2023年专八听力minilecture真题及答案.doc

2023英语专业八级听力第一部分MINI-LECTURE

LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

Understanding Academic Lectures

Listening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students.
Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?
I. Understand all (1) ______________
A. words
B. (2) ______________
-stress
-intonation
-(3) ______________
II. Adding information
A. lecturers: sharing information with audience
B. listeners: (4) ______________
C. sources of information
-knowledge of (5) ______________
-(6) ______________ of the world
D. listening involving three steps:
-hearing
-(7) ______________
-adding
III. (8) ______________

A. reasons:
-overcome noise
-save time
B. (9) ______________
-content
-organization
IV. Evaluating while listening
A. helps to decide the (10) ______________ of notes
B. helps to remember information

答案：1. parts of meanings 2. sound/vocal features 3. rhythm 4. absorbing 5. subject 6. experience 7. reinterpreting 8. prediction 9. what to listen 10. Importance

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2023
ANSWER SHEET 1 (TEM8)
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
How to Reduce Stress
Life is full of things that cause us stress. Though we may not like stress, we have to live with it. I. Definition of stress A. (1) reaction (1) physical i.e. force exerted between two touching bodies B. human reaction
i.e. response to (2) on someone (2) a demand e.g. increase in breathing, heart rate, (3) (3) blood pressure or muscle tension
II. (4) (4) Category of stress A. positive stress
—where it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5) (5) a job B. negative stress
—where it occurs: test-taking situations, friend’s death III. Ways to cope with stress A. recognition of stress signals
—monitor for (6) of stress (6) signals —find ways to protect oneself B. attention to body demand
—effect of (7) (7) exercise and nutrition C. planning and acting appropriately — reason for planning —(8) of planning (8) result D. learning to (9) (9) accept —e.g. delay caused by traffic E. pacing activities
—manageable task —(10) (10) reasonable speed

2023
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
What Do Active Learners Do?
There are difference between active learning and passive learning.
Characteristics of active learners:
I. reading with purposes
A. before reading: setting goals
B. while reading: (1) ________
II. (2) ______ and critical in thinking
i.e. information processing, e.g.
-- connections between the known and the new information
-- identification of (3) ______ concepts
-- judgment on the value of (4) _____.
III. active in listening
A. ways of note-taking: (5) _______.
B. before note-taking: listening and thinking
IV. being able to get assistance
A. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) ______.
B. Reason 2: being able to predict study difficulties
V. being able to question information
A. question what they read or hear
B. evaluate and (7) ______.
VI. Last characteristic
A. attitude toward responsibility
-- active learners: accept
-- passive learners: (8) _______
B. attitude toward (9) ______
-- active learners: evaluate and change behaviour
-- passive learners: no change in approach
Relationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) ______.
Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.

参照答案：
1. checking their understanding
2. reflective on information
3. incomprehensible
4. what you read
5. organized
6. monitoring their understanding
7. differentiate
8. blame
9. performance
10. active learning
Section A Mini-lecture
或者
1、checking understanding。
2、reflective
3、puzzling/confusing
4、what is read
5、comprehensive and organized
6、constant understanding monitoring//monitoring their understanding
7、differ
8、blame others
9、poor performance
10、school work//studies

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Observation
People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.
Differences
---- daily life observation
--casual
--(1) ________
--dependence on memory

---- research observation
-- (2) _________
-- careful record keeping
B. Ways to select samples in research
---- time sampling
-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour
-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______
Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.
---- (4) _______
-- definition: selection of different locations
-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances
-- (6) ______: more objective observations
C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______
---- observation with intervention
-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant
-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions
---- observation without intervention
-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______
-- (10) ______ : no intervention
-- researcher: a passive recorder

1: rarely formal records 2: systematic objective manner 3: variable
4: situation sampling 5: vary 6: advantage 7: as it occurs 8: have more control 9: in natural setting 10: method Interview

2023
Classifications of Cultures
According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.
I. High-context culture A. feature
- context: more important than the message
- meaning: (1)__________
i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itself
B. examples
- personal space
- preference for (3)__________
- less respect for privacy / personal space
- attention to (4)___________
- concept of time
- belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time
- no concern for punctuality
- no control over time
II. Low-context culture
A. feature
- message: separate from context
- meaning: (6)___________
B. examples
- personal space
- desire / respect for individuality / privacy
- less attention to body language
- more concern for (7)___________
- attitude toward time
- concept of time: (8)____________
- dislike of (9)_____________
- time seen as commodity
III. Conclusion
Awareness of different cultural assumptions
- relevance in work and life
e.g. business, negotiation, etc.
- (10)_____________ in successful communication

1. apart from the message 2.what is happening 3.closeness 4.body language 5.multiple 6.in itself 7.the message itself 8.punctuality means everything 9.lateness 10.accounts
1. and significance
2. the context 或 what is doing 3. closeness to people 4. body language 5. polychronic 6. in itself
7. personal space 8. monochrome 9. lateness
10. multicultural situation

2023
Paralinguistic Features of Language
In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.
First category: vocal paralinguistic features
(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________
Examples
1. whispering: need for secrecy
2. breathiness: deep emotion
3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________
4. nasality: anxiety
5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy
Second category: physical paralinguistic features
facial expressions
(3)_______ (3)__________
----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome
less common expressions
----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest
----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________
gesture
gestures are related to culture.
British culture
----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________
----- scratching head: puzzlement
other cultures
----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________
----- pointing at nose: secret
proximity, posture and echoing
proximity: physical distance between speakers
----- closeness: intimacy or threat
----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________
Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________
posture
----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________
----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude
echoing
----- definition: imitation of similar posture
----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________
----- conscious imitation: mockery

1 tones of voice 2 huskiness 3 universal signal。 4 thought or uncertainty 5 indifference 6 honesty 7 distance。 8 situation。 9 mood。 10 unconsciously same posture

2023
Writing Experimental Reports
I. Content of an experimental report, e.g.
--- study subject/ area
--- study purpose
--- ____1____
II. Presentation of an experimental report
--- providing details
--- regarding readers as _____2_____
III. Structure of an experimental report
--- feature: highly structured and ____3____
--- sections and their content:
INTRODUCTION ____4____。 why you did it
METHOD how you did it
RESULT what you found out
____5____ what you think it shows
IV. Sense of readership
--- ____6____: reader is the marker
--- ____7____: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study
--- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:
introduction to relevant area
necessary background information
development of clear arguments
definition of technical terms
precise description of data ____8____
V. Demands and expectations in report writing
--- early stage:
understanding of study subject/area and its implications
basic grasp of the report's format
--- later stage:
____9____ on research significance
--- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:
Inadequate material
____10____ of research justification for the study

MINI-LECTURE
1. Study result/ findings 2. Audience 3. Disciplined 4. what you did 5. DISCUSSION 6. a common mistake 7. in reality 8. obtained / that you obtained 9. attention / foucs / emphasis 10.暂无

10.
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The Popularity of English
I. Present status of English
A. English as a native/first language
B. English as a lingua franca: a language for communication among people
whose (1)______ are different (1)_______
C. Number of people speaking English as a first or a second language:
— 320-380 million native speakers
— 250- (2) _____ million speakers of English as a second language (2)_______
II. Reasons for the popular use of English
A. (3) ____ reasons (3)_______
— the Pilgrim Fathers brought the language to America。
— British settlers brought the language to Australia。
— English was used as a means of control in (4)_____ (4)_______
B. Economic reasons
— spread of (5) _____ (5)_______
— language of communication iii the international business community
C. (6)______ in international travel (6)_______
— use of English in travel and tourism
— signs in airports
— language of announcement
— language of (7) ______ (7)_______
D. Information exchange
— use of English in the academic world
— language of (8) _____ or journal articles (8)_______
E. Popular culture
— pop music on (9)______ (9)_______
— films from the USA
III. Questions to think about
A. status of English in the future
B. (10) ______ of distinct varieties of English (10)_______

1. native language 2. 350 3. Historical 4. India 5. commerce 6. Boom 7. sea travel communication 8. conference 9. many radios 10. split
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What Can We Learn from Art?

I. Introduction

A. Differences between general history and art history

— Focus:

— general history: (1)_____

— art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc.

B. Significance of study

More information and better understanding of human society and civilization

II. Types of information

A. Information in history books is (2)_____

— facts, but no opinions

B. Information in art history is subjective

— (3)_____ and opinions

e.g. — Spanish painter's works: misuse of governmental power

— Mexican artists' works: attitudes towards social problems

III. Art as a reflection of religious beliefs

A. Europe: (4)_____ in pictures in churches

B. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palaces

Reason: human and (5)_____ are not seen as holy

C. Africa and the Pacific Islands: masks, headdresses and costumes in special ceremonies

Purpose: to seek the help of (6)_____ to protect crops, animals and people.

IV. Perceptions of Art

How people see art is related to their cultural background.

A. Europeans and Americans

— (7)_____

— expression of ideas

B. People in other places

— part of everyday life

— (8)_____ use

V. Art as a reflection of social changes

A. Cause of changes: (9)_____ of different cultures.

B. Changes

— tribal people: effects of (10)_____ on art forms

— European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works

— American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting

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Meaning in literatine

In reading literary works, we are concerned with the "meaning" of one literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue. There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.

I. Meaning is what intended by (1) ______________________________ is
Apart from reading an author's work in question, readers need to
1 )read (2) ____