2019-2021北京初一(下)期中英语汇编：词语运用与语法.docx

2019-2021北京初一（下）期中英语汇编
词语运用与语法
一．填空题
1．（2019 北京四中七年级期中）
you； be； go； weigh；cheat
Treat others as you would be treated
There was once a farmer who lived beside a baker．Each week，the farmer would sell a pound of butter to the baker and the baker would sell the farmer a pound of bread．This（1）______on for some time．
But one day，the baker wanted to weigh the butter that the farmer had sold him．Then，he found that the butter was not a full pound．The baker was quite angry with this．He decided to take the farmer to court．
After they （2）_______in court，the judge asked the farmer if he weighed the butter in the right way．The farmer said，"Your honor，I do weigh my butter in the right way，and I weigh my bread in the same way．"
The judge was curious．"What do you mean， farmer？"he asked．
The farmer replied，"Your honor， I have been buying bread from this baker for as long as I've sold him butter．Every time I buy bread from him，I take it home and put it on my scale．I then sell him the same（3）_______in butter．So if anyone is wrong，it is the baker．"
If you go through life（4）______others，then you should not be surprised when you are cheated（5）______．
2．（2019北京•北师大附中七年级期中）Usually I spend the summer holiday at home， but this year is going to be（1）______（A．different；B．the same）because I'm going（2）_______（A．on；B．in）a summer camp in Sydney，Australia．I'm going to stay with an Australian family and speak English．We're also going sightseeing and going to have a picnic on the beach．
3．（2019 北京师大附中七年级期中）There is a lot of pollution （污染）in the oceans．Maybe one day the oceans（1）_______（A．will be；B．are）filled with litter．The Great Pacific Garbage Patch（太平洋垃圾带）is an example．Most of the litter is tiny pieces of plastic．The litter（2）_______（A．float；B．floats）in the water．Taylor and Tina are concerned about pollution in the ocean．Everyone can do something about it．They can use less plastic and recycle more．
4．（2019 北京师大附中七年级期中）A cruise ship is a large floating resort．On a cruise ship，you can choose a small（1）________（A．boat；B．bus）with just a few people or a large ship with thousands．When you board a cruise ship，you can enjoy a comfortable room，great meals in several different restaurants and many（2）_______（A．activity；B．activities）．Best of all， you can go many places，and you only have to unpack once．
二．完形填空（共1小题）
5．（2021 北京四中七年级期中）
compare（v.）；popular（adj.）；advantages（n.）；receive（v.）
Online shopping is quite（1）________You can buy almost everything on the Internet，and it's very easy.First，you choose something and pay for it.Then you（2）________it a few days later by post.Online shopping has several（3）_______You can shop at any time.The shops are always open.Second，shopping usually takes a lot of time.But to shop on the Internet you only need a computer and a mouse！You can also（4）________the prices of the same product and spend less.
三．词汇应用（共5小题）
6．（2021 北京四中七年级期中）
relax（v.）；successful（adj）；time（n.）；lose（v.）；finish（v.）；plan（n.）
Have you ever heard someone say， "You can get money back with time but you can't be（1）_________back with money？"Basically，this is saying that if you（2）_______money，you will have a chance to earn it back.However，if you waste an hour，you can't get it back.The key to valuing（珍视）time is to make a plan for each day.If you don't spend time on your（3）__________you will always find yourself wasting time.
Sit down with a piece of paper and list out what you need to（4）________that day.Then create a timetable for yourself and work out at what time you should be done with each activity.It is also important to take a moment to review how productive（富有成效的）you were.Give yourself a minute to reset﹣close your eyes and（5）________and you will be able to effectively move on.Finally，when you have finished what you planned，reflect（认真思考）on how（6）________were at sticking to（坚持） your plan.
7．（2021 北京四中七年级期中）
remind；clean；build；expect；finish；use；few；convenient
Skyscrapers（摩天大楼）and traffic jams are often seen in today's big cities.But what will the cities of the future look like？
They will look "smarter"，for one thing.A smart city is a city that uses digital（电子的）technology，such as 5 G networks and the "Internet of things".These technologies can improve urban planning，save money and resources（资源）and bring more（1）________to our life.
For example，by using sensors and 5 G networks to check the usage of water，gas and electricity，we can find out how to use these resources more efficiently.Imagine if water and gas pipes（管道）could（2）________repair workers when there is a problem，won't that be a great thing？
Some cities around the world are already using smart technology to improve peoples lives.In Baltimore，US，smart trash bins can sense how full they are and tell workers when they need to be（3）__________In Amsterdam，there is real﹣time traffic data collected from sensors around the city.There are（4）_________traffic jams than before.
In the city of Songdo in South Korea，people's homes，government（政府） buildings and streets are all "online".By simply swiping a smart card，people can open doors，pay bills and check their health records.
Of course，it will take time（5）_______the smart cities of the future.But it won't be long until more cities join in.It is（6）_______that more than 60 percent of the world's population will live in smart cities by 2050，according to Tech Republic.
8．（2019 北京师大附中七年级期中）
try train strong strange care interest
Being a kid can be hard，especially when you don't have a permanent （稳定的）home．This is life for Billy Batson．He doesn't get along well with others．As a result，he has lived with many foster families．His newest family seems nice，but he's not（1）________in being friends with his new "siblings"（兄弟）．Though Billy may（2）______to seem like a tough teenager，deep down he（3）________about the people around him．This becomes clear when he sees his foster brother Freddy being bullied at school．Billy defends Freddy，so the bullies chase after him．Billy escapes into the metro system，only to find himself on a magical（4）______!The "goodness" he displayed caught the attention of a（5）________man known as The Wizard．The Wizard says that Billy has the right heart to be a superhero．By saying the name "Shazam"，Billy is transformed into a being as （6）________as Superman!

9．（2021 北京十五中七年级期中）
save（v.）；hour（n.）；future（n.）；freely（adv.）
There are some robots in our daily life.Robots can do a lot of things for humans.Some robots help humans do some cleaning at home.Some robots help workers do dull（枯燥的）jobs in factories.There are also some robots that can help doctors in the hospital.Here's a new kind of robot.It can help to（1）_______people in danger in an earthquake（地震）!The robot has four feet and it can jump and run（2）_______.It moves like a cat.The robot can run 5km an（3）_______We hope it can help more people in earthquakes.We are sure that there will be more and more robots in the（4）_______.
10．（2021 北京十五中七年级期中）
trip（n.）；second（adv）；collect（v.）；hope（v.）；early（adv.）；take（v.）
The May Day holiday is coming.I am going to enjoy myself.On the morning of 1st May.I plan to get up（1）_______and help my father clean the car.Then I'm going to have breakfast at seven o'clock.After that，I am going to take a（2）_______to the beach with my family by car.
First，I am going to play volleyball with other tourists on the beach.（3）_______，I am going to go fishing and boating.My father is going to（4）_______lots of photos and he is also going to go boating with me.What is my mother going to do？Oh，I guess（猜）she is going to help me to（5）_______some shells（贝壳）.And she is also going to do some exercise.My sister is going to draw some pictures because she's very good at it.
I（6）_______we can have a good time.

参考答案
1．【分析】本文讲述了一位面包师长期从他邻居的一个农民那儿购买黄油．有一天，他觉得本应是一磅重的一包黄油似乎太轻了点．于是他开始定期地称一称黄油，发现每次都是分量不足．他特别生气，便开始向执法机关提出诉讼．这样一来事情就闹到了法官那里．农民辩解说，"每次我向他买面包，我都会把它带回家，放在秤上，然后把同样重量的黄油卖给他．如果称不准，那就不是我的过错，而是面包师的过错了"．这个故事阐明了做人要诚实守信，如果你一生都在欺骗别人，那么当你自己被欺骗时就不应该感到惊讶了．
【解答】1．went 考查动词．根据语境"这种情况持续了一段时间"，考虑选择动词go，构成短语go on，意为"继续"，由上下文推断此处填过去式形式，故答案为 went．
2．were 考查be动词．根据语境"他们出庭后，法官问农夫称黄油的方法是否正确"，考虑选择动词be，意为"是"，由主语they及下文asked推断此处填过去式形式were，故答案为 were．
3．weight 考查名词．根据语境"每次我向他买面包，我都会把它带回家，放在秤上，然后把同样重量的黄油卖给他"，考虑选择动词weigh，意为"称重"，由空前的形容词same推断此处填名词形式，意为"重量"．故答案为 weight．
4．cheating 考查动词．根据语境"如果你一生都在欺骗别人"，考虑选择词cheat，意为"欺骗"，由现在分词作伴随状语，推断此处填﹣ing形式，故答案为 cheating．
5．yourself 考查代词．根据语境"那么当你自己被欺骗时就不应该感到惊讶了"，考虑选择代词you，意为"你"，由句意推断此处填反身代词形式，故答案为 yourself．
【点评】根据短文选词填空，需要考生先通读全文了解大意，联系上下文的语境选定词根，再认真分析并正确变换词形，方能正确答题．
2．【分析】作者今年要度过一个与往年不同的暑假，要去悉尼参加一个夏令营．
【解答】1．A 考查形容词．根据句首表示转折的连词but， 可知这句话的意思应该和前一句不一样，因此这句话的意思应该是"今年要有所不同"，所以应该选择形容词different．故选A．
2．A 考查介词．根据横线后面的summer camp， 可确定此处需要的介词是on， go on a summer camp的意思是"去参加夏令营"．故选A．
【点评】弄清句意，结合句子的结构及常用搭配来确定答案．
3．【分析】海洋中有许多污染，也许将来的情况会更严重．每个人都应该行动起来保护海洋环境．
【解答】1．A 考查动词．根据句首的Maybe，"可能"，推测这句话是对未来的预测，因此应该用一般将来时．这句话的意思是"也许有一天海洋会充满了垃圾"．故选A
2．B 考查动词．这句话的意思是"垃圾漂浮在水中"．根据文章内容确定此处要用一般现在时，主语The litter是不可数名词，所以动词用第三人称单数形式．故选B
【点评】根据句子的语法规则来确定动词的时态．
4．【分析】文章介绍了乘坐游轮旅游的好处．
【解答】1．A 考查名词．横线的后边有a large ship with thousands，它前面是选择连词or， 和他相对应的另一个被选择项目应该是a small boat with just a few people，所以应该选择A． 这句话的意思是"你可以选择只坐几个人的小船，或者是坐几千人的大船"．故选A．
2．B 考查名词．activity是可数名词，它的前边有修饰词many，"许多"，所以要用复数形式．这句话的意思是"当你登上游轮的时候，你可以享受舒适的房间，不同饭店里美味的食以及许多活动"．故选B．
【点评】充分利用句子当中的信息，语法规则来确定答案．
二．完形填空
5．【分析】短文大意对比网购和现实购物的优缺点。
【解答】（1）popular.考查形容词。根据句意：网上购物相当流行。popular流行，放在be后作表语，故填popular。
（2）receive.考查动词。根据句意：几天后你就收到了。receive收到，故填receive。
（3）advantages.考查名词。根据句意：网上购物有几个优点。several后面加名词复数，故填advantages。
（4）compare.考查动词。根据句意：你还可以比较同一产品的价格，减少开支。can后面加动词原形，compare比较，故填compare。
【点评】根据短文大意和语境选择合适的单词，并用其正确的形式填入空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺，语法正确，结构完整．注意单词的适当形式。
三．词汇应用
6．【分析】短文大意说的是如何有效地利用时间。
【解答】（1）time.考查名词。根据句意：你可以用时间找回金钱，但你不能用金钱找回时间。time，不可数名词，故填time
（2）lose.考查动词。根据句意：这就是说，如果你赔了钱，你就有机会赚回来。lose丢失，故填lose
（3）plan.考查名词。根据句意：如果你不把时间花在你的计划上，你总会发现自己在浪费时间。plan计划，故填plan
（4）finish.考查动词。根据句意：坐下来拿一张纸，列出当天你需要完成的事情to+动词原形，finish完成，故填finish
（5）relax.考查动词。根据句意：给自己一分钟时间重新设定——闭上眼睛，放松，你就能有效地继续前进。relax放松，故填relax
（6）successful.考查形容词。根据句意：最后，当你完成了你的计划，反思一下你在坚持你的计划方面有多成功。successful形容词，成功的，故填successful
【点评】根据短文大意和语境选择合适的单词，并用其正确的形式填入空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺，语法正确，结构完整．注意单词的适当形式。
7．【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了人们可利用数字技术建造智能城市，方便人们的生活。现在一些城市已经在使用智能技术，未来更多人将生活在智能城市里。
【解答】（1）convenience。考查名词。根据句子These technologies can improve urban planning，save money and resources这些技术可以改善城市规划，节省资金和资源，可推知后半句为：也能给我们的生活带来便利。比较级more后加名词，convenient的名词形式是convenience。故答案为：convenience。
（2）remind。考查动词。情态动词could后需跟动词原形。根据上下文可推测句意：如果有问题的时候，水管和燃气管能够提醒修理工，这难道不是很好的事吗？故答案为：remind。
（3）cleaned。考查被动语态。词组need to be done表示"需要被......"，等同于need doing。句意：在美国的巴尔的摩，垃圾桶可以感知自己有多满，然后告诉工作者它们需要被清理。故答案为cleaned。
（4）fewer。考查比较级。根据句中的than可知要用比较级，traffice jams为可数名词复数。根据前文可知：在阿姆斯特丹大家可以看到实时交通信息，推测句意应为：交通堵塞比之前少。因此用few的比较级。故答案为：fewer。
（5）to build。考查动词。句中smart city前缺少动词，因此应用build。根据句型it will take time to do sth.做某事要花时间，可知句意应该是：建立未来智能城市需要花费时间。故答案为：to build。
（6）expected。考查动词。根据上下文可推测句意为：到2050年全世界60%的人口将生活在智能城市里。It is...that句型中"..."部分为动词的过去分词形式，动词expect意为"期待"，符合要求。It is expected that意为"预计"。故答案为：expected。
【点评】根据短文大意和语境选择合适的单词，并用其正确的形式填入空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺，语法正确，结构完整．注意单词的适当形式。
8．【分析】本文讲述Billy在帮助他的哥哥Freddy以后的一个奇特经历．
【解答】1．interested 考查形容词．根据句中的is以及介词in 可以看出，应该选择名词interest，并变成形容词interested，从而构成短语be interested in，意思是"对…感兴趣"．这句话的意思是"但是他对于与他的新兄弟们做朋友没有什么兴趣"．故答案为interested．
2．try 考查动词．根据横线前边的情态动词may以及后边的动词不定式to seem确定，此处要填些动词．因此，结合选项确定此处答案为try．try to do sth的意思是"试图做某事"，放在情态动词后面用动词原形．故答案为try．
3．cares 考查动词．所填单词处在主语he的后边，所以应该是谓语动词．结合上下文语境以及横线后边的about，可知此处应该选择动词care．根据从句的时态，可知主句应该用一般现在时，主语是he，所以动词要用第三人称单数形式．整个这句话的意思是"尽管Billy 可能试图象一个坚强的青少年一样，但从内心深处他关心着周围的人"．故答案为cares．
4．train 考查名词．根据前面句子的the metro system，可以猜测此处填写的应该是名词train．前面有不定冠词a，所以这个名词用单数形式．这句话的意思是"Billy逃进了地铁系统，不料发现自己在一列神奇的火车上面"．故答案为train．
5．strange 考查形容词．该词处在不定冠词a和名词中间，所以应该是这个名词的定语．结合文章内容和选项确定应该是形容词strange，"奇怪的"．这句话的意思是"他所展示的善良吸引了一个被人们称为The Wizard 的奇怪人的注意力"．故答案为strange．
6．strong 考查形容词．根据句中的as…as，可知此处应该填些形容词或副词的原级．结合选项，分析句意确定应该用形容词strong．这句话的意思是"通过说出Shazam这个名字，Billy 变成了一个和超人一样强壮的生命"．故答案为strong．
【点评】做这类试题时，要先从文章的语境入手分析句子的意思，然后结合句子的内容和选项来确定答案．
9．【分析】短文大意是介绍了机器人的作用。
【解答】（1）save.考查动词。根据句意：它可以帮助在地震中拯救处于危险中的人们。to+动词原形，save挽救，故填save。
（2）freely.考查副词。根据句意：机器人有四只脚，可以自由跳跃和奔跑。freely副词，自由地，修饰动词run要放在动词后，故填freely。
（3）hour.考查名词。根据句意：机器人每小时可以跑5公里。an+名词单数，故填hour。
（4）future.考查名词。根据句意：我们相信未来会有越来越多的机器人。in the future在未来，故填future。
【点评】根据短文大意和语境选择合适的单词，并用其正确的形式填入空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺，语法正确，结构完整．注意单词的适当形式。
10．【分析】短文大意是介绍的自己五一去海边玩的事。
【解答】（1）early.考查副词。根据句意：我打算早起帮我父亲洗车。early副词，修饰动词get放在动词后，故填early。
（2）trip.考查名词。根据句意：我打算和家人一起开车去海滩旅行。take a trip旅游，故填trip。
（3）Second.考查序数词。根据句意：第二，我要去钓鱼和划船。second第二，根据上面的first第一可得，故填Second。
（4）take.考查动词。根据句意：我爸爸要拍很多照片。take photos拍照，故填take。
（5）collect.考查动词。根据句意：我想她会帮我收集一些贝壳，help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事，collect收集，故填collect。
（6）hope.考查动词。根据句意：我希望我们能玩得开心。hope希望，故填hope。
【点评】根据短文大意和语境选择合适的单词，并用其正确的形式填入空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺，语法正确，结构完整．注意单词的适当形式。

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