get there on Sunday.
A. Would she leave B. If she leave C. Were she to leave D. If she had left
二、if条件句中表示对过去的虚拟
3 .[02-28] ________ he would have come to class.
A If Mike is able to finish his homework, B Would Mike be able to finish his homework,
C If Mike could finish his homework, D If Mike had been able to finish his homework,
4 .[04-6] __________your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train.
A Had I not taken B If I didn’t take C If I haven’t taken D Provided I didn’t take
5. [05-7] He ____________ killed last night if he had taken part in the surprise attack on the night.
A .might be B would be C might have been D. should have been
6. [07-3] if he had been in better health, he ____________more books.
A. can write B. could have written C. could write D. have written
7. [09—30]. _____ , everything would have been all right.
A. He had been here B. Been here he had C. Here he had been D. Had he been here
8. [11—37]for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded.
A. Hadn’t it been B. Had it not been C. If it had been D. If it were

三、用介词短语(without, but for)代替条件状语从句
9. [01—16] ________ your help, I could not have finished my work so early.
A with B by C for D without
10. [03—8] without his wise mother, he _________ such a successful scientist.
A. would not become B. should not have become C. may not have become D. could not have become
11. [10—10]. I passed the test. I _______ it without your help.
A. would not pass B. wouldn’t have passed C. didn’t pass D. had not passed
四、混合虚拟语气
12.[06-23]I ________ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.
A. should arrive B. would be arriving C. could have arrived D. arrived
五、It’ s (high/about)time结构
13.[02—7] It’s time the dog __________ how to behave properly.
A is learning B learns C learned D. to learn
14.[04—25]It’s high time you _________ the problem carefully about what you will do in the future.
A are studied B must study C studied D. study
15.[06—33] It’s high time we_______ something to stop road accidents.
A are doing B did C will do D. do
16.[08--8] It’s high time __________ about the traffic problem.
A. something were done B. something is done C. anything will be done D. nothing to be done
六、在wish+宾语从句中
17.[06-40] I wish you __________here last night. All of us were waiting for your arrival.
A. came B. had come C. come D. will come
七、在would (just) rather, would (just) as soon ,would sooner(宁愿)结构中
18.[02—30] I’d just as soon __________those important papers with you.
A. that you won’t take B. your not taking C please don’t you take D. you didn’t take
19.[05—25] Mr. Smith would just rather we__________ now , but we must go to work.
A. not leave B didn’t leave C are not to leave D won’t leave
20. [06—29] I would rather you _____ to the party with her.
A go B went C will go D has gone
八、在表示建议,请求,命令的宾语从句中
21.[03-11] Experiments __________that accurate measurements be made.
A. show B. prove C. demand D. head
22.[09—6].The teacher insisted that we our homework before 9:00 o’clock.
A. finished B. had finished C. finish D. was finishing
九、表示建议,请求,命令,坚持等同位语、表语从句中的虚拟语气
23. [07-1] One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _______ to its burning temperature.
A. is heated B. will be heatedC. be heated D. would be heated
24.[05-12]We are all for your proposal that the discussion__________.
A. be put off B. was put off C. will be put off D. should put off
十、主语从句
25.[02—20] It is requested that the rent for the house _________ in advance.
A. will have to be paid B. has to be paid
C. should have to be paid D. should be paid
26.[01—2]It is very important that enough money_________ to fund the project .
A. be collected B. must be collected C. is collected D. can be collected
27.[06—35] It is necessary that the problem __________ in some way or other.
A. is settled B. has been settled C. be settled D. was settled
28 [10—20]. It is necessary that he _______ the task by the end of next week.
A. fulfill B. will fulfill C. will have fulfilled D. fulfills
29. [11—14].I don think it advisable that Tom _________ to the job since he has no experience.
A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned
Key:
1.D
2.C
3.D
4.A
5.C
6.B
7.D
8.B
9.D
10.D
11.B
12.C
13.C
14.C
15.B
16.A
17.B
18.D
19.B
20.B
21.C
22.C
23.C
24.A
25.D
26.A
27.C
28.A
29.C

第三部分虚拟语气强化训练
1. If you _______5 minutes earlier, you ________ him.
A. should come; had seen B. came; would see
C. come; will see D. had come; would have seen
2. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he __ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
3. It is strange that Mr. Zhang ______ such silly mistakes.
A. made B. makes C. make D. had made
4. They demanded that the books ______ to the school library at once.
A. return B. should return C. be returned D. would be returned
5.How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
6. It is high time that we _______ to think how to deal with the money.
A. would begin B. began C. begin D. begun
7.If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
8.If I had had enough time, I _______ my work.
A. would finish B. must have finished
C. would have finished D. had finished
9.Ten minutes earlier, they ________ the plane.
A. will catch B. would catch
C. would have caught D. will have caught
10. Mr. Green requires that the students ________ a composition every other week.
A. write B. written C. would write D. will write
11.Had he studied hard, he ______ the exam.
A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed
12.I wish I _______ what is happening there in this room.
A. know B. known C. knew D. should know
13．If there were no water in the world , everything __________.
A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead
14. _______ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.
A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known
15.He ordered that the work ________ right away.
A. should finish B. finished C. would be finished D. be finished
16.---Shall we go to the movie tonight?
--- No, I’d rather ____ at home with our baby. You’d better not leave it to the babysitter at night.
A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay
17.Mrs Black insists _______ in that old hotel.
A. not to stay B. not staying C. staying not D. that she not stay
18.If you had spoken clearly, you would ________ .
A. understand it B. have understood C. be understood D. have been understood
19.If you _______ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.
A. haven’t watched B. hadn’t watched
C. didn’t watch D. wouldn’t have watched
20.Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________ achieved.
A. will not be B. would not be C. would not have been D. can not have been
Key:
1．D
2．D
3．C
4．C
5．B
6．B
7．C
8．C
9．C
10．A
11．D
12．C
13．B
14．A
15．D
16．A
17．D
18．D
19．B
20．D
一、虚拟语气过关测试

1. He suggested that _______ to tomorrow’s exhibition together.
A．us togo   B．we went  C．we shall go   D．we go
2. It was essential that the application forms _______ back before the deadline (截止日期).
A．must be sentB．would be sent C．besent     D．Were sent
3. It is highly desirable that a new president _______ for this college.
 A．appointed B．be appointed C．is appointed D．Has been appointed
4. It was essential that all the necessary documents _______ to the president's office being the end of this month.
A．be handed in B．Must be handed in 
CshouldD．Had been handed in
5. It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures _______ to solve the problem.
A．were taken B．betaken  C．must be taken  D．take
6. It was proposed that the matter _______ discussed at the next meeting.
A．will be  B．has   C．be   D．Would be
7. We desire that the tour leader_______us immediately of any change in plans.
 A．inform     B．informs  C．informed    D．Has informed
8. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _______ after 11:00 pm.
A．not to play loud music   B．Shouldn’t play loud music 
C．don't play loud music   D．Couldn’t play loud music
9. It is highly desirable that a new president _______ to this college.
A．appointed    B．Be appointed  
C．was appointed     D．Has been appointed

10. It is recommended that the project _______ until all the preparations have been made.
A．is not started B．will not be started
C．not be started  D．Is not to be started
11. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _______ after 11 o'clock at night.
A．were not played      B．not to play          
C．not be played   D．did not play
12. It’s necessary _______ the dictionary immediately.
A．that he will return   B．that he returned   
C．that he return   D．that he has to return

13. I don't think it advisable that Tom _______ to the job since he has no experience.
A．is assigned     B．will be assigned
 C．be assigned   D．has been assigned

14.We are all for your proposal that the discussion_______.
A．be put off    B．was put off          
C．should put off     D．is to put off

15. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures____