液压常用密封元件参数化CAD图库设计.docx

机电工程学院

毕业设计说明书

设计题目: 液压常用密封元件参数化CAD图库设计

学生姓名：
学 号：
专业班级： 机制F0706
指导教师：
2011年5月18日
毕业设计（论文）任务书
1．本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的：
本题目是基于AutoCAD平台，应用AutoLISP等相关高级语言进行应用软件设计。密封元件是液压传动系统中应用量很大的辅助元件，其结构较复杂，品种多。在液压传动系统设计中绘图工作量较大。本软件的设计目的，就是使液压传动常用密封元件参数化，设计人员只需在程序引导下点选所需密封元件类型、规格，就可很快绘出相应密封元件视图，从而减轻设计人员劳动强度，提高设计效率。通过本设计可使学生在分析了解液压传动常用密封元件结构和应用高级语言进行计算机软件设计方面得到较全面的训练。
2．本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）：
1．技术要求：
在熟悉加工精度统计分析方法、初步具备用高级语言编程的能力的基础上，设计液压常用密封元件参数化CAD图库，软件设计要求：
（1）所绘制常用液压密封元件要符合国家标准；
（2）能选择绘制常用液压密封元件的三视图；
（3）要求人机交互界面友好，使用检索方便快捷。
2．工作要求：
（1）收集相关资料，了解常用液压密封元件参数化CAD图库软件发展现状；
（2）收集与本毕业设计相关的外文资料，翻译其中一篇；
（3）制订软件设计方案，进行方案论证，写出方案论证报告；
（4）设计液压常用液压密封元件参数化CAD图库软件；
（5）撰写毕业设计说明书。

目次
1 绪论 1
2 AutoCAD的二次开发 2
2.1 AutoCAD 二次开发的历史 2
2.2 AutoCAD 二次开发的现状 2
2.3 AutoCAD 二次开发的发展 3
2.4 AutoCAD 二次开发工具种类 3
3 CAD参数化设计技术 6
3.1参数化设计技术 6
3.2参数化设计的本质及意义 6
3.3参数化设计在CAD中的应用 6
4 液压密封元件参数化CAD图库系统开发 8
4.1概述 8
4.2开发流程 9
4.2.1用DCL编写用户对话框界面 9
4.2.2 SLD文件制作 10
4.2.3国标数据文件制作 10
4.2.4 LISP程序设计 11
4.2.5自定义并加载局部菜单 12
4.3程序的运行 13
4.4液压常用密封元件参数化CAD图库开发结论 16
5系统开发的优缺点及改进方向 17
谢辞 18
参考文献 19
附录1 20
附录2 53
附录3 55

1 绪论
2 AutoCAD的二次开发
软件AutoCAD可用多种方法进行二次开发，为AutoCAD二次开发者提供了巨大的方便。
2.4.1 AutoLISP
2.4.2 ADS
2.4.3 ObjectARX
2.4.4 Vlisp
2.4.5 VBA
图4-1-1 系统组成
4.2.1用户对话框界面设计
根据设计意图，编写用户对话框（程序代码见附录2），如图4-2-1所示。

图4-2-1a 用户对话框界面

图4-2-1b 用户对话框界面
4.2.2 SLD文件制作
4.2.3 国标数据文件制作
由于在用户对话框中显示的国标数据和内部绘图函数调用的数据在格式上不同因此把同样的数据分别做成两份格式不同的文件保存，以遍内部函数调用如图4-2-4

4-2-4 绘图程序调用的表文件
4.2.4 LISP程序设计

图4-2-5 主程序流程图
4.2.5 自定义并加载局部菜单
4.3 程序的运行

图4-3-1 自定义菜单

图4-3-2 液压密封元件参数化图库

图4-3-3 对话框响应用户动作界面

图4-3-4基点输入提示

图4-3-5 程序绘图

图4-3-6 动态定位提示
有时用户可能用户可能会误操作。此时，点击“确定”后会弹出AutoCAD信息对话框，如图4-3-7所示。

图4-3-7 信息提示
4.4液压常用密封元件参数化CAD图库开发结论
（1）、优点：
比较综合的运用了AutoLISP 语言中的赋值（SETQ），极坐标求点（POLAR），表的嵌套，选择集的处理函数（SSADD）,各种运算符（+ - * /），GET族函数等等。并且综合调用了AutoCAD中的画线（LINE PLINE）、画弧（ARC）、画圆（CIRCLE）、镜像（MIRROR）等命令。
（2）、缺点及改进方向
由于水平实在有限，加之时间仓促，程序中总会存在这样或那样的缺点与不足。主要有：程序中的参数化程度不够成熟，程序中的代码有重复和多余的部分，不够简洁，可读性有待提高。所以，在今后的改进中要增加一些算法，使参数化程度提高，精简代码，增加一些注释使可读性提高等等。
参考文献
附录1：Autolisp源程序代码
;;;***********************************主程序***************************************
(defun c:mftk ()
(setq gzlj "C:/Users/NYD/Desktop/程序/");定义工作路径
(setq dcl_id (load_dialog (strcat gzlj "mftk.dcl")));加载对话框文件
(if (not (new_dialog "mftk1" dcl_id ));打开主界面
(exit)
)
(dllist);向密封元件大类列表框中填内容

(action_tile "list_1" "(txlist2)");选择密封元件大类列表框中的内容切换夹具元件小类列表框中的内容
(action_tile "list_2" "(xssld1)") ;选择密封元件小类列表框中的内容在图像控件中显示幻灯片

(action_tile "button_xyb" "(cs1)") ;点选一个密封元件切换到该元件尺寸对话框

(action_tile "cancel" "(setq dell 0) (done_dialog 0)");按取消键关闭对话框

(start_dialog)
(unload_dialog dcl_id )

(fgxnyd)
)

;;;;-----------------------自定义带形参处理-------------------------------------------------

(defun cllbk (ck1 ck2) ;自定义处理列表框控件函数
(start_list ck1)
(mapcar 'add_list ck2)
(end_list) ;向夹具元件大类列表框中填内容
)

(defun txtc ( imagekey sldname);在图象控件中显示幻灯片

(setq x (dimx_tile imagekey) ;右下角
y (dimy_tile imagekey)) ;坐标点
(start_image imagekey)
(fill_image 4 4 (- x 10) (- y 10) 0) ;在现行激活框的图像控件上划一个填充矩形
(slide_image 4 4 (- x 10) (- y 10) sldname) ;在现行激活对话框图象控件上显示一个autocad的幻灯片
(end_image)
)

;;;;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;;;;--------------------------处理主对话框-------------------------------------------------

(defun dllist () ;向主对话夹具元件大类列表框中填内容
(setq mfyjdl '("密封圈" "油封" "垫片" )) ;密封元件大类
(cllbk "list_1" mfyjdl)

(setq mfqyj '("o型密封圈" "vd形橡胶密封圈a型" "vd形橡胶密封圈s型" "A型防尘圈"
"活塞杆用V型圈" "轴用Y形圈" "孔用Y形圈" "C型防尘圈"))
(cllbk "list_2" mfqyj)
(txtc "sld1" (strcat gzlj "11z"))

(setq dlbsz 1)
)

(defun txlist2 () ;向主对话框密封元件小类列表框中填内容

(setq mfqyj '("o型密封圈""vd形橡胶密封圈a型" "vd形橡胶密封圈s型" "A型防尘圈" "活塞杆用V型圈""轴用Y形圈" "孔用Y形圈" "C型防尘圈")) ;密封圈元件分类
(setq ydyj '("z形橡胶油封" "油封皮纸圈" "毡圈油封" )) ;油封元件分类
(setq dpyj '("平面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN0.25MPa" "平面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN0.6MPa"
"平面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN1.0MPa" "平面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN1.6MPa"
"平面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN2.0MPa"
"I型突面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN0.25MPa" "I型突面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN0.6MPa"
"I型突面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN1.0MPa" "I型突面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN1.6MPa"
"I型突面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN2.0MPa" "II型突面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN2.0MPa"
"I型突面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN2.5MPa" "I型突面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN4.0MPa"
"I型突面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN5.0MPa" "II型突面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN5.0MPa"
"凹凸面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN1.6MPa" "凹凸面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN2.5MPa"
"凹凸面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN4.0MPa""凹凸面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN5.0MPa"
"榫槽面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN1.6MPa" "榫槽面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN2.5MPa"
"榫槽面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN4.0MPa" "榫槽面管法兰用非金属平垫片PN5.0MPa")) ;垫片元件分类
(setq dlbsz 1)
(setq dlbsz (+ 1(atoi (get_tile "list_1" ))))
(cond
((= dlbsz 1)(cllbk "list_2" mfqyj)) ;向密封元件小类列表框中填密封圈元件分类内容
((= dlbsz 2)(cllbk "list_2" ydyj)) ;向密封元件小类列表框中填油封元件分类内容
((= dlbsz 3)(cllbk "list_2" dpyj)) ;向密封元件小类列表框中填垫片元件分类内容
)

)

(defun xssld1 () ;选择密封元件名，向图像控件中填相应幻灯片

(setq xlbsz (+ 1(atoi (get_tile "list_2" ))))
(setq dlbszh (rtos dlbsz 2 0) xlbszh (rtos xlbsz 2 0)) ;将十进制格式数转换成字符串
(setq yjxh (strcat dlbszh xlbszh)) ;将多个字符串拼接成一个长字符串后返回。

(setq yjsldmb '(("11" "11z")
("12" "12z")
("13" "13z")
("14" "14z")
("15" "15z")
("16" "16z")
("17" "17z")
("18" "18z")
("21" "21z")
("22" "22z")
("23" "23z")
("31" "31z")
("32" "32z")
("33" "33z")
("34" "34z")
("35" "35z")
("36" "36z")
("37" "37z")
("38" "38z")
("39" "39z")
("310" "310z")
("311" "311z")
("312" "312z")
("313" "313z")
("314" "314z")
("315" "315z")
("316" "316z")
("317" "317z")
("318" "318z")
("319" "319z")
("320" "320z")
("321" "321z")
("322" "322z")
("323" "323z")

)) ;“xx”前x表示大类中第x项，后x表示小类中第x项

(setq yjsldm (strcat gzlj (car(cdr (assoc yjxh yjsldmb)))));获取幻灯片文件路径
(txtc "sld1" yjsldm)
)

;;;;--------------------------以上主对话框相关控制-----------------------------------------

(defun cs1();处理子对话框
(if (not (new_dialog "mftk2" dcl_id ))
(exit)
)

(setq sth 1)(mode_tile "button_st1" 2);sth表示视图号 1即视图1 mode_tile设置该对话框控件聚焦
(setq sth2 1)(mode_tile "button_st4" 2);sth2表示标注项 4即无标注 mode_tile设置该对话框控件聚焦
(setq st 0)
(cond
((= yjxh "12")(setq st 1))
((= yjxh "13")(setq st 1))
((= yjxh "14")(setq st 1))
((= yjxh "15")(setq st 1))
((= yjxh "16")(setq st 1))
((= yjxh "17")(setq st 1))
((= yjxh "18")(setq st 1))
((= yjxh "21")(setq st 1))
)
(mode_tile "button_st2" st);视图2禁用
(mode_tile "button_st3" 1) ;视图3禁用
(xssld2);显示幻灯片
(xsgbcc);在列表中显示国标尺寸
(action_tile "list_21" "(jinggao)");选取尺寸警告
(action_tile "button_st1" "(setq sth 1)(xssld2)");点选单选按钮切换三图
(action_tile "button_st2" "(setq sth 2)(xssld2)");
(action_tile "button_st3" "(setq sth 3)(xssld2)");
(action_tile "button_st4" "(setq sth2 1)");点选单选按钮切换是否标注尺寸
(action_tile "button_st5" "(setq sth2 2)");
(action_tile "cancel" " (setq dell 0) (done_dialog 0)");按取消键关闭对话框
(action_tile "accept" "(jinggao2) ") ;启动绘图
(start_dialog)

)

;;;;--------------------------子对话框处理函数----------------------------------------

(defun xssld2 () ;向子对话框图像控件中填相应幻灯片
(setq yjstsldmb '(("11" "" "111" "112" "113")
("12" "" "121" "122" "123")
("13" "" "131" "132" "133")
("14" "" "141" "142" "143")
("15" "" "151" "152" "153")
("16" "" "161" "162" "163")
("17" "" "171" "172" "173")
("18" "" "181" "182" "183")
("21" "" "211" "212" "213")
("22" "" "221" "222" "223")
("23" "" "231" "232" "233")
("31" "" "311" "312" "313")
("32" "" "321" "322" "323")
("33" "" "331" "332" "333")
("34" "" "341" "342" "343")
("35" "" "351" "352" "353")
("36" "" "361" "362" "363")
("37" "" "371" "372" "373")
("38" "" "381" "382" "383")
("39" "" "391" "392" "393")
("310" "" "3101" "3102" "3103")
("311" "" "3111" "3112" "3113")
("312" "" "3121" "3122" "3123")
("313" "" "3131" "3132" "3133")
("314" "" "3141" "3142" "3143")
("315" "" "3151" "3152" "3153")
("316" "" "3161" "3162" "3163")
("317" "" "3171" "3172" "3173")
("318" "" "3181" "3182" "3183")
("319" "" "3191" "3192" "3193")
("320" "" "3201" "3202" "3203")
("321" "" "3211" "3212" "3213")
("322" "" "3221" "3222" "3223")
("323" "" "3231" "3232" "3233")

)) ;xyz其中x表示大类元件中第x项 y表示小类元件中第y项 z表示视图z

(setq yjstsldm (strcat gzlj (nth sth (cdr (assoc yjxh yjstsldmb)))))
(txtc "sld2" yjstsldm)
)

(defun jinggao ();;选取尺寸警告

(setq chucuo(strcat "请选择国标尺寸!"))
(setq ccz (+ 1(atoi (get_tile "list_21" ))))
(cond ((= ccz 1)(alert chucuo)))
(cond ((/= ccz 1)(dqgbcc)))

)

(defun jinggao2 ();;选取尺寸警告

(setq chucuo(strcat "请选择国标尺寸!"))
(setq ccz (+ 1(atoi (get_tile "list_21" ))))
(cond ((= ccz 1)(alert chucuo)))
(cond ((/= ccz 1)(term_dialog)(setq dell 1)))
)

;;;;****************选定元件尺寸参数************************************************

(defun xsgbcc () ;在列表中显示国标尺寸

(setq shujukus '(("11" "11.txt" "11n.txt")
("12" "12.txt" "12n.txt")
("13" "13.txt" "13n.txt")
("14" "14.txt" "14n.txt")
("15" "15.txt" "15n.txt")
("16" "16.txt" "16n.txt")
("17" "17.txt" "17n.txt")
("18" "18.txt" "18n.txt")
("21" "21.txt" "21n.txt")
("22" "22.txt" "22n.txt")
("23" "23.txt" "23n.txt")
("31" "31.txt" "31n.txt")
("32" "32.txt" "32n.txt")
("33" "33.txt" "33n.txt")
("34" "34.txt" "34n.txt")
("35" "35.txt" "35n.txt")
("36" "36.txt" "36n.txt")
("37" "37.txt" "37n.txt")
("38" "38.txt" "38n.txt")
("39" "39.txt" "39n.txt")
("310" "310.txt" "310n.txt")
("311" "311.txt" "311n.txt")
("312" "312.txt" "312n.txt")
("313" "313.txt" "313n.txt")
("314" "314.txt" "314n.txt")
("315" "315.txt" "315n.txt")
("316" "316.txt" "316n.txt")
("317" "317.txt" "317n.txt")
("318" "318.txt" "318n.txt")
("319" "319.txt" "319n.txt")
("320" "320.txt" "320n.txt")
("321" "321.txt" "321n.txt")
("322" "322.txt" "322n.txt")
("323" "323.txt" "323n.txt")
)
) ;XY 其中x表示大类元件中第x项 y表示小类元件中第y项

(setq shujuku (strcat gzlj (car(cdr (assoc yjxh shujukus)))))

(setq tmplst nil)
(setq fn (open shujuku "r")) ;打开文件
(while (setq gg (read-line fn)) ;读文件
(setq tmplst (append tmplst (list gg)))
)
(close fn)

(setq tmplst tmplst);其余表项存入标准元件尺寸表
(cllbk "list_21" tmplst)

)

(defun dqgbcc() ;*****读取国标尺寸*****
(setq shujukun (strcat gzlj (nth 1 (cdr (assoc yjxh shujukus)))))

(setq tmplstn nil)
(setq fnn (open shujukun "r")) ;打开文件
(while (setq gg (read-line fnn)) ;读文件
(setq gg (read gg))
(setq tmplstn (append tmplstn (list gg)))
)
(close fnn)

(setq mmm1(- (atoi (get_tile "list_21" )) 1))
(setq mmm (nth mmm1 tmplstn)) ;把检索到的参数存到变量mmm中

)

;;;;*********************根据选择内容绘图**********************************

(defun fgxnyd () ;判断是否启动绘图函数
(cond ((= dell 1)(fgxnyd1)))
)

(defun fgxnyd1 () ;绘图主函数

(defun dtr(a) ;角度转换弧度函数
(* a (/ pi 180.0))
)
(setq layer_name (tblsearch "layer" "粗实线层")) ;检查及设置图层
(if (= layer_name nil)
(command "layer" "n" "粗实线层" "c" 7 "粗实线层" "lw" "0.3" "粗实线层" "")
)
(setq layer_name (tblsearch "layer" "细实线层"))
(if (= layer_name nil)
(command "layer" "n" "细实线层" "c" 7 "细实线层" "lw" "0.1" "细实线层" "")
)
(setq layer_name (tblsearch "layer" "中心线层"))
(if (= layer_name nil)
(command "layer" "m" "中心线层" "c" 1 "" "lw" "0.1" "中心线层" "l" "center" "" "")
)
(setq layer_name (tblsearch "layer" "标注线层"))
(if (= layer_name nil)
(command "layer" "n" "标注线层" "c" 3 "标注线层" "lw" "0.1" "标注线层" "")
)

(setq nyd (nth sth (cdr (assoc yjxh yjstsldmb))));判断要启动的绘图之程序
(cond
((= nyd "111")(x111)) ((= nyd "112")(x112)) ((= nyd "113")(x113))
((= nyd "121")(x121)) ((= nyd "122")(x122)) ((= nyd "123")(x123))
((= nyd "131")(x131)) ((= nyd "132")(x132)) ((= nyd "133")(x133))
((= nyd "141")(x141)) ((= nyd "142")(x142)) ((= nyd "143")(x143))
((= nyd "151")(x151)) ((= nyd "152")(x152)) ((= nyd "153")(x153))
((= nyd "161")(x161)) ((= nyd "162")(x162)) ((= nyd "163")(x163))
((= nyd "171")(x171)) ((= nyd "172")(x172)) ((= nyd "173")(x173))
((= nyd "181")(x181)) ((= nyd "182")(x182)) ((= nyd "183")(x183))

((= nyd "211")(x211)) ((= nyd "212")(x212)) ((= nyd "213")(x213))
((= nyd "221")(x221)) ((= nyd "222")(x222)) ((= nyd "223")(x223))
((= nyd "231")(x231)) ((= nyd "232")(x232)) ((= nyd "233")(x233))

((= nyd "311")(x311)) ((= nyd "312")(x312)) ((= nyd "313")(x313))
((= nyd "321")(x321)) ((= nyd "322")(x322)) ((= nyd "323")(x323))
((= nyd "331")(x331)) ((= nyd "332")(x332)) ((= nyd "333")(x333))
((= nyd "341")(x341)) ((= nyd "342")(x342)) ((= nyd "343")(x343))
((= nyd "351")(x351)) ((= nyd "352")(x352)) ((= nyd "353")(x353))
((= nyd "361")(x361)) ((= nyd "362")(x362)) ((= nyd "363")(x363))
((= nyd "371")(x371)) ((= nyd "372")(x372)) ((= nyd "373")(x373))
((= nyd "381")(x381)) ((= nyd "382")(x382)) ((= nyd "383")(x383))
((= nyd "391")(x391)) ((= nyd "392")(x392)) ((= nyd "393")(x393))
((= nyd "3101")(x3101)) ((= nyd "3102")(x3102)) ((= nyd "3103")(x3103))
((= nyd "3111")(x3111)) ((= nyd "3112")(x3112)) ((= nyd "3113")(x3113))
((= nyd "3121")(x3121)) ((= nyd "3122")(x3122)) ((= nyd "3123")(x3123))
((= nyd "3131")(x3131)) ((= nyd "3132")(x3132)) ((= nyd "3133")(x3133))
((= nyd "3141")(x3141)) ((= nyd "3142")(x3142)) ((= nyd "3143")(x3143))
((= nyd "3151")(x3151)) ((= nyd "3152")(x3152)) ((= nyd "3153")(x3153))
((= nyd "3161")(x3161)) ((= nyd "3162")(x3162)) ((= nyd "3163")(x3163))
((= nyd "3171")(x3171)) ((= nyd "3172")(x3172)) ((= nyd "3173")(x3173))
((=