长郡中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题(答案解析).docx

长郡中学2021-2022学年度高二第二学期期末考试
英语 参考答案
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
答案
A
A
C
A
C
A
B
A
C
B
C
A
C
A
C
题号
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
答案
B
B
C
A
B
C
B
B
C
A
D
C
A
A
A
题号
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
答案
C
A
D
D
A
F
E
G
C
A
C
D
C
A
B
题号
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55

答案
D
B
C
A
D
B
C
A
C
D

【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章以My favourite Books为题，介绍了作家Catherine Chung最喜欢的书籍。
21．C。细节理解题。根据“Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro”段落内容“Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university．She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study．She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics．（科瓦列夫斯卡娅是一名19 世纪的数学家，当时欧洲大部分国家都不允许女性上大学。她嫁给了一个答应带她去德国学习的人。她在这一领域做出了重大贡献，成为俄罗斯第一位获得数学博士学位的女性。）”可知，Too Much Happiness这本书
是关于俄罗斯女数学家的先驱科瓦列夫斯卡娅的，故选C。
22．B。细节理解题。根据“Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang”段落内容中的“This collection contains several maths stories．（这本合集里有几个数学故事。）”；“The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa”段落内容中的“It's about a woman who comes to work for a once-great mathematician．（故事讲的是一个女人为一位曾经伟大的数学家工作。）”及“Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro”段落内容中的“Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician（科瓦列夫斯卡娅是一名19世纪的数学家）”以及“The Ore Miner's Wife by Karl Iagnemma”段落内容中的“It is about a miner who thinks he's discovered the proof to the problem：construct a square，equal in area to a given circle．（它是关于一个矿工的，他认 为自己发现了问题的证明：构造一个正方形，面积等于一个给定的圆。）”可知，列出的书籍具有的共同点是它们都包括数学。故选B。
23．B。推理判断题。根据第一段“she ends up proving that mathematics is inconsistent…”可知 A 错。根据第二 段“Due to a brain injury，he has only 80 minutes of short-term memory available to him before he forgets everything．”可知B 正确。 根据第三段“Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university．”可知并不是所有欧洲地区的女人无法上大学，C选项过于绝对，错误。根据最后一段无法推出矿工是否对他的妻子不忠，这只是妻子自己担心的事情，所以D错误。

【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女孩Tufa为帮助父亲教几近消亡的奥罗莫语而自行制订和印刷教材，并通过众筹等方式让这些教材能被更多人使用的故事。
24．C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“But when Dad was teaching us Oromo，there were no textbooks or learning materials at all．And that struck me as really strange．（但当爸爸教我们奥罗莫语时，根本没有教科书或学习材料。这让我觉得很奇怪。）”可知，Tufa对学习奥罗莫语时缺乏学习资料感到奇怪。故选C。
25．A。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“But as Tufa got older and began doing her own research，she discovered why speaking about Oromo was so painful for her father．”（但随着Tufa 长大并开始自己 的研究，她发现了为什么说起奥罗莫会让她的父亲如此痛苦）。可知，第三段是为了解释原因。故选A。
26．D。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“She launched a crowdfunding campaign so she could print more Oromo learning materials．（她发起了一项众筹活动，这样她就可以印刷更多的奥罗莫语学习材料。）”可知，Tufa通过众筹满足对奥罗莫语学习材料不断增长的需求。故选D。
27．C。 主旨大意题。 根据第一段“Tufa grew up in Australia so she couldn't understand why her father insisted on teaching her Oromo，a language spoken in Ethiopia．”可知，文章前两段是讲Tufa 的父亲坚持教她奥罗莫语，这让她无法理解。第三段第一句“But as Tufa got older and began doing her own research，she discovered why speaking about Oromo was so painful for her father．”可知，第三段讲述了背后的原因，因为国家领土被占领，奥罗莫语被禁止，几近消亡。根据第四段最后两句“As she helped to teach the students，Tufa realized the teaching resources were awful．She decided to create posters and worksheets for her father's students，using her own money to get them printed．”可知，Tufa为了帮助学生学习奥罗莫语，自己制订并印刷了教学材料。根据第五段最后一句“Tufa realized that if there was a demand for Oromo child education materials in Australia，there must be other communities around the world where resources were also needed．”和第六段第一句“She launched a crowdfunding campaign so she could print more Oromo learning materials．”可知，为了满足更多的需求，Tufa发起了一项众筹活动来印刷更多的奥罗莫学习材料。 根据第六段最后两句“Her resources have also found their way to Ethiopia，with people sending copies to family members who still live there．This year，she plans to launch an online store for her publishing company．”可知，此处是讲Tufa的奥罗莫学习材料的发展现状良好，日益壮大。所以这篇文章主要是讲女孩Tufa通过努力帮助奥罗莫语重获新生。故选C。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙科学家最近发现的一个“反皮诺曹效应”：人们在撒谎的时候，鼻子不是长长，而是变小。
28．A。 细节理解题。 根据第二段中的““One has to think in order to lie，which raises the temperature of the forehead，’Dr．Gomez Milan explained the findings．”可知人们额头温度上升是因为要思考。
29．A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated the so-called ‘Pinocchio effect' and found that our noses don't grow longer when we tell a lie，but actually get a little bit smaller．”可知，所谓的“反皮诺曹效应”是指人们撒谎时鼻子会变小这一现象．
30．A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Interestingly，the thermal lie detector picked up the temperature difference in 80 percent of test participants，which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector used by the police．”可推断，这个新测谎技术对警察可能有帮助。
31．C。标题判断题。通读全文可知，作者是通过对童话中的“皮诺曹效应”的质疑而引出“反皮诺曹效应”这一研究的。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了拖延症的关键所在。
32．A。推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Professor Stephen Knowles tested the effect of deadline length on task completion for their research．（Stephen Knowles教授在他们的研究中测试了截止日期长度对任务完成的影响。）”可推知，Stephen Knowles教授做这项研究是为了研究设定截止日期对拖延这一行为的影响。故选A项。
33．D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“a long deadline appeared to give people permission to procrastinate，and then forget（设定很长的截止日期似乎允许人们拖延，然后忘记）”可知，设定很长的截止日期最有可能导致拖延。故选D项。
34．D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Professor Knowles wasn't surprised to find that specifying a shorter deadline increased the chances of receiving a response compared to a longer deadline …”可 知，Stephen Knowles教授对研究结果的态度是不感到惊讶。故选 D项。
35．A。词义猜测题。根据上下文可知画线词前的“they”指的是“people”而不是“task”所以排除B和D两个对于任务的描述，又根据画线词后面的forget可知这些人是粗心而忘记而不是懒惰，所以答案选A。

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。食物是我们习惯和文化的一部分，我们应该减少食物浪费，支持当地的食品生产商，养成更加健康的饮食习惯。
36．F。根据上文“Sadly，we love food，but we don't take care of it．”和下文“Here are ways to help us love our food better and grow respect for the world behind what we eat．”可知，设空处应陈述人们浪费食物的现象。选项F（全球生产的所有食物中，约有三分之一被损失或浪费。）符合语境，且衔接上下文自然。故选F。
37．E。 根据空格前一句“When we waste food，all the resources used for growing，processing，transporting and marketing that food are wasted too．”可知，我们浪费的不仅仅是盘子里的食物，真正浪费的比实际更多。选项E（浪费的食物比我们盘子里的要更多。）与上述分析一致，逻辑通顺。故选E。
38．G。 根据标 题“Support your local food producers．”及 前文“Chefs get awards，stars and recognition for their creations．But what about our farmers？”可知，此处强调农民在生产食物的过程中的重要性。选项G（没有他们，我们就不会有我们每天需要的新鲜食物。）与上述分析一致，且衔接上下文自然。故选G。
39．C。根据空格下文“We get our energy and maintain health from good food．We normally don't care the power that food and nutrition have over our bodies．”可知，设空处应该讲身体与食物的关系。选项C（我们的身体会消耗卡路里和营养。）符合语境。故选C。
40．A。空格处是小标题。由倒数第二段最后一句“Talk to the people around and to the next generation about making informed，healthy and sustainable food choices．”可知，本段主要讲要告诉你周围的人和你的下一代倡导明智、健康和可持续的食物选择。选项A（进行一个谈话。）符合语境，选项中的conversation呼应下文。故选Ａ。

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了快60岁的作者决定参加消防员训练，虽然曾想过放弃，但是最终获得了消防员证书的故事。
41．C。根据后文“myself that I was getting close to sixty”可知作者提醒自己快60岁了。故选C。
42．D。作者想到自己快60岁了，所以犹豫了一会儿才下决心。故选D。
43．C。根据后文“the Los Angles Fire Department”可知作者想成为消防员。故选C。
44．A。 根 据后文“a career in construction and a family to raise got in the way of working for the local fire department”可知，不幸的是，建筑业的职业和要养活一家人妨碍了作者为当地消防部门工作。故选A。
45．B。结合上文提到作者快60岁了，可知此处指作者期待退休，和妻子刚搬到西雅图附近的一个美丽村庄。故选B。
46．D。根据后文“I was accepted for training”可知作者被接受了，所以很高兴。故选D。
47．B。根据上文“it was so tough that I was ready to”可知工作太难，作者想退出。故选B。
48．C。此处呼应上文“I was accepted for training”指作者练习完回到家，故选C。
49．A。这本书里描述消防员在行动。故选A。
50．D。根据后文“me to follow my dream”可知书上的信息鼓励作者追随梦想。故选 D。
51．B。此处指消防员的奉献精神。故选B。
52．C。作者从书里获得了坚持下去的力量，故选C。
53．A。根据上文“it was so tough”和“the training continued to be”可知训练继续激烈进行着，故选A。
54．C。根据后文“I was certificated as a firefighter”可知作者最终获得了消防员证书，故选C。
55．D。作者近60岁时参加消防员训练，所以此处指永远不要因为老而不接受新的挑战，故选D。
56．the。此处形容词最高级前用定冠词 the。
57．functions。function在此处充当谓语成分，用第三人称单数形式。
58．productive。此处使用形容词修饰名词，produce的形容词productive表示“多产的”。
59．against。考查固定搭配have prejudice against表示“对……有偏见”。
60．Whether。此处whether表示“是否”，引导状语从句。
61．consultants。考查词性转换。consult为动词，此处根据上下文可知应该填入表示职业的名词，名词“顾问”为consultant，依据上下文，此处用复数形式。
62．who/that。考察定语从句连词，先行词是人，在从句中作主语，关系代词使用who或者 that。
63．changing。介词 to后使用名词或者动名词结构。
64．less。表示“更少的”。
65．to advance。不定式表目的。第四部分

第一节
【参考范文】
Chinese：a language for life
It has been found that around the world，the number of people learning Chinese at schools，universities，community centres or online is growing．
As a Chinese，it is interesting that foreigners find our native language fascinating．However，I can understand their fascination，because Chinese is a charming language with beautifully written characters，along history，rich culture and considerable depth in its meaning．Any foreigner who masters Chinese language would feel that it is a worthy accomplishment．
There is no doubt that learning Chinese will continue to be popular in the future．Knowing Chinese can lead to many opportunities for both Chinese people and foreigners．
【评分标准】
档次
描述
第五档
（13～15分）
很好地完成了规定的写作任务。包含所有内容要点，结构完整，语句流畅，意思清楚、连贯。使用较为丰富的语法结构和词汇，语法和词汇错误极少，格式正确，书写规范。
第四档
（10～12分）
较好地完成了规定的写作任务。基本上包含所有内容要点，结构较为完整，语句完整，意思清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较少，格式基本正确，书写较为规范。
第三档
（7～9分）
基本上完成了规定的写作任务。包含主要内容要点，结构欠完整，少数语句不通顺，意思基本清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较多，格式基本正确，书写基本规范。
第二档
（4～6分）
未能按要求完成规定的写作任务。只包含少数内容要点，结构不完整，多数语句欠完整，意思不够清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较多，影响理解，格式不够正确，书写欠规范。
第一档
（0～3分）
未能按要求完成规定的写作任务。只写出个别要点，结构不完整，多数语句不完整或意思不明，语法结构和词汇错误很多，书写不规范。
具体分值分布：语言3分，结构3分，要点9分，要点包括介绍“汉语热”现象3分，分析“汉语热”的原因3分，预测“汉语热”的未来3分。

第二节
【参考范文】
As the dismissal bell rang，I gathered up my books，took a deep breath，and went to find Jack．A wave of uncertainty overwhelmed me．On the way to Jack's classroom．I felt several butterflies still fluttering in my heart．However，urged by the strong desire to be a member of the reading club，I quickened my paces spontaneously．The classroom door opened．Here came Jack．Looking into his eyes，I made an apology，explaining that I wanted to join the school book club．
Jack nodded，and then mentioned my three friends．With hesitation，I had no idea how to answer him．Seeing through my mind，Jack smiled and put forward a good idea．The next day，we were having lunch when Jack approached，holding a notice to recruit new members，saying that if someone wanted to join the club，he must take three other students to form a group．To my surprise，my friends were also interested in the book club．In a flash，Jack and I beamed at each other．
【评分标准】

档次
描述
第七档
（22～25分）
—创造了丰富、合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高；
—使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达流畅，语言错误很少，且完全不影响理解；
—自然有效地使用了段落间、句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，前后呼应，意义连贯。
第六档
（18～21分）
—创造了比较丰富、合理的内容，比较有逻辑性，续写比较完整，与原文情境融洽度较高；
—使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达比较流畅，有个别错误，但不影响理解；
—比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。
第五档
（15～17分）
—创造了基本合理的内容，有一定的逻辑性，续写基本完整，与原文情境相关；
—使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达方式不够多样性，表达有些许错误，但基本不影响理解；
—使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。
第四档
（11～14分）
—创造了基本完整的故事内容，但有的情节不够合理或逻辑性不强，与原文情境基本相关；
—使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有部分语言错误和不恰当之处，个别部分影响理解；
—尚有语句衔接的意识，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。
第三档
（6～10分）
—内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题，续写不够完整，与原文有一定程度脱节；
—所用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误较多且比较低级，影响理解；
—未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不够清晰，意义欠连贯。
第二档
（1～5分）
—内容和逻辑上有较多重大问题，或有部分内容抄自原文，续写不完整，与原文情境基本脱节；
—所使用的词汇非常有限，语法结构单调，错误极多，严重影响理解；
—几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不清晰，意义不连贯。
第一档
（０分）
—未作答；所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评判；所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和Jerry，David，Tom是好朋友，但是向他们隐瞒了和Jack在读书俱乐部成为了朋友的事情，某天中午Jack想要和他们坐在一起，但是被其他三个朋友粗鲁地拒绝了，作者也没有为Jack说话，之后Jack也没跟作者说话，作者意识到自己犯了错，需要向Jack道歉。最后作者鼓起勇气和Jack道了歉，取得了原谅，最后发现其他三个朋友也对读书俱乐部感兴趣。
【详解】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“下课铃声响了，我收拾好课本，深吸一口气，去找杰克。”可知，第一段可描写作者去找Jack道歉时的心理活动，以及诉说想参加学校的读书俱乐部的愿望。
②由第二段首句内容“Jack点点头，然后提到了我的三个朋友”可知，第二段可描写Jack想到邀请作者其他三个朋友加入读书俱乐部的办法，解决了作者的困境，三个朋友也对俱乐部感兴趣。
2．续写线索：找Jack——感到不安——道歉——Jack邀请另外三个人加入俱乐部——另外三个朋友也感兴趣
3．词汇激活
行为类
走向：go to/ on the way to/ approach/ walk toward
提出：put forward/come up with
道歉：make an apology / apologize
情绪类
惊讶：to one's surprise /surprised
感兴趣：be interested in/show interest in
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Looking into his eyes，I made an apology，explaining that I wanted to join the school book club．（运用了现在分词作状语和 that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2] The next day，we were having lunch when Jack approached，holding a notice to recruit new members，saying that if someone wanted to join the club，he must take three other students to form a group．
（运用了 sb．be doing sth．when．．．句型）

听力材料
Text 1
M：Let's get a bite to eat! How about some frozen dumplings？
W：I'm in no mood to cook a meal at home．I want to eat out today．Is that okay with you？（1）
M：Yeah，that sounds great!（1）
◆be in no mood to do sth．没心情做某事；无意做某事
Text 2
W：What time is the movie？
M：At 4：00 p．m．What's up？（2）
W：Can we make it one hour earlier？I have a meeting at 5：00 p．m．（2）
M：Sure．（2）
Text 3（第3题为推断题）
M：What are you going to get for your mom's birthday？
W：I figured I'd get her some flowers．
M：That's a great idea! And I can do some housework for her．
Text 4
M：Oh，my goodness! I failed again．
W：What's the matter？
M：I didn't pass my driving test．It's the 3rd time I've tried!
W：I'm sorry to hear that．But I believe that you can pass it next time．（4）
Text 5（第5题为主旨大意题）
M：Where are you going to celebrate your son's graduation？
W：In the blue and white house between Cherry Street and Maple Avenue．
M：Nearby the crossroads？
W：Yes．
Text 6
M：How are things going with your job？
W：Quite well! Although I work there for my term paper，it pays me as well．I have many friends who work at the Academy of Sciences without pay and I feel bad for them．（6）
M：How lucky you are! Mine doesn't pay me at all．But it isn't awful because the lunch is provided and the working hours are not too long．
W：What do you do？
M：I'm working at a fire station．I hope to save people from fire．（7）How about you？
W：I dreamed of becoming a rocket engineer．I want to create new modes of transportation!
Text 7
W：Hey，Tim．Where are you going to live when you go to university？（8）
M：I intend to live in the dorm，so I can cut the cost of living and food for reducing my parents' burden．（8）But my friend Albert wants to live with a host family to practice his Spanish．How about you，Daisy？
W：I think I'm going to go for off campus housing．I feel like the one offering much more freedom than in a dorm．There isn't a curfew，so you can come and go as you please．
M：I agree with you，but I don't want to worry about the food or rent．Besides，I think that living off campus alone is not safe for a girl．
W：You are right．But I really don't want to live in the dorm and I don't have time to find a host family now．（9）
M：Maybe you can ask Albert if his host family has a spare room．（9）
◆curfew宵禁
Text 8
M：Have you read any good books recently？
W：Yes，I've read The Art of War online．（10）The e-book is much cheaper and it's an incredible book．
M：I've read that book too．（10）It's very useful．
W：I couldn't agree more．I've been told that many top business managers have read this book and used it to run their businesses．（11）
M：Yep! What else have you read？
W：I have spent less time reading recently．I've just been reading some famous short stories，like The Necklace and The Gift of the Magi．Those are some books that my teacher advised me to read during my school life．I'm too busy to sit down and read a thick book now．（12）
M：Me，either．I try to spare the time and read because many good books have been pu