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Linux基础:如何找出你的系统所支持的最大内存.doc

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  大多数情况下你可以从BIOS、产品目录或者干脆手动找出你的系统所持的最大内存。这里,我们介绍一种简单有用的技巧——使用dmidecode来找出系统支持的最大内存,这样你就无需打开机箱或者参照BIOS和产品目录了。   什么是 dmidecode?   就像你可能知道的一样, dmidecode是一个将计算机DMI(又名SMBIOS)表的内容转换为可读格式的工具。这个表包含了系统硬件组件的介绍以及其他一些如序列号和IOS版本等有用的信息。使用dmidecode你能够获取此项信息,而无需去探测真实的硬件。   找出你的系统所支持的最大内存   请确定你已经在系统中安装了dmidecode,我觉得你的操作系统应该已经自动安装过了,不过并不非常确定。   在基于Deb的系统中安装   sudo apt-get install dmidecode   在基于RPM的系统中安装   sudo yum install dmidecode   在SUSE/openSUSE中安装   sudo zypper in dmidecode   好了,我们已经安装了dmidecode,接下来让我们找出支持的最大内存。输入以下命令:   sudo dmidecode -t 16   输出样本   # dmidecode 2.12   SMBIOS 2.6 present.   Handle 0x0014, DMI type 16, 15 bytes   Physical Memory Array   Location: System Board Or Motherboard   Use: System Memory   Error Correction Type: None   Maximum Capacity: 16 GB   Error Information Handle: Not Provided   Number Of Devices: 2   就像你看到的,我的系统支持最大内存到16G,并且有两个内存插槽,简单吧?   接下来,让我们找出现在已经安装的内存的详细信息。   sudo dmidecode -t 17   输出样本   # dmidecode 2.12   SMBIOS 2.6 present.   Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 28 bytes   Memory Device   Array Handle: 0x0014   Error Information Handle: 0x0000   Total Width: Unknown   Data Width: Unknown   Size: No Module Installed   Form Factor: DIMM   Set: None   Locator: DIMM_B   Bank Locator: BANK 2   Type: Unknown   Type Detail: None   Speed: Unknown   Manufacturer: Not Specified   Serial Number: Not Specified   Asset Tag: Not Specified   Part Number: Not Specified   Rank: Unknown   Handle 0x0015, DMI type 17, 28 bytes   Memory Device   Array Handle: 0x0014   Error Information Handle: 0x0000   Total Width: 64 bits   Data Width: 64 bits   Size: 4096 MB   Form Factor: SODIMM   Set: None   Locator: DIMM_A   Bank Locator: BANK 0   Type: DDR3   Type Detail: Synchronous   Speed: 1067 MHz   Manufacturer: 014F   Serial Number: 00092AF2   Asset Tag: 54114000   Part Number: JM1066KSN-4G   Rank: Unknown   就像上边输出的一样,我在插槽1里边安装了一个内存条。内存大小为4G,类型为DDR3,速度为1067 MHz。   同样的,我们可以通过下边命令得到完整的内存信息。   sudo dmidecode -t memory   sudo dmidecode -t memory | less   sudo dmidecode -t memory | more   输出样本   # dmidecode 2.12   SMBIOS 2.6 present.   Handle 0x0014, DMI type 16, 15 bytes   Physical Memory Array    Location: System Board Or Motherboard    Use: System Memory    Error Correction Type: None    Maximum Capacity: 16 GB    Error Information Handle: Not Provided    Number Of Devices: 2   Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 28 bytes   Memory Device    Array Handle: 0x0014    Error Information Handle: 0x0000    Total Width: Unknown    Data Width: Unknown    Size: No Module Installed    Form Factor: DIMM    Set: None    Locator: DIMM_B    Bank Locator: BANK 2    Type: Unknown    Type Detail: None    Speed: Unknown    Manufacturer: Not Specified    Serial Number: Not Specified    Asset Tag: Not Specified    Part Number: Not Specified    Rank: Unknown   Handle 0x0015, DMI type 17, 28 bytes   Memory Device    Array Handle: 0x0014    Error Information Handle: 0x0000    Total Width: 64 bits    Data Width: 64 bits    Size: 4096 MB    Form Factor: SODIMM    Set: None    Locator: DIMM_A    Bank Locator: BANK 0    Type: DDR3    Type Detail: Synchronous    Speed: 1067 MHz    Manufacturer: 014F    Serial Number: 00092AF2    Asset Tag: 54114000    Part Number: JM1066KSN-4G    Rank: Unknown   如果你好奇想要知道整个系统的详细信息,例如主板、内存、BIOS等,那么可以输入以下命令来获取。   sudo dmidecode   输出样本   # dmidecode 2.12   SMBIOS 2.6 present.   48 structures occupying 2173 bytes.   Table at 0x000EB840.   Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 251 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    DA FB 00 DA B2 00 0D 5F 0F 37 40 7D 00 00 00 00    00 7E 00 01 00 00 00 DC 01 00 80 02 00 DD 01 00    80 03 00 75 01 01 80 01 00 76 01 02 80 01 00 2D    01 03 80 01 00 2E 01 03 80 00 00 81 01 07 80 00    00 82 01 07 80 01 00 83 01 08 80 00 00 84 01 08    80 01 00 85 01 06 80 00 00 86 01 06 80 01 00 58    02 05 80 00 00 57 02 05 80 01 00 9C 00 02 00 01    00 9B 00 02 00 00 00 8A 01 03 00 01 00 89 01 03    00 00 00 7F 01 04 00 00 00 80 01 04 00 01 00 53    01 05 00 00 00 52 01 05 00 01 00 7B 01 06 00 00    00 7C 01 06 00 01 00 94 01 07 00 00 00 93 01 07    00 01 00 7D 00 08 00 00 00 2D 00 09 00 01 00 2E    00 09 00 00 00 6E 00 0A 00 00 00 95 00 0B 00 01    00 96 00 0B 00 00 00 2F 02 0C 00 01 00 30 02 0C    00 00 00 50 02 0D 00 00 00 51 02 0D 00 01 00 52    02 0D 00 02 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00   Handle 0xDA01, DMI type 218, 59 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    DA 3B 01 DA B2 00 0D 5F 0F 37 40 53 02 0D 00 03    00 54 02 0D 00 04 00 56 02 0D 00 05 00 4B 01 0E    00 01 00 4A 01 0E 00 00 00 EA 00 0F 00 01 00 EB    00 0F 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00   Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 42 bytes   Processor Information    Socket Designation: CPU 1    Type: Central Processor    Family: Core i3    Manufacturer: Intel    ID: A7 06 03 01 FF FB AB BE    Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 42, Stepping 7    Flags:    FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)    VME (Virtual mode extension)    DE (Debugging extension)    PSE (Page size extension)    TSC (Time stamp counter)    MSR (Model specific registers)    PAE (Physical address extension)    MCE (Machine check exception)    CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)    APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)    SEP (Fast system call)    MTRR (Memory type range registers)    PGE (Page global enable)    MCA (Machine check architecture)    CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)    PAT (Page attribute table)    PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)    CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)    DS (Debug store)    ACPI (ACPI supported)    MMX (MMX technology supported)    FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)    SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)    SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)    SS (Self-snoop)    HTT (Multi-threading)    TM (Thermal monitor supported)    PBE (Pending break enabled)    Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2350M CPU @ 2.30GHz    Voltage: 1.1 V    External Clock: 100 MHz    Max Speed: 2300 MHz    Current Speed: 2300 MHz    Status: Populated, Enabled    Upgrade: Other    L1 Cache Handle: 0x0005    L2 Cache Handle: 0x0006    L3 Cache Handle: 0x0007    Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.    Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M.    Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.    Core Count: 2    Core Enabled: 1    Thread Count: 2    Characteristics:    64-bit capable   Handle 0x0005, DMI type 7, 19 bytes   Cache Information    Socket Designation: L1-Cache    Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1    Operational Mode: Write Back    Location: Internal    Installed Size: 64 kB    Maximum Size: 64 kB    Supported SRAM Types:    Other    Installed SRAM Type: Other    Speed: Unknown    Error Correction Type: None    System Type: Unified    Associativity: 8-way Set-associative   Handle 0x0006, DMI type 7, 19 bytes   Cache Information    Socket Designation: L2-Cache    Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 2    Operational Mode: Varies With Memory Address    Location: Internal    Installed Size: 512 kB    Maximum Size: 512 kB    Supported SRAM Types:    Other    Installed SRAM Type: Other    Speed: Unknown    Error Correction Type: None    System Type: Unified    Associativity: 8-way Set-associative   Handle 0x0007, DMI type 7, 19 bytes   Cache Information    Socket Designation: L3-Cache    Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 3    Operational Mode: Varies With Memory Address    Location: Internal    Installed Size: 3072 kB    Maximum Size: 3072 kB    Supported SRAM Types:    Other    Installed SRAM Type: Other    Speed: Unknown    Error Correction Type: None    System Type: Unified    Associativity: Other   Handle 0x0008, DMI type 8, 9 bytes   Port Connector Information    Internal Reference Designator: J1A1    Internal Connector Type: None    External Reference Designator: PS2Mouse    External Connector Type: PS/2    Port Type: Mouse Port   Handle 0x0009, DMI type 8, 9 bytes   Port Connector Information    Internal Reference Designator: J1A1    Internal Connector Type: None    External Reference Designator: Keyboard    External Connector Type: PS/2    Port Type: Keyboard Port   Handle 0x000A, DMI type 8, 9 bytes   Port Connector Information    Internal Reference Designator: J2A2B    Internal Connector Type: None    External Reference Designator: Video    External Connector Type: DB-15 female    Port Type: Video Port   Handle 0x000B, DMI type 8, 9 bytes   Port Connector Information    Internal Reference Designator: J3A1    Internal Connector Type: None    External Reference Designator: USB1    External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)    Port Type: USB   Handle 0x000C, DMI type 8, 9 bytes   Port Connector Information    Internal Reference Designator: J3A1    Internal Connector Type: None    External Reference Designator: USB2    External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)    Port Type: USB   Handle 0x000D, DMI type 8, 9 bytes   Port Connector Information    Internal Reference Designator: J3A1    Internal Connector Type: None    External Reference Designator: USB3    External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)    Port Type: USB   Handle 0x000E, DMI type 8, 9 bytes   Port Connector Information    Internal Reference Designator: J5A1    Internal Connector Type: None    External Reference Designator: LAN    External Connector Type: RJ-45    Port Type: Network Port   Handle 0x000F, DMI type 9, 17 bytes   System Slot Information    Designation: J6B2    Type: x16 PCI Express    Current Usage: In Use    Length: Long    ID: 0    Characteristics:    3.3 V is provided    Opening is shared    PME signal is supported    Bus Address: 0000:00:01.0   Handle 0x0010, DMI type 9, 17 bytes   System Slot Information    Designation: J6B1    Type: x1 PCI Express    Current Usage: In Use    Length: Short    ID: 1    Characteristics:    3.3 V is provided    Opening is shared    PME signal is supported    Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.3   Handle 0x0012, DMI type 11, 5 bytes   OEM Strings    String 1: Dell System    String 2: 5[0003]    String 3: 13[P18F]   Handle 0x0013, DMI type 12, 5 bytes   System Configuration Options    Option 1: To Be Filled By O.E.M.   Handle 0x001C, DMI type 21, 7 bytes   Built-in Pointing Device    Type: Touch Pad    Interface: Bus Mouse    Buttons: 2   Handle 0x001D, DMI type 22, 26 bytes   Portable Battery    Location: Sys. Battery Bay    Manufacturer: Sanyo    Serial Number: 5390    Name: DELL 4YRJH22    Chemistry: Lithium Ion    Design Capacity: 45000 mWh    Design Voltage: 10800 mV    SBDS Version: 1.0    Maximum Error: 2%    SBDS Manufacture Date: 2012-02-28    OEM-specific Information: 0x00000001   Handle 0x001E, DMI type 32, 20 bytes   System Boot Information    Status: No errors detected   Handle 0x0020, DMI type 27, 12 bytes   Cooling Device    Type: Fan    Status: OK    OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000   Handle 0x0021, DMI type 28, 20 bytes   Temperature Probe    Description: CPU Internal Temperature    Location: Processor    Status: OK    Maximum Value: 127.0 deg C    Minimum Value: 0.0 deg C    Resolution: 1.000 deg C    Tolerance: 0.5 deg C    Accuracy: Unknown    OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000   Handle 0xB000, DMI type 176, 5 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    B0 05 00 B0 00   Handle 0xB100, DMI type 177, 12 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    B1 0C 00 B1 1A 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00   Handle 0x0025, DMI type 209, 12 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    D1 0C 25 00 00 00 00 03 05 01 00 03   Handle 0x0026, DMI type 210, 12 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    D2 0C 26 00 00 00 00 03 05 20 01 03   Handle 0x0027, DMI type 211, 13 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    D3 0D 27 00 01 00 00 00 00 02 03 04 04    Strings:    Front   Handle 0x0028, DMI type 212, 57 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    D4 39 28 00 70 00 71 00 01 49 50 48 9C 00 49 FC    01 9B 00 49 FC 00 7F 01 4A FB 04 80 01 4A FB 00    53 01 4A F7 08 52 01 4A F7 08 7B 01 4A EF 10 7C    01 4A EF 10 FF FF 00 00 00   Handle 0x002A, DMI type 217, 8 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    D9 08 2A 00 01 02 00 00    Strings:   Handle 0x002B, DMI type 219, 11 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    DB 0B 2B 00 00 01 02 03 00 04 05    Strings:   Handle 0x002C, DMI type 220, 22 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    DC 16 2C 00 01 F0 00 00 02 F0 00 00 00 00 03 F0    04 F0 00 00 00 00   Handle 0x002D, DMI type 221, 19 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    DD 13 2D 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00    00 00 00   Handle 0x002E, DMI type 222, 16 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    DE 10 2E 00 01 08 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   Handle 0x0014, DMI type 16, 15 bytes   Physical Memory Array    Location: System Board Or Motherboard    Use: System Memory    Error Correction Type: None    Maximum Capacity: 16 GB    Error Information Handle: Not Provided    Number Of Devices: 2   Handle 0x0016, DMI type 20, 19 bytes   Memory Device Mapped Address    Starting Address: 0x00000000000    Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF    Range Size: 4 GB    Physical Device Handle: 0x0015    Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x0018    Partition Row Position: 1    Interleave Position: 1    Interleaved Data Depth: 1   Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 28 bytes   Memory Device    Array Handle: 0x0014    Error Information Handle: 0x0000    Total Width: Unknown    Data Width: Unknown    Size: No Module Installed    Form Factor: DIMM    Set: None    Locator: DIMM_B    Bank Locator: BANK 2    Type: Unknown    Type Detail: None    Speed: Unknown    Manufacturer: Not Specified    Serial Number: Not Specified    Asset Tag: Not Specified    Part Number: Not Specified    Rank: Unknown   Handle 0x0018, DMI type 19, 15 bytes   Memory Array Mapped Address    Starting Address: 0x00000000000    Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF    Range Size: 4 GB    Physical Array Handle: 0x0014    Partition Width: 2   Handle 0x002F, DMI type 13, 22 bytes   BIOS Language Information    Language Description Format: Abbreviated    Installable Languages: 1    eng    Currently Installed Language: eng   Handle 0x0030, DMI type 131, 64 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    83 40 30 00 31 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    F8 00 4B 1C FF FF FF FF 01 00 00 00 00 00 07 00    AD 04 04 00 00 00 00 00 C8 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00    00 00 00 00 32 00 00 00 76 50 72 6F 00 00 00 00   Handle 0x0029, DMI type 216, 9 bytes   OEM-specific Type    Header and Data:    D8 09 29 00 01 02 01 00 00    Strings:    INTEL    0000   Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes   BIOS Information    Vendor: Dell Inc.    Version: A05    Release Date: 08/03/2012    Address: 0xF0000
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