2022北京十一学校建华分校高二(下)6月月考英语(教师版).docx

2022北京十一学校建华分校高二（下）6月月考
英 语
2022.06
本试卷共 7 页， 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将 本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第一部分： 知识运用(共两节， 30 分)
第一节 完形填空 (共 10 小题； 每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项 涂黑。
My friendship with the students in a primary school in Uganda started on a shaky ground. The 1 of not being understood was hidden within, for they spoke a language different from that of mine and mine too fell on deaf ears.
I greeted them with a wide smile, and when I spoke further, they replied with ice cold 2 . A reminder echoed in my mind: you must live through it to get to them. So I gave it another try. I spoke 3 English with hand gestures and a bit of dancing. If all failed, the smile would 4 . Soon we picked up and then the 5 of the learners came into play. At the mention of a name, trembles and face covering were the response I got. I decided to 6 a desk with a team
each day during group work to get closer. After school, I accompanied them home.
7 , we became friends. They were even aware of my favorite fruit, avocado (牛油果). If I didn’t get one on my desk, it would 8 me wherever I was. My slippers were worn out. One night I left them out as no one could steal a pair of slippers in that state. The next morning, I was ready to drag my slippers on as usual and I was surprised they had been 9 . Wow!
The little things we do for each other bring us great joy and warmth. We don’t have a proper spoken language, but we are fluent in the language of 10 .
1. A. anger
B. fear
C. confusion
D. disappointment
2. A. agreement
B. blame
C. comment
D. silence
3. A. simple
B. official
C. academic
D. unusual
4. A. turn up
B. break off
C. take over
D. fade away
5. A. shyness
B. laziness
C. loneliness
D. calmness
6. A. clear
B. share
C. search
D. exchange
7. A. Suddenly
B. Obviously
C. Accidentally
D. Gradually
8. A. hit
B. find
C. catch
D. hunt
9. A. packed
B. cleaned
C. repaired
D. abandoned
10. A. sympathy
B. admiration
C. friendship
D. confidence
第二节 语法填空 (共 10 小题； 每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空 。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Brian Skerry is an underwater photo journalist. As part of his job, he encounters mysterious sea 11 (creature) such as whales and sharks. To get the best photo, Skerry gets close to the wildlife — even if it’s dangerous. One time in Mexico, a squid grabbed Skerry as he 12 (take) a photo.
Why does Skerry take these risks? He hopes his photographs will make people think about life in the oceans. As Skerry says, “The oceans are in real trouble. As a journalist, the most important thing I can do is to raise public 13 (aware).”
B
In the past few years, researchers at Lund University 14 (publish) several papers on dogs’ ability to detect the warmth of a body without touching it. Their results show that, from 5 feet away, dogs can reliably tell the difference 15 a 4-inch object at body temperature and one at room temperature. The scientists identified a set of nerves in a dog’s nose 16 appear to be responsible. The skin on a dog’s nose can absorb the tiny amount of infrared light (红外线) leaking from a warm object, and the nerves inside the skin quickly sense that extra energy, 17 (signal) to the brain that something warm is nearby.
C
Some American cities are banning drive-through windows at fast-food restaurants. There are two basic reasons for the bans: concern for the environment and the need 18 (fight) obesity.
In the US, most adults drive automobiles and almost 40% of the adults are overweight. That’s partly 19 people are worried about the environment and unhealthy diets. Supporters of the bans hope fewer drive-through windows 20 (reduce) litter and air pollution from customers driving cars. Some also think that people will choose healthier food if there is no longer the convenience of a drive-through window.
第二部分： 阅读理解(共两节， 38 分)
第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分)
阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A
Emergencies are scary, but there is now a new smart ring on the market that will quickly call for help when you need it most. Meet Nimb, a ring that includes a panic button. It lets you send emergency alerts (警报) to preset contacts from its mobile app with the touch of a thumb. Whether you are being attacked or experiencing a serious health problem, Nimb will help keep you safe and sound.
Smart Ring to the Rescue
The story behind the development with this new technology is unique and touching. In 2010, Kathy Roma, who is the co-founder and communications lead with Nimb, was violently attacked by a complete stranger and was on the brink of death. She suffered multiple stab wounds in a safe neighborhood, just a few feet away from a police station. Her saving grace wasn’t just her fight and drive to survive, but the call for help.
Since then, she has been searching to find a way for others to have a voice when they’re in need of help and has been a driving force in the development of this new technology. And Nimb is easy to use. All you need to do when you are in trouble is press its button for three seconds and an instant message will be sent to your contacts. Your contacts will get instant emergency alerts on their smartphones and tablets. This smart ring tracks your exact location in real time and your contacts
will know where you are at all times.
Nimb’s app includes an alert card, and built-in chat and notification features. The ring is compatible (兼容的) with Bluetooth 4+, iOS 7+ and Android 4+. It is also equipped with a rechargeable LiPo Battery that will last about two weeks, and is designed to withstand water and dust.
Nimb: Stay Safe in Style
What makes this smart ring extra special is that it is cool and futuristic looking. It comes in two colors: Stealth Black and Classic White. The ring is available in US ring sizes 4- 12, which means you can wear it on any of your fingers. There’s no doubt this new technology will be a hit on the market: everyone wants to have that extra piece of mind when it comes to health and safety. Nimb retails for $129.
21. Nimb is designed to help users __________.
A. relieve pain in stressful situations B. warn friends of surrounding dangers
C. call contacts for help in emergencies D. keep track of serious health problems
22. Kathy Roma got the idea of Nimb from __________.
A. her experience of being attacked B. her desire to have a voice in technology
C. her dream of founding her own company D. her drive to survive from a serious disease
23. How do you use Nimb when you are in trouble?
A. By editing an emergency message. B. By pressing a button for three seconds.
C. By tracking the location of preset contacts. D. By sending alerts to the smartphones nearby.
B
It was a reading class. While all her classmates were flying through the 2nd and 3rd books in the Harry Potter series, Skye Malik, only on page four of the first book, got impossibly stuck on the word “doughnut” .
Her unexpected difficulty with reading is called dyslexia. Skye got a professional diagnosis at the end of the 2nd grade. Knowing that other kids were going through the same thing made it easier on her somehow. What wasn’t easy, even after all the help she got from special tutors and reading programs, was fluent reading. What many people do without thinking— reading—she had to struggle with word by word, sometimes letter by letter. In class, she would hear the other kids flip through the pages on assignments and go on to the questions while she was still doing battle with the first paragraph.
She was as frustrated as she was discouraged. But she didn’t know of any other way until her 4th grade teacher, Miss Pollock, told her about something called Learning Ally.
Learning Ally is a non-profit organization that offers audio versions of books. A crew of volunteer readers has recorded 75,000 classic novels, children’s books, and school textbooks that help more than 300,000 students and adults with learning differences or who are blind. Now Skye could listen to the books with her ears and follow the words with her eyes on the page. Instead of having her mother read her textbooks to her, she could independently do her work. “With Learning Ally, I feel confident and capable and can easily keep up with my classmates,” Skye explains, “and I want other kids to feel empowered, just the way I did.”
So Skye, now aged 16, created The Paco Project which was named after her grandfather, whose nickname was “Paco” . The Paco Project is a fundraiser and educational initiative focusing on giving students with dyslexia access to the same Learning Ally technology that changed her life.
Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who have been diagnosed. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and helping them be confident, capable students.
“Right now they feel stuck—ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.”
24. According to the passage, Skye ____________.
A. found a way out with the help of Miss Pollock B. felt annoyed at being teased by her classmates
C. preferred reading the first book of Harry Potter D. was diagnosed with dyslexia in her fourth grade
25. The Paco Project was created ____________.
A. to promote Learning Ally technology B. to empower those with reading difficulty
C. with inspiration from Skye’s grandfather D. in response to the growing demands of teachers
26. The passage is mainly about_____________.
A. what people with dyslexia are suffering
B. what measures are needed to beat dyslexia
C. how Learning Ally influenced people with dyslexia
D. how Skye battled against dyslexia and helped others
C
The philosopher, Martin Buber, is most known for his work on “I-Thou/You” relationships in which people are open, direct, mutually interested in each other. In contrast, “I-It” relationships are those in which we use the other, like an object, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes.
It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become “It” relationships because most of what we feel, think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment into which we were born. Thus, one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way. We didn’t have to reciprocate and care for “It” . Even when the care and attention of “It” was minimal or unpredictable, if we got out of
childhood alive, somewhere along the way “It” was involved.
Freud called this stage of early life “primary narcissism”, which is our instinct (本能) for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development. While most of us grow out of it, we still hold a survival fear, which motivates us to escape danger and to stay alive, and we all need this fear in healthy measure.
The problem is that too many of us, too much of the time, are in a constant state of threat – and we often don’t know it. We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs, that we have cancer, that we are inadequate, and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck. As our brains have grown in size and complexity, so has our ability to scare ourselves.
This causes many problems. For example, our stress levels increase, our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted. Our threat response stops any bodily function, feeling, thought and behavior that might “waste” energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger. Thus, when in threat, our emotional, cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced.
And in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us. Instead of enabling us to be open, direct and mutual, fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards surviving–not thriving (茁壮成长). Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need, dependency, control, demand, dishonesty, and self-interest.
We cannot form the “I-Thou” relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice, comfort, and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain. When in threat, we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us, or who we can blame for our problems.
27. What does the underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Return the favour. B. Ask for some advice.
C. Convey an apology. D. Make some comments.
28. What can we learn about “primary narcissism”?
A. It leads to our survival fear. B. It is normal and usually temporary.
C. It impacts our growth negatively. D. It lays the foundation for Freud’s theory.
29. Which of the following could be an example of “I-It” relationships?
A. Comforting an upset friend. B. Feeling sorry for your mistakes.
C. Trying hard to be independent. D. Asking others to take on your task.
30. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. How We Can Form the “I-Thou” Relationships
B. How We Can Get Out of the “I-It” Relationships
C. Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals
D. What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages of Life
D
Move Over, Selfish Gene
Evolution traditionally has a problem with nice people. If only the fittest individuals survive, then those who are nice to others at their own expense will surely be weeded out. Yet cooperation is widespread in nature, from plants alerting each
other to danger to dolphins cooperating to round up fish.
A decades-old idea called kin selection can explain some of this: if organisms (生物) have enough DNA in common, then they can further their own selfish genes by helping one another. Bees and ants have a system of reproduction which leaves colony members so closely related that they act almost as a single super-organism. And among any sexually reproducing species, parental care helps individuals pass on their genes.
But kin selection cannot explain why humans are so nice to strangers. One idea is that we have evolved to be super- cooperative because, over time, more cooperative groups have outcompeted less cooperative ones. But