HazardRecognitionAndRiskAnalysisTrainingNC危险源辨识和风险评价剖析.pptx

Hazard Recognition and Risk Analysis危险源辨识和风险评价危险源辨识和风险评价2Safety&Administration安全与管理nFire Escape Routen火灾逃生路线nGathering Placen聚集的地方nRoom Hazardsn客房危害nRestroom Locationsn厕所位置nFood 餐饮nBreaks休息nCell Phones&Pagers手机和寻呼机nMaterials物料3Question问题 “What are we doing,that we have always done,that is no longer an acceptable risk?”我们正在做什么？我已经做了什么？什么不再是可接受的风险？4Dedication贡献This training is dedicated to all employees who have suffered disabling injuries and to the memory of employees who died in workplace injuries.本次培训是专门为所有遭受伤残的员工和死在工作伤害的员工的记忆。5Learning Objectives学习目标After completing this training you will be able to:完成这个培训后你能够做完成这个培训后你能够做nDiscuss personal risk tolerance,what influences our decisions and how to assess what is acceptable risk讨论个人风险承受力，什么会影响我们的决定，如何评估什么是可接受的风险nIdentify safety and health hazard types associated with a given job task 对指定的工作任务识别健康安全危险种类nApply risk reduction methods and equip you with a tool to analyze risk assessment to keep you safern采用风险降低方法，装备自己用工具来分析风险评价来确保安全6Definitions定义nHazard Recognition Recognizing a condition or behavior that can cause harmn危险识别-识别可能造成伤害的条件或行为Risk Analysis Analyzing the probability and severity of risk in order to reduce the chance that harm will occurn分析-分析风险概率和严重程度，以减少危害发生的可能性7Injuries:A Matter of Probabilities伤害：概率的问题Wheel chocks not in place at rear wheels of trailerLift truck is driven into truck trailer and trailer movesDriver jumps to the ground and sprains his ankleDriver jumps to the ground and breaks his legTruck Trailer Moves,driver jumps to the ground and lift truck rolls over him30,000HAZARDS危险Unsafe Acts不安全的行为 Unsafe Conditions不安全的状况3,000NEAR-MISSES OR FIRST AID未遂事件或急救300INJURIES REQUIRING MEDICAL ATTENTION损伤需要医疗照顾损伤需要医疗照顾30 LOST-TIME INJURIES损失损失工时伤害工时伤害1FATAL致命8Why is Risk Analysis and Reduction Important?为什么风险分析和减少重要？nWhat are some examples of occupational injuries and illnesses that you have seen?n举一些你见到的职业伤害和疾病的例子？nWhat were the impacts of those injuriesn那些伤害的影响是什么？nOn the employee?对于员工？nTo his/her family?对于他的家庭？nTo his/her co-workers?对于他的同事nTo the business?对于商业？9Personal Risk Tolerance个人风险承受力How do we decide what is risky?我们如何决定什么风险等级 Lets look at examples of activities and rate the risk level of each activity.让我们来看活动例子，并评定每个活动的风险水平。10What is your personal risk perception ofthe following activities?Low1234High51.Bungee jumping2.Sunbathing3.Traveling by plane4.Mountain biking5.Traveling overseas6.Driving without a seat belt7.Smoking8.Skiing9.Skateboarding10.Driving at 10 miles per hour over the speed limit11.Disagreeing with your spouse(or significant other)Whats Your Personal Risk Tolerance?什么是个人风险承受能力11Factors That Influence Our Decisions影响我们决定的因素nPersonal Factorsn个人因素个人因素nExperience 经验（积极。消极）(Positive/negative)nKnowledge/Skill知识，技能nAge年龄nPhysical Ability体能Situational Factorsn情境因素情境因素nStress压力nRushing冲nControl控制nOrganizational Factors组织因素组织因素nSafety System安全系统nLeadership Behaviorsn领导行为nPeer Behaviors同事行为12Personal Factors个人因素What personal beliefs would motivate someone do this?什么样的个人信念驱动人去做？13nSafety Systems安全系统nAre systems in place to encourage people to do the job with minimal risk?n系统是否到位鼓励员工来工作以最小的风险nLeadership Behaviors领导行为nAre at-risk,time-saving actions accepted?n风险，节省时间的行为是否接受？nPeer Behaviors同事行为nDo our co-workers encourage at risk behavior?n我们的同事是否鼓励在风险的行为？Our Actions Are Driven By Organizational Beliefs我们的行动是由组织信仰推动的14Organizational Factors组织因素What is in the safety system that would allow this?安全系统里面的什么允许这样？15The Social Environment&Cultural Resistance to Change社会环境和文化阻力变化“Safety slows a job down”安全让工作变慢安全让工作变慢PPE is PPE is uncomfortableuncomfortablePPEPPE不舒服不舒服不舒服不舒服I feel comfortable doing this and have I feel comfortable doing this and have done it this way a thousand times beforedone it this way a thousand times before我这样做感到舒服，之前我已经这样做了上我这样做感到舒服，之前我已经这样做了上我这样做感到舒服，之前我已经这样做了上我这样做感到舒服，之前我已经这样做了上千次千次千次千次16Risk Perception风险认知nWe perceive risk differentlynMany factors influence our decisionnBy understanding our risk tolerance and personal/organizational factors,we can prevent injuriesn我们认知风险不同n许多因素影响我们的决定n通过了解我们的风险承受能力和个人/组织因素，我们可以防止受伤17Objective Reasoning vs.Personal Opinion客观推理与个人意见Use the risk assessment matrix instead of relying on one persons assessment of what is“risky”使用的风险评估矩阵而不是依靠一个人的经验评估风险18Accessing Acceptable Risk访问可接受的风险nProbability可能性nUnlikely not likely to occur nLikely may occurnVery likely near certain to occurn不可能的-不可能发生n可能的-可能发生n很可能-接近一定会发生nSeverity严重性nMarginal Minor Injury or First Aid nCritical Injury or Lost Time InjurynCatastrophic Death or Permanent Disabilityn边际-轻微伤害或急救n严重-伤害或损失工时事故n灾难性的-死亡或永久伤残 19Using the Risk Analysis tool to determine risk使用风险分析工具来确定风险PROBABILITYUnlikelyLikely Very LikelyMarginal112Critical123Catastrophic233SEVERITYThe intersection of PROBABILITY and SEVERITY in the chart above equals the Risk Code.Risk Code 1-Proceed with cautionRisk Code 2-Further evaluation/consultation should be considered.Risk Code 3-STOP-Determine an alternative solution20PROBABILITY可能性可能性Unlikely不可能不可能Likely可能Very Likely很可能Marginal边缘边缘112Critical严严重重123Catastrophic灾难性233SEVERITY严重性The intersection of PROBABILITY and SEVERITY in the chart above equals the Risk Code.上述表格中可能性和严重性的交集等于风险代码。Risk Code 1-Proceed with caution 请谨请谨慎操作慎操作Risk Code 2-Further evaluation/consultation should be considered.进进一步的一步的评评估估/磋商磋商应应予以考予以考虑虑。Risk Code 3-STOP-Determine an alternative solution确定一个替代解决方案确定一个替代解决方案21What Risk Code Would You Assign?你会指定什么风险码？22Identifying Hazards识别危险源nIdentify hazards before starting a task:在开始任务之前识别危险源nWhat is involved in this task that can hurt me or my co-workers?n这个任务中的什么可以伤害我或我的同事？nHow can I/we keep from being hurt while performing this task?n当我执行任务时，如何可以使我们不收伤害？nTypes of Hazardsn危险的类型nUnsafe conditions n不安全状况 nUnsafe acts(behaviors)n不安全行为（行为）23Assessing the Risks评价风险nSurroundings周边环境nWork,equipment and tools工作，设备，工具nLikelihood and extent of harm what is the risk code?n可能性和危害的程度-什么是风险代码？24Developing a Safe Solution or Plan开发一个安全的解决方案或计划 nCan I eliminate the hazard?我可以消除危险？nCan I minimize the risks?我可以最大限度地减少风险？nDo I need help?我是否需要帮助吗？nIs there a better time to do the work?n有没有更好的时间做的工作？nDo others need to be informed?n别人需要通知？nWhat specific PPE and tools are required?n有什么具体的PPE和工具是必需的？nIs there a JSA or reliable method/procedure I need to review?n有没有JSA 或可靠的方法，程序需要重新审查？25What is the Safe Solution?安全解决方案是什么？Decide if someone could be immediately injured.确定是否有人能？立即受伤。nIf it is an emergency(Risk Code greater than 1)n如果它是一个紧急情况（风险码大于1）nTalk to your supervisor and reach agreement on how to get the issue fixed as quickly as possible.n与你的上司交谈，并达成共识在如何尽快解决问题。nIf it is NOT an emergency.如果不是紧急情况.。26Not Sure of a Safe Process to Use?nWork together to develop a safe solution 一共工作来开发出安全解决方案n If the risk is beyond“Marginal”in severity and“Likely”or“Unlikely”to occur I need to contact my supervisor and/or the safety departmentn如果风险在严重度和发生可能性方面超越边缘，我需要联系我的管理者和安全部门nShare my concerns discuss at post-outage meetings,team meetings,etc.n分享我的忧虑-在输出会议上，团队会议上讨论nAct safely安全的行动nFollow your solution/plan跟进你的解决方案和计划27Lets Try the Process!让我们尝试过程！nForm teams组见团队nSelect one of the six examples on the following slides 选择后面PPT中的六个例子的一个nView the picture and then看图然后nIdentify the hazards识别危险源nAssess the risks评估风险nDevelop a safe solution or plan 开发安全解决方案或计划nReport back to the group in 10 minutesn在10分钟内汇报给小组28Example 3例子329Example 1例子130Example 2例子231Example 4例子432Example 5 例子533Team Report Out 团队报告输出nWhat hazards did you identify?n识别出什么样的危险源？nWhat risk assessment code did you identify for those hazards?n你识别这些危险源的风险评价代码？nWhat safe solutions or plans did you come up with?n你拿出什么样安全解决方案或计划？34Review:Before and After评论：之前和之后nPrior to performing a task yourself执行工作任务之前nRecognize 识别-What is involved in this job that can hurt me or my co-workers?什么可以伤害我和我的同事？nReduce-How can I/we keep from being hurt while doing this job?n减少-当我们工作时，如何才能不受到伤害？nAfter performing a task ask each othern执行任务后互相询问nWhat was your assessment of the situation?情况的评价是什么？nWhat risks you identified?你识别出什么风险？nWhat were the identified controls?识别出的控制措施是什么？nWhat can be shared with others?什么可以与他人互相分享？nShare learnings at post outage meetings,team meetings,etc.n在输出会议，团队会议分享学习经验Participate in injury prevention activities on and off the job参加伤害预防活动工作中和工作后参加伤害预防活动工作中和工作后35Injury Prevention Activities伤害预防活动nJSAs/Procedures岗位安全分析/程序nEngineering/Design工程设计nTraining训练nHousekeeping家政nInspections/Audits检查/审核nSafety meetings 安全会议36What About the Hazards You Cant Control?什么样的危险源你不能控制 37What About the Workplace Processes that Have Specific Controls?什么样的工作场所程序有特定的控制措施？38Learning Objectives-How Did We Do?学习目标-我们是如何做到的？After completing this training you will be able to:Discuss personal risk tolerance,what influences our decisions and how to assess what is acceptable risk讨论个人的风险承受能力，什么会影响我们的决策，如何评估什么是可接受的风险Identify safety and health hazard types associated with a given job task 找出与指定工作任务相关的安全健康危害的类型Apply risk reduction methods to keep you safer应用降低风险的方法，让你更安全39Summary and Evaluation总结和评价nAsk for input请输入nComplete class evaluation完成评估