雅思大作文写作(课堂PPT).ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,IELTS Writing,Sunny Gao,1,Chapter 1,预备知识,Work in pairs to decide whether these statements about IELTS are true or false.,1.Grammar is the most important assessment criteria in writing.,2.IELTS Examiners can tell when someone is giving a memorized answer.,3.IELTS and TOEFL both use examiners to assess writing and speaking.,4.Your IELTS score in China will vary depending on which city you take the test.,5.IELTS scores are carefully monitored and many are double checked.,F,T,T,F,T,2,2025/4/1 周二,Chapter 1,预备知识,学术类雅思写作考试内容,类别,官方建议时间,字数,题材,学术类,Task 1,20,min,150,字以上,图表作文,学术类,Task,2,40 min,250,字以上,议论文或报告,3,2025/4/1 周二,Task 2,议论文两种形式,Argumentation 80%,1.,题目给出一方观点（反方观点隐含），问,Do you agree or disagree?,To what extent do you agree or disagree?,例：,In order to learn a language well,we should learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it.To what extent do you agree or disagree?,2.,题目中给出双方观点，要求分析正反方观点后做出结论,Some say Others argue that What is your opinion?,Discuss both views and give your opinion.,Express some reasons for both views and give your opinion.,Do you think its advantages outweigh the disadvantages?,4,2025/4/1 周二,Task 2,中报告,Report,，出现概率为,20%,题目中没有观点，只给出一种现象，让考生分析该现象的,causes,solutions,effects.,通常题目的标志词为,What are,？,例子：,Today,there are more images of disasters and violence in the media.What are the causes and what are your solutions?,5,2025/4/1 周二,雅思写作评分标准,6,2025/4/1 周二,TRTask response,TA-Task achievement,CCCoherence and Cohesion,LRLexical resource,GRGrammatical range and accuracy,雅思写作评分标准,7,2025/4/1 周二,IELTS TASK 2 Writing band descriptors,Band,Task Achievement,Coherence and Cohesion,Lexical Resource,Grammatical Range and Accuracy,7,6,5,8,2025/4/1 周二,Task Achievement,9,2025/4/1 周二,Coherence and Cohesion,10,2025/4/1 周二,Lexical Resource,11,2025/4/1 周二,Grammatical Range and Accuracy,12,2025/4/1 周二,Comments on Sample Script 2(International Tourism),Band 7,TA:The candidate addresses both aspects of the task and presents a clear position throughout the response.Main ideas are generally clear and relevant,although some supporting ideas lack focus(as in the opening of paragraph 2).,CC:Ideas are generally well-organised,and there is a clear overall progression with only minor lapses where points are not well-integrated into the argument.A range of cohesive devices is used effectively,although there is some under-use of connectives and substitution,and some lapses in the use of referencing.,LR:A good range of vocabulary is used with some flexibility and precision.The candidate has a good awareness of style and collocation,although occasional awkward expressions or inappropriacies in word choice and word form limit the rating.,GRA:Likewise,a good range of sentence structures is used with a high level of accuracy resulting in frequent error-free sentences.Minor systematic errors persist,however,and punctuation is unhelpful at times,13,2025/4/1 周二,Comments on Sample Script 3(International Tourism),Band 5,TA:The input material is directly copied as an introduction to this response,and once this is deducted from the word count,the response is under-length at 194 words and so loses marks.Nevertheless,the topic is addressed and a relevant position is expressed,although there are patches(as in third paragraph)where the development is unclear.Other ideas are more evidently relevant,but are sometimes insufficiently developed.These ideas are clearly organised and there is an overall progression within the response.,CC:There is some effective use of a range of cohesive devices,including referencing,but there is also some mechanical over-use of linkers in places.Paragraphs are sometimes rather too short and inappropriate.,LR:A range of vocabulary is attempted and this is adequate for a good response to the task.However,control is weak,and there are frequent spelling errors which can cause some difficulties for the reader,thus keeping the rating down for the lexical criterion.,GRA:The candidate uses a mix of simple and complex structures with frequent subordinate clauses.Control of complex structures is variable,and although errors are noticeable,they only rarely impede understanding of the message,14,2025/4/1 周二,Practice,剑桥雅思,7 P169,请判断考官是怎样给这份试卷打出,5,分的？,评分标准,考官评语,对应评分标准描述,得分,评分标准,Task response,Coherence,&Cohesion,Lexical Resource,Grammatical,Range and Accuracy,其他,Under length/,Off-topic/,Illegible,15,2025/4/1 周二,评分标准,考官评语,对应评分标准描述,得分,评分标准,TR,It does not address all parts of the question,Addresses the task only partially,5,C&C,正评价,(6,分）,+there is also a lot of repetition,due to inadequate use of referencing and substitution,may,be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution,5.5,LR,The high,level of repetition indicates limitations in range of vocabulary,Uses a limited range of vocabulary,5,GRA,The answer includes,attempts at complex sentence forms,but,+,正评价,nevertheless,there are examples of accurate complex structures,（,6,分）,Attempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate,5.5,其他,Less than 250 words,扣,0.5,总分,（,5+5.5+5+5.5,）,/4=5.25,5.5,5.5-0.5=5,16,2025/4/1 周二,其他预备知识,1.,格式：不用抄题目，齐头格式,2.,缩写：不要使用,were,cant,dont,等缩写，应使用正式文体，可以使用全球通用首字母缩写，如,NBA,KFC,WTO,等，国内通用的不可以写，如,CET-4,3.,数字：十以下数字用英语单词表示,4.,标点符号：,、,“,Avatar”,，,and so on,5.I,My,We,You,的使用,17,2025/4/1 周二,6.,美式和英式拼写,-re,与,er,centercentre theater-theatre,-our,与,or,colorfulcolourful laborlabour,-ise,-isation,与,ize,-ization,realizerealise organizationorganisation,-ce,与,-se,licenselicence defensedefence,英式在美式拼写中被简化,programme-program traveller-traveler,其他预备知识,18,2025/4/1 周二,雅思写作流程,5+33+2,5,分钟构思，写提纲（写作观点，,2,个主要论据，,1,个例子）,33,分钟写作,2,分钟检查,语法：主谓一致，标点,词汇：用同义词和代词（,it,them),替换重复过多的单词,逻辑：是否需要在句子中添加,therefore,moreover,in contrast,等,linking words,19,2025/4/1 周二,练习：请利用在本节课学到的内容找出下面句子的错误。,1.,下面的句子从写作风格看存在什么问题？,Mobile phones are so important to our lives.Everyone should use mobile phones!,2.,请在下面的两个句子中间加上一个恰当的连接词将其改写为复杂句：,Air pollution is increasingly serious.Measures should be taken to tackle this problem.,3.,请迅速找出下面句子里的拼写错误：,The color scheme of this design is not very organi,s,ed.,4.,请找出下面句子的非正式词汇并替换：,Lots of rivers and lakes have been severely polluted.,5.,请改写下面句子中的词汇使其用词更正式：,The crime rate in cities is higher and higher,so the advantages of these security measures are more than disadvantages.,20,2025/4/1 周二,Chapter 2,语法与从句,考官最敏感的三大语法错误,可数名词单数孤立出现。,请判断下列翻译是否正确：,“狗是朋友。,”,Dog is friend.,Dogs are friends.,A dog is a friend.,The dog is a friend.,21,2025/4/1 周二,主谓不一致,The growing use of computers_causing enormous changes in work.(be),Watching TV and playing computer games _one of the most important childrens leisure activities.(be),How we can cope with these problems _an interesting issue.(be),逗号不能连接两个独立的句子,。,is,is,are,22,2025/4/1 周二,练习：,请找出下列句子的语法错误（每句仅有一个错误）,1.Allow employees to work from home can help employers to reduce costs.,2.Because many parents do not spend enough time with their children.,3.Some companies have plans to replace for their human workers with robots.,4.The Internet is a useful educational tool,spending too much time online is harmful to children.,Allowing-Allowing,删掉,Because,删掉,for,Although the,23,2025/4/1 周二,5.The results of space research has also increased our knowledge about our own planet.,6.An ageing population means an increased tax burden for worked adults.,7.Students are expected to sit quietly and pay attention on their teacher.,8.They argue that,large cities offer a higher standard of living.,9.These activities can improve students foreign language skills.,has-have,worked-working,on-to,删掉，,studentsstudents,24,2025/4/1 周二,复合句的写作,1.,什么是复合句？,I love you.,I love you,and you love me.,I love you that you love me.,简单句,并列句,and/or/but,复合句,25,2025/4/1 周二,复合句是不是越多越好？,剑桥雅思,考官范文平均每篇,12,句话,简单句,2,句,并列句,2,句,从句,8,句,平实,通顺,简单句、并列句和基础的复杂句,易懂,把意思表达清楚,不长也不难,不要让考官数词数到手软,26,2025/4/1 周二,高分复合句,1.,宾语从句,Many people believe,that,we have developed into a“throw-away society”.,This means,that,change is not always a personal option,but an inescapable fact of life,.,While there are both benefits and drawbacks to a multicultural society,it is safe to say,that,the pros out weigh the cons.,Traditionally,the approach has been to punish criminals by placing them in prisons to pay for,what,they have done,.,27,2025/4/1 周二,2.,状语从句,If,引导的条件状语从句,如果学生想知道具体的职业信息，他们无需坐在教室里就可以得到。,如果一个人失去工作仍能获得帮助，或者一个少数民族仍能够获得和其他人一样的成功机会，那我们才可以说这个国家是进步的。,If a student wants to learn about,job-specific,information,they do not need to sit in a classroom to get it.,If a person loses a job but get assistance,or a minority still has an equal opportunity of success,then we can say this country is advanced.,28,2025/4/1 周二,While,引导的让步状语从句,尽管经济的进步使我们的生活变得舒适，但同时也使社会在财富分配中产生了两极分化。,尽管传统建筑外观美观，但通常内部使用起来却并不是很方便。,While the economic development has made our life more comfortable,it has also,polarized,the society in the distribution of wealth.,While traditional buildings might look nice from the outside,they are often not very,user-friendly.,29,2025/4/1 周二,3.,定语从句,who,引导，修饰“人”,Those who feel that sports stars salaries are justified,might argue that the professionals with real talent are very few.,Student without teachers will surely be lost;but,students who simply rely on teachers for knowledge,are not really learning.,Children,who enter school at an early age,are generally more confident and independent than children,who stay at home with their parents.,30,2025/4/1 周二,that,引导，修饰“物”,如何处置罪犯是所有国家和社会都需要面临的问题。,原本需要人工花费数月时间完成的工作现在可以由机器人在几分钟内毫无瑕疵的完成。,How to handle criminals is a problem that all countries and societies face.,The workload that could take months to finish by manual labor now could be done flawlessly by robots in minutes.,逗号加,which,引导非限制性定语从句,If fuel prices go up,either fewer people will drive or people will drive less,which makes sense for reducing pollution.,Demand for various commodities creates a huge market for the local and international businesses,which in turn increases demand for the labor market.,31,2025/4/1 周二,4.,主语从句,whether,引导的主语从句,Whether is a controversial issue/has caused a heated debate.,it,引导的主语从句,It is obvious that,what,引导主语从句,+not but,What,most companies and workforces need are,not,robots,but,creative people who can contribute ideas.,What,the poor countries need most is,not,money,but,advanced technologies and talent in some key areas.,32,2025/4/1 周二,5.,同位语从句,The fact,that we have different languages,demonstrates that we have different cultures.,Nowadays,an increasing number of people are concerned about the phenomenon,that our kids are spending more time watching TV,.,6.,表语从句,This is because,it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes.,Another reason for this is that,old buildings,like native languages,form a cultural identity and keep a unique record of a country.,33,2025/4/1 周二,作业：,语法改错练习,易错词选择练习,判断练习,定语从句练习,宾语从句练习,34,2025/4/1 周二,Chapter 3,写作思路哪里来？,无话可说,没有思想,具体分类法,举反例法,关键词法,35,2025/4/1 周二,1.,具体分类法,-,it depends,Many people use distance-learning programs(study material post,TV,Internet,etc.)to study at home,but some people think that it cannot bring the same benefits of attending college or university.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?,Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment;only governments and large companies can make a difference.To what extent do you agree or disagree?,36,2025/4/1 周二,2.,举反例法,only/-est/always/never/ban/stop,The only way to improve safety on the road is to impose severe punishment on driving offenders.To what extent do you agree or disagree?,Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities.Others,however,say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion,.,37,2025/4/1 周二,3.,关键词法,身体（健康）,VS.,心理（安全，求知，自信，被尊重）,物质上（经济基础）,VS.,精神上（文化娱乐）,International travel is becoming cheaper,and countries are opening their doors to more and more tourists.Do the advantages of increased tourism outweigh its disadvantages?,S,kill&Efficiency,T,echnology&Safety,R,ight&Responsibility,E,nvironment&Health,E,mployment&Money,C,ulture&Fun,38,2025/4/1 周二,Practice,Please write down your main ideas or arguments for the following two writing tasks.,1.Some people think that students should focus on a few subjects while others think they should study a wide range of subjects.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.,2.Some people think the media should stop reporting on details of crime.To what extent do you agree or disagree?,39,2025/4/1 周二,1,.Some people think that students should focus on a few subjects while others think they should study a wide range of subjects.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.,Skill&Efficiency:,core subjects help students to develop important skills,Focusing on these subjects helps them to gain knowledge quickly,Employment&Money:,students who have a good understanding of a wide range of subjects can find jobs more easily after graduation,Culture&Fun,:art subjects,such as painting and photography,develop their interest in art.,40,2025/4/1 周二,2.Some people think the media should stop reporting on details of crime.To what extent do you agree or disagree?,Safety:,People are better informed about criminal activities,which helps them to protect themselves and their communities against crime.,Health:,Detailed media reports on crime may increase peoples fear of crime.,Right&Responsibility:,These reports may violate the victims privacy.,Media crime reports are likely to mislead the public.,Money:,Such reports can attract more viewers,listeners or readers and increase advertising revenue for media companies.,41,2025/4/1 周二,Chapter 4,最简化,15,句框架模板,到底要不要模板？,模板的好处：,操作简单,见效快,分数高,模板的缺点：,结构死板,千篇一律,有被判定“,Memorized,”的可能性,42,2025/4/1 周二,最简化,15,句框架模板,脱胎于官方,7,分以上评分标准,结构固话但句子自由,规范文章的逻辑,简化思维和写作难度,低碳环保，无毒，无副作用,43,2025/4/1 周二,A 15-Sentence,Solution to IELTS Writing,第一段（引出话题，表达观点）,1,Nowadays,an increasing number of people are concerned about_,背景介绍,2,However,whether_is,a controversial issue.,辩论话题,3,My view is that_,写作观点,第二段,（说理）,4,First,it is obvious,that_,原因一，中心句,5,(This means that)_,具体理由,6,So,_,所以观点成立,第三段,（举例）,7,Moreover,_,原因二，中心句,8,For example,_,举例，越具体越好,9,_,例证解释说明,第四段,（让步）,10,That is not to say that_not _,并不完全否定反方观点,11,Of course,_,承认反方观点的合理性,12,But_,驳斥反方观点不合理性,第五段,（结尾）,13,In sum,_,重申观点,14,Meanwhile,_,不能忽视反方观点,15,By doing so we can make sure,that_,思想升华,44,2025/4/1 周二,实战练习,Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace.Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake,regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer.,What in your opinion,should be the main function of a university?,Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.,Write at least 250 words.,45,2025/4/1 周二,第一段,第,1,句,.,Nowadays,an increasing number of