商务英语名词解释.doc

1. Budｇet —预算ａn ａcｃount　of probabｌe futｕｒe iｎｃome　ａnｄ exｐendiｔurｅ dｕring ａ sｔａteｄ， peｒiod, usu． a　ｙeａr useｄ ａs a ｇuｉde iｎ making fｉnancｉaｌ　ａｒrａngemｅnｔs.
2. Rｅturn —回报the gａｉn ｆｒｏm ａn investｍent， eitheｒ as incoｍe or yieｌd oｒ　aｓ prｏfit on the　ｓale　ｏf the　invesｔmｅnt．
３． Poｒｔfoｌｉo —证券投资组合tｈe　eｎtire　collectioｎ　of　investmｅnts ｉｎ the ｆorm of stoｃｋｓ, bｏnds,　or　ceｒｔifｉcaｔe oｆ deposiｔs ｆor ｐｕrposｅｓ other than ｃｏｎtrｏlｌing
4. Royalｔy —专利税money paid ｔo　tｈｅ　owner of　a　copｙright for permiｓsion to publish cｏpyright material　and to tｈｅ ｏwner of a pａteｎt　foｒ permissｉon　to use a paｔｅnted desiｇn, ｕsu. at a　ｇrｅed　pｅrceｎtaｇe oｆ the　sｅlling　priｃe of　the ｐｒoduct.
5. Patenｔ —专利权a specｉａl　ｒight to aｎ ｉnvｅntor　tｏ be　the　only ｐersoｎ to　make aｎd ｓell, oｒ to aｕthorｉzｅ　oｔhｅrs　to　maｋe anｄ　sell ａ nｅｗlｙ-ｉnveｎｔed　maｃhiｎe　or procｅss.
6. Non－ｔaｒiｆｆ bａrrｉｅｒ —非贸易壁垒aｌl forｍｓ of ｍａn-madｅ obｓtructionｓ　to　intｅrnaｔｉｏnａl trade　other　than　ｔariffs,　incｌｕｄing ｐｒohibｉtions　and qｕotas, etc．
7. Franｃhiｓe —经销权an ａrrangemｅnt by ｗhich　a monｏpoｌｙ produｃer　or ownｅr giｖes aｎｏtｈeｒ permissioｎ for ｔhｅ eｘcｌuｓiｖe rigｈt ｔｏ manｕfacture ｏr ｓell thｅ　products in　a cｅｒtaｉｎ　arｅa.
８.Puｒchaｓiｎg ｐower —购买力of pｅrsonｓ, thｅ ｐubｌic, haviｎg tｈe mｏney to buy gｏods and seｒvｉｃes．
９． PＰP —购买力平价purcｈasing power paｒity
１0． ｔariff —关税ｔａx levieｄ by the cｕsｔｏmｓ
11.bａrｒiers to traｄe —贸易壁垒any　actioｎ ｂy a ｇovernmｅnt　to limit　oｒ ｐｒeｖenｔ the　free flow of goods iｎ ａnd　out of its　country.
1２．ｐrimary commoditiｅs —初级产品thｏsｅ cｏｍｍodiｔｉｅs noｔ pｒocesseｄ,　or oｎｌy　slｉghｔly　pｒocesｓｅd, usually farm pｒoduｃｅ ｏｒ ｒａw maｔeriaｌs
１3.drａwback —退税duties　paid on　ｉｍporteｄ　ｇoods that ａre　reｆunｄed ｗｈen re-expｏｒｔｅd
１4.specifｉc dｕties —从量税ｄｕties ｌeｖｉｅd on the　ｂasｉｓ oｆ　quａntｉtｙ,　weｉght, ｓiｚe etc. of tｈe　goods
１5.ａd valoreｍ duｔies —从价税ｄuｔiｅs levｉed on ｔｈｅ basis of　the　ｐｒiｃe ｏｆ the ｇoods
1６.carｒiａｇｅ —运费ｔhe price or cosｔ ｏf transｐｏｒtation
1７.voluntaｒy　ofｆｅr —积极发盘ａn ｏffer　ｍadｅ on the　iｎｉｔiatiｖe of tｈe　ofｆeｒｅr
１8.cｏntractｉnｇ paｒtｉes —缔约方signaｔｏｒｉes oｆ ａn agｒeｅmeｎt
19.foｒce　majeure —[不可抗力］ ｓocial oｒ naｔural calaｍitｉes that take plaｃｅ bｅyｏnd thｅ ｃontrol ｏf a contractｉｎｇ　paｒty
20.fｉｒm　oｆfer —持盘an offeｒ whｏｓe ｔｅrmｓ　and　coｎditioｎs are　bｉndinｇ ｏｎ tｈｅ ofｆｅr
2１.offｅree —受要约人the party to wｈom an ｏffer　ｉs made
2２.hyｐerｉｎｆlation —极度通货膨胀sｏaring　ｏf priｃeｓ beｙonｄ contrｏl
2３.inｆlaｔｉon —通货膨胀risｅ　ｉn prｉcｅs　brought ａbｏｕt ｂy the eｘcｅss ｄemand，　expansion of moｎey sｕpply， ｃredｉｔ ｅｔc.
24.protｅcｔiｏnｉsm —贸易保护主义the theorｙ　oｆ thｅ system of deveｌｏpｉng　homｅ coｕｎｔries tｈｒouｇh duｔies anｄ　ｏtｈeｒ　meａns　iｍposed on　compｅｔitiｖe iｍportｓ
25.bｉlateｒal —双边旳ｏf ｔｗｏ sｉdｅs
2６.bｕnｄｌinｇ —捆绑式销售the ｅxchaｎge of ｇoods　oｒ　servｉces　aｒe tｉed ｔｏgeｔhｅr
27.creditors —债权人a pｅrson to ｗhom one oｗns money
28.debtｏr —债务人ａ pｅrｓoｎ wｈo oweｓ moneｙ
２9.defaｕｌt —违约faｉl ｔｏ ｃarrｙ ｏut ａｎ oｂligａtiｏn
30.draｆt —汇票ａｎ unconｄitional order to someone to pay　a sum　ｏf　ｍoｎｅy
31．remiｔｔanｃe —汇款tｈe senｄｉng　of mｏｎey oｒ thｅ mｏney ｓｅnt
32.draweｒ —出票人the　ｐerson who issues a draft, usuaｌlｙ the expｏｒter
33．dｒawee —受票人ｔhe　peｒｓon tｏ whｏｍ ａ draｆｔ is drawｎ
３4.creｄit-worｔｈinesｓ —资信beｉng belｉeｖed or ａcｃepｔｅd ｂｙ oｔｈeｒs as rｅlｉａｂｌe in maｋing paymeｎt
35.aｐplicanｔ oｆ　an　L/Ｃ —出口信用证ｔhe impｏrter that gｏeｓ　ｔo a baｎk for the ｅｓtabliｓhment of aｎ L/Ｃ
36．benｅfｉciarｙ —受益人ｔhe compａny ｔhａｔ cａn　ｍake　usｅ oｆ　an Ｌ/C to gｅt paid ｆor itｓ eｘport
37.coｎfirmiｎg ｂanｋ —保兑行the　ｂaｎｋ　that aｄｄs its own commiｔment to aｎ L/Ｃ
38.reimbｕrse —退款pａy　back to somebody　ｆor ｔhe exｐensｅｓ　he has　spenｔ
39．cleａn crediｔ —光票信用证a cｒｅdiｔ that ｄoｅｓ not rｅｑｕｉre ｓhｉpｐing doｃｕｍeｎｔs foｒ payｍent
40.sight cｒedit —即期信用证a creｄit　by which　paｙｍeｎt can be made upon ｐresenｔatioｎ　of　tｈe　draft
４1．mｉｄdleman —中间商tｒadeｒ　tｈrough ｗｈom gooｄs pａss ｂｅtwｅｅn tｈe ｐroｄｕcer　and the consumｅr
42.ｃｏnsignee —收货人tｈｅ partｙ　ｉn　the bｉll ｏf lａdiｎg　to　wｈｏm the gooｄｓ are shippeｄ
43.shippinｇ　marｋｓ —唛头what ｉｓ ｐrinted ｏn　thｅ ｏuｔer paｃkｉｎg　oｆ ｇoods as sｙｍbｏl　foｒ identifｉcaｔion　in the ｃｏｕrsｅ　of trａnsportaｔion
4４．inｓuranｃe policy —保险单a documeｎt ｕｓeｄ fｏr covｅriｎg poｓsiblｅ ｒiskｓ
45.ｔｉtle —昂首ｒiｇｈｔ　to the poｓsessiｏn ｏf a pｏsｉｔiｏn or propertｙ
4６.insured —被保险人a　persoｎ ｃovered by an inｓurance ｐｏｌicy
47.premium —保险费tｈe amoｕnt paiｄ bｙ an　ｉnsured ｆor cｏverage ｕnder　the　ｃonｔrａct
48.pｏtentiａl loss —潜在损失lｏss whｉch is pｏｓsｉble　tｏ incuｒ
49.claiｍ —索赔a paymｅnt demanded iｎ aｃcorｄaｎce　with ａn　insurance polｉcy
50.margin —利润amｏunt aｂｏｖe ｗhaｔ　is　esｔｉmated as ｎｅcessary
５1.undｅrｗriteｒ —保险公司a person who caｒrｉeｓ ｏｎ ｉnsuraｎcｅ　aｓ a bｕsｉｎeｓs
５2.iｎvoicｅ —发票a document for　the generａｌ ｄescription　of the goｏｄｓ　and the pｒice
５3．cｏmpensation —补偿金soｍething gｉven　or　ｒeｃeｉveｄ ａs　an equｉvaｌｅnt fｏr loss
54．ｐoolｉnｇ —联营a comｂｉｎation of　funds ｆoｒmed for　commｏn adｖａntage
5５.ｍｕlti-ｍoｄal ｔrａｎsｐｏrtation —多式联运traｎｓport thaｔ combines roaｄ, rａil,　ｓea　ａnd　ａiｒ
56.redeeｍ —兑换to repay or ｐａy ｏff, esp． ｌｏan stoｃｋ, ｄebentureｓ　and　prｅｆeｒeｎce shares or　stoｃｋ
５７.setｔｌement —结算ｔhｅ act ｏf paｙiｎg a bill,　debt,　charge,　etｃ
58.exchaｎｇe rate —汇率the pricｅ　at　wｈicｈ one cｕrreｎｃy　can　be exｃhanｇｅd for aｎｏｔｈer cuｒrenｃy
５9.ｍoneｙ cｉrcuｌａtion —货币流通money ｉｎ ｔhe　hands of tｈe puｂlic aｎd beｉng　ｕseｄ　tｏ pａy for ｇoods anｄ ｓerｖiｃeｓ
60.ｄeｖａluａtion —货币贬值thｅ　ａct ｏf a　goｖeｒnment　iｎ ｒeducing by　law ｔhｅ　exｃｈange ｖaluｅ ｏf ｉｔs ｃuｒｒｅｎcy in ｕnits of ｇold or ａｓ cｏｍpａred wｉｔh oｔher currｅncies
6１.reserve —储藏金money　held　aｓide　tｏ meet fｕtｕre deｍaｎd
６2.investmｅｎｔ —投资ｔｈe　acｔ ｏf putting money to use iｎ ｓomethｉng ofｆeriｎg　ｐroｆitable　ｒeturns
63.qｕoｔａ —配额a limit　plａced ｂy a goveｒnment　on thｅ aｍount of imporｔs or commodity
６４．VER —自动出口限制aｎ aｇreｅment by a　country’ｓ ｅxｐorteｒs or gｏveｒｎｍeｎt to　ｌimit ｔheiｒ exｐoｒts or goｖerｎｍent ｔo ｌimｉｔ their expｏｒｔs tｏ anoｔhｅｒ couｎtrｙ
65.ｉntelleｃtuａｌ　ｐｒoperty —知识产权cerｔａin noｎ-tangible assｅts held, principally coveriｎg the arｅaｓ　of pａteｎt ｐroteｃtｉon,　rｅgistered tｒaｄe　mａrks　and　desiｇｎｓ, aｎd cｏｐy-ｒiｇｈｔ
66．tax holidaｙ —免税期a period of ｔime　during ｗhicｈ　taｘ is　ｎot levied
67．ｊoiｎt venｔｕre —合资公司a ｂusiness whｅre ｔhｅ pｒｏｖｉsｉon of　ｒiｓｋ cａpital is sharｅｄ ｂeｔween two ｏr morｅ ｆｉｒms
68.ｇｉlts —金边债券stocks iｓｓuｅd　by ｇovernment
69.ｃost-effectivｅ —成本效益好pｒｏdｕｃiｎg　optimum ｒesulｔs　fｏr　the exｐendｉture
70.anti-dumｐinｇ —反倾销onｅ foｒm　of　aｃtiｏn ｗhｉch mａy　be takｅn by　ａ ｇｏvernmｅnｔ tｏ prｏtect induｓtｒies fｒｏm uｎfair comｐｅtiｔion　by ｗhｉch　gooｄs aｒe sｏｌd at ａ price lｏwer ｔhａn in　the cｏuｎｔｒy ｗhere　ｔｈey aｒe maｎufacｔｕred
71.mandate —授权ａuthoｒiｔｙ　gｉven　ｔo perfoｒm a dutｙ
７2.contrａｃtiｎg paｒty —缔约国a　ｃountry ｏr fiｒm tｈat siｇns a legal ａgreemenｔ
73.Visibｌe　tｒade有形贸易 ： The form of commodｉｔy　ｔｒade,　i．e. ｅｘportiｎｇ　ａnd impoｒtinｇ　ｇoodｓ　prｏduced or manufacｔured　in oｎｅ　country　ｆor cｏnｓｕmｐtiｏn　ｏr resａｌe in aｎother． （inclｕdiｎg　cash ｔransactｉon-ｂy mｅans oｆ money　ａnd ｍarkｅｔ,　and　ｃｏｕntｅr　tradｅ)
7４.Invisible tｒaｄe无形贸易 ： Thｅ form of　ｔransｐorｔation, cｏmmuｎｉcatioｎ, bankinｇ,　ｉnsurance, consｕltinｇ, ｉnｆｏrmaｔion　etc. is called ｉｎvisible trａｄe or　sｅrvice iｎdｕstrｉｅｓ.
75.FDＩ(　fｏｒeigｎ direcｔ investmenｔs) iｓ　mａde oｆ returnｓ throｕｇh contｒoｌling ｔhe enterｐriｓes　ｏr　asｓｅtｓ ｉｎｖｅsted　ｉｎ　a hｏst cｏuntｒｙ．
7６.Ｐｏrtfｏlio investment证券投资 :　Ｐｕrｃhases　of foreign fｉnａnｃｉａl ａsｓｅts fｏr a purｐose ｏｔher thａn controｌling.
77.Bonｄs债券： Tｈe　pａpers iｓsuｅd bｙ a ｇovernmeｎt ｏr a firm with promisｅ tｏ pay baｃk tｈe　ｍoney lｅｎt or　iｎvested ｔogｅther witｈ iｎterest.
７８.Liceｎｓing许可经营 : In ｌiｃensing,　ａ firｍ　ｌeａses　ｔhe riｇht to uｓe　its inｔellｅctual　pｒｏｐeｒty to a fiｒｍ in another countｒy. They cｈoｏse ｌicensing becaｕse　theｙ do not haｖe to mａke cａsｈ pａymｅｎｔs to sｔat　busｉness,　and cａn sｉmｐly　ｒeceive incoｍｅ in tｈｅ forｍ ｏf ｒｏyａｌty.
7９．Franchisiｎg特许经营 ： ａ firm　callｅd tｈｅ franｃｈiseｅ, is aｌlｏｗｅｄ tｏ operate　iｎ the　name of another, called tｈe fｒaｎchｉｓｅｒ　who　prｏvｉdes tｈe fｏｒmｅｒ with tｒadeｍarks， ｂrand names,　loｇos,　ａnd ｏｐｅraｔｉng　techｎｉques fｏr ｒoyaｌty.
80.Fｒaｎchｉｓer特许方 :　Ａ　firm who proｖides tｈe　fｒａncｈisｅe with tradｅｍarks,　brand naｍｅs, loｇｏs and oｐerating teｃhnｉｑues　fｏｒ royalty.
81.Francｈisee被特许方 :　A　ｆirｍ is alloweｄ to oｐｅｒate ｉn　tｈe　ｎame ｏf aｎｏｔｈeｒ．
８2.GＮP国民生产总值 :　Grｏss national　Ｐｒｏduct. The market valuｅ oｆ gｏodｓ ａnd ｓｅrｖices pｒoduｃed　by ｔhe　property and ｌａｂor ｏｗｎed by the residentｓ　ｏf an eｃonｏmy.
83.GDP国内生产总值 : Groｓs Domesｔic Ｐｒoduct.　The mａrｋｅｔ valuｅ of alｌ gooｄs and sｅrvices ｐroduced　wｉthin tｈe ｇｅogrａphic area　of an　ｅcoｎomy.
84.Ｐer capita　GDP人均国内生产总值 :　Ｉｔ　iｓ calculaｔed by divｉdiｎｇ its totaｌ ＧDP by its pｏpulation， ｗhiｃh　ｒeｖeａｌｓ　the average　income leｖeｌ　oｆ　consuｍers.
85.Ｉｎｃome distｒｉbｕtｉｏn收入分布 : Thｅ proｐorｔionｓ of itｓ rｉcｈ, middｌe　ｉncome and poor ｐｅople.
８6.Free tradｅ　ａrea自由贸易区 : Ｔhｅ meｍbers remｏｖｅ　barｒｉers ｔｏ trade　ａmonｇ tｈｅmｓelves　whiｌe still adｏpｔs ｅaｃｈ own exｔernａl ｐoliｃy
８7.Cuｓtｏms unｉoｎ关税同盟 :　The members rｅｍovｅ ｂaｒｒieｒｓ ｔo trade among　thｅmｓeｌｖes aｎd ａｄopt ｔhe same exterｎal poｌiｃy
８8.Common　maｒｋｅt共同市场 : Ｔhe　membｅrs rｅmove barｒiｅｒs noｔ ｏnlｙ　to ｔrａde bｕt ａlso tｏ　ｆactorｓ of prｏducｔｉon and aｄopｔ ｔhe same external ｐｏlicy．
89.Econoｍｉc　Ｕnｉoｎ　(ＥＵ）经济同盟 : Thｅ membｅrs reｍｏvｅ　baｒriｅrｓ not ｏnly tｏ　tｒadｅ but ａlso to factｏrs ｏf proｄｕctｉon, ａdopt thｅ　samｅ exｔｅrｎaｌ　poｌiｃy and harmonｉze ｔｈeir taxation, governmeｎt ｅxｐｅndｉtｕre, indｕsｔｒy pｏlicｉeｓ and use tｈe samｅ cｕrrｅncｙ.
９０.Ｐarｅｎt　ＭNC　heａdquａrtｅr跨国公司母公司,总部 is the originａｌ invｅｓtiｎg multinationaｌ　corporatｉｏn .　It　ｉs　also　tｈe iｎternatｉonal　ｈeadｑｕarters ｏf ｔhe　MNE .
91.Hｏme couｎty母国 :　Ｔhｅ　ｃouｎtｒy　where tｈe　heaｄquarter　oｆ ｔhe　invesｔor　iｓ　locａted.
9２.Hｏst ｃoｕntry东道国 :　The host　cｏuｎtｒy ｉs a foｒｅiｇn counｔrｙ wherｅ　ｔhe inveｓtｏr ｏperａtｅs.
9３．Ａbsolutｅ　advanｔage绝对利益 : Ｉt holｄs thaｔ a commｏdｉty ｗill be produｃｅd in thｅ cｏｕntｒy where iｔ coｓｔs ｌeasｔ　ｉn　ｔerｍs ｏf resources　(caｐital, lａnｄ and laｂｏr）
100.Ｃompａratｉve adｖanｔage比较利益 :　Eｖen　ｉf　a countｒy is less　eｆｆicient ｔｈaｎ another　in the　ｐｒｏｄuｃtion ｏf ｂｏｔh cｏmｍｏｄitｉes, ｔhere is ｓtiｌl ａ basis　fｏr muｔually beneficial tｒade.
1..Iｎternaｔｉｏnal tradｅ国际贸易 :　The exchangｅ of ｇooｄｓ ａnｄ ｓervｉｃes prodｕcｅd　ｉｎ onｅ countrｙ wｉｔh　thoｓe　produｃed　iｎ ａnother suｆficient.
2.Import dutｉｅｓ进口关税 ： Tarifｆs　lｅvｉｅd on ｇoｏds enｔering an area
3.Eｘpoｒt dｕｔies出口关税 : Ｔaｘｅs levied on ｇoods lｅａｖing an ａrea
4.Mosｔ-favored-ｎatioｎ (MＦN) ｔreatment最惠国待遇 ： A　tarｉff trｅａtmｅnt uｎder　whiｃｈ ａ ｃountry　is reqｕｉred　to extｅnd　to　ａｌl　signaｔｏries ａnｙ tariff conceｓsions granｔed to any pａrticipatinｇ cｏｕｎｔrｙ
5．Iｎqｕirｙ / enquｉrｙ询盘、询价 ： Iｔ is made ｂy thｅ ｂｕyers　to get inｆormation　about ｔhe gooｄｓ to　be　ordｅｒｅd ｓｕch　as　quaｎtitｙ, sｐeｃｉfｉcaｔions， pｒiceｓ, tｉｍe of　shipmeｎt　ａｎd　oｔheｒ termｓ.
6.Qｕoｔａｔion报盘 :　Ｅstｉｍaｔｅ　of how muｃh soｍethinｇ　will cｏst
7.Cｏuntｅｒ　offer还盘： New ｏfｆer ｍade ｂy thｅ　ｏriginal　ｏffｅｒeｅ tｏ the origｉnal offerｅr
8．ｉnflation : Rise in prices brｏuｇht abouｔ by ｔhe excess demand, expａｎsiｏn oｆ monｅy sｕpply, credｉt　ｅｔc
９.Barｔer易货贸易： The　ｄｉrect ｅxchａｎge oｆ goods and sｅrvices， whicｈ is compｌeted ｉｎ　a shｏｒt　pｅriｏd ｏf　ｔｉme．
１0.Counｔeｒ ｐurｃhase反向购买、互购贸易: The　asｓumｐtiｏn by an eｘporter　ｏf　a trａｎsfｅｒable oｂligation thｒough　sｅparate　but ｌinkｅd contraｃｔ to ａccepｔ　aｓ fuｌl　or　partｉal　payｍent ｇooｄｓ ａｎd　sｅrvｉces frｏm　the importer　or imｐortiｎg cｏuｎtry.
１1.Ｂuｙback回购贸易： Ａｎ　agreeｍｅnt　by ａn eｘportｅｒ of ｐlant and eｑｕipmｅnt tｏ　take　ｂack in tｈe future part　oｆ the outpuｔ ｐroduｃｅｄ　ｂy tｈesｅ goods as　fｕll or paｒtｉａｌ ｐａyment.
１2．Ｒｅmｉttaｎcｅ 汇付: Thiｓ　methoｄ　is　aｌwayｓ ｅmployed bｙ ｔhｅ partｉes who ａrｅ familiar　with ａｎd trust eａch othｅr
1３．Docｕｍｅntaｒy dｒａft跟单汇票: Ｔｈe ｄraft ｉs　accｏｍpanieｄ ｂｙ the reｌｅvant doｃumeｎts.
14.Dｏｃumｅｎｔary collｅcｔion跟单托收: It　ｉｓ　mｅans ｏf ensurｉｎg thａt ｔhe gooｄｓ　aｒe　only　ｈanded ｏvｅr ｔo　ｔhe　buｙer ｗhen tｈe ａｍounｔ sｈoｗｎ ｏn a ｂiｌｌ of　ｅxchange iｓ　paid ｏr when the ｃustomer ａｃcepｔｓ the　ｂiｌl as a ｃｏntｒact to pay　ｂy a ｓpｅｃiｆiｅｄ date.
15．Ｓigｈt draft即期汇票： The ｄraft caｌls foｒ immedｉａte pａymeｎt on　preseｎtaｔｉon ｔo the　draweｅ.
1６.Uｓａncｅ dｒaft远期汇票 Tｅrm　ｄraft = Tenor draft：　Tｈe ｄraft is　payable aｔ a laｔer datｅ on presｅｎｔatioｎ tｏ　thｅ drawee.
17.Ｄrａft汇票：＝ Biｌｌ of　ｅｘchange ． It　is an　uncｏnｄitionａl　order to a　bａnｋ ｏr a cｕstomer to　pay a sｕｍ of mｏｎeｙ ｔo someｏne　oｎ ｄemand　or　aｔ a ｆｉxｅd　ｔiｍｅ in thｅ fuｔｕre.
１8.ｂｉlｌ　ｏf　ｅｘcｈange —汇票wｒiｔten order drawn　ｂy the beneｆｉciary on tｈe bank foｒ　the purpｏse　oｆ paｙment
１９．Applｉcant (Ｏｐener oｒ Prinｃipａl)申请人: The　ｐｅrson wｈo iｎｓｔructｓ his　ｂank to　issuｅ an Ｌ／C. （the impoｒter)
２0.aｐｐlicant of an Ｌ/C :The imporｔer　thａt goes ｔo a banｋ　ｆｏr thｅ esｔaｂｌｉshment of aｎ L/C
21.Opｅnｉng baｎk (Iｓｓuｉｎg bａnk, Eｓtａblishinｇ　bank)开证行： Ｔhe　bａnk tｈat issuｅｓ the creｄiｔ．
22.Openiｎg ｂaｎｋ: ｔhｅ baｎｋ　that issueｓ　ｔｈｅ ｌetｔｅr of ｃredit　iｓ called tｈe ｏｐening　bａｎk .
23.Beneｆｉciaｒy受益人 ：The　ｅｘporteｒ　in whｏse faｖor　the ｃrｅdit is ｏpened
24.Correｓｐｏndent bａnd往来行、关系行 ：Ｔhｅ bａnｋ in ｔｈe exportｅr’s　couｎtｒｙ, whicｈ ｔhe oｐeｎｉng banｋ sends ｔhe credｉt　ｔｏ it
25．Aｄvｉsｉng　bａnｋ告知行: Ｔhe baｎk ｉｎ the eｘｐorｔｅr’s　coｕntｒy, wｈich advises tｈe expｏrtｅｒ ｔhe L/C,　is　ｒeceived.
2６.Conｆirming bank保兑行： The　bａnk　adds　its conｆirmatｉｏn to tｈｅ　ｃredit.
２７.Payinｇ ｂank付款行： The　bank acｃｅpｔs or nｅgotiateｓ ｔhe biｌl oｆ eｘchanｇe.
28.Negotiating　bank议付行: The ｂanｋ buｙs the　exｐorter’s dｒaｆt　subｍitteｄ to　iｔ　under　a crｅｄit.
29.Ｔhe ｄocumenｔary crｅdit跟单信用证： Ｔhe　crｅdｉts thａt rｅqｕｉre　shippiｎg dｏcｕmeｎtｓ ｔo　be pｒeseｎｔｅd ｔogｅther with　the draｆt.
30.Revｏcable credit可撤销信用证： The ｃredits can　be alｔered　ｏr　eveｎ　canceled　withoｕt　coｎｓuｌting ｗｉtｈ ｔhe beｎeｆiｃiary.
3１.Ｉrreｖoｃａｂlｅ cｒedit不可撤销信用证 : Tｈe　credｉｔ tｈat caｎ not be amｅndｅd or　ｒeｖokeｄ witｈout thｅ ｃoｎsｅnt of　al ｔhe pａrｔieｓ　cｏｎcerned.
3２.Confｉrｍed crｅdit保兑信用证： The　ｃｒｅdit is　coｎfiｒmｅd bｙ a　ｂank otheｒ　thaｎ ｔhe issuｉng　ｂank
3３.Uｎconfｉｒｍｅd crｅdit不保兑信用 ：The cｒedit isn’t conｆiｒmeｄ by ａnotｈer bａnk
3４.Sight cｒedｉt即期信用证: The ｃreｄit by　whicｈ payｍent　can　bｅ ｍade ｕpon　ｐresentatioｎ ｏf tｈe ｄraft
35.usａnce credit (Tｅrｍ ｃrｅdｉt, Tｉｍe crediｔ)远期信用证: The credit by　which ｐayｍｅnｔ cａnｎot　be　ｍade uｎtｉl a ｓｐecific date oｒ　a　spｅcｉfiｃ tｉme　after the ｄate of　ａｆteｒ siｇht.
36．Tｒansferable credit可转让信用证: The　credｉｔ can be tｒansferｒed by the original bｅneｆiｃiａｒｙ to ｏne　oｒ more　partiｅs.
３7.Noｎ-tｒansferable　cｒｅdit不可转让信用证： Tｈe　cｒedit ｃan not be traｎｓｆerred.
38.Non－ｄraft　crediｔ无汇票信用证: Tｈe　ｃｒedｉt　tｈat paymｅnt of to　be maｄe ｂy presｅntatｉoｎ of the　doｃuｍeｎts　wiｔhoｕt tｈe forｍalｉｔy　of drａｗing and presentiｎg ａ ｄraｆt.
39.Rｅvolving crediｔ循环信用证: The crｅdｉt stipulａteｄ that iｔs amount ｃaｎ be renewed　or reｉnstatｅd wiｔhｏut specific aｍendmeｎｔ to the crｅｄit ｂｅｉnｇ ｍade.
40.Cｏｍmｅrciａｌ invｏice商业发票： The dｏcuｍｅｎt　is　the ｇｅnerａl descripｔiｏn　ｏf the quａｌity and ｑuaｎtｉty of the goods and　the uniｔ and total ｐrice.　
41.Lｅgal holder合法持有人 ｉｓ ａn ｏwner　of a prｏperｔy who　is eｎtitled ｔo it　ｂy ｌaｗ
42.Packing lｉst装箱单: The　docｕmeｎtｓ gives　inｆoｒmation　such ａs the ｎumber, date, namｅ　aｎｄ ｄesｃription of the gooｄs, shipping　marｋｓ,　packiｎg, number ｏｆ pａｃkages, sｐecifｉc coｎteｎts of each pａckage and its ｎet witｈ ａnd groｓs　weight eｔc．
43.Sｔｒaｉght ｂｉll of ｌａｄinｇ记名提单： Iｔ iｓ maｄe out so thａt　only the ｎaｍed conｓignee is entitleｄ to ｔake deｌiveｒy ｏf ｔhe goｏds unｄｅｒ the ｂｉll．
44．Commoｎ ｃarrier公共承运人: Ｉt is privately oｒ publicly owned　ｃompanｉｅs　cｏmmitted　ｔｏ　performiｎg ａ movｅment seｒｖｉｃe　of ｔhｅ same qｕａlｉｔy fｏr all shipperｓ　on ａn ｅqｕal　ｂaｓｉs anｄ　ｗitｈout ｄｉscriｍinatiｏn.
４5.Cｏｎtract ｃarｒier契约承运人: Ｉndiｖｉdual contraｃts may ｂe arranged between　transpｏｒｔａtｉon usｅrs ａnd ｃarriｅrｓ　(the ｔranspｏrtatiｏn ｃompanｙ).