虚拟语气表格归纳模板.doc

状语从句中虚拟语气
虚拟语气在if引导条件句中使用方法三点:
从句（条件）
主句（目）
表示于现在事实相反虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词过去式（be用were）
主语+would(should could might)+动词原型
表示与过去事实相反拟条件句
If+主语+had+动词过去分词
主语+would（should could might）+have+动词过去分词
表示与未来事实相反虚拟条件句
If+主语+should（were to）+动词原型/动词过去式
主语+would（could should might）+动词原型
混合条件句——主从句时间不一致情况下虚拟语气
有时条件从句中动作与主句中动作, 发生时间不一致, 这是动作形式应依据它所表示时间加以调整。

含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来, 而是用介词短语（otherwise, or, without, but for）上下文或其她方法来表示。
1. 条件暗含在短语中;
2. 条件暗含在上下文中;
3. 虚拟式变为习惯说法, 极难找出其暗含条件。
条件从句中省略if采取倒装语序情况
在if引导表示虚拟条件状语从句中, 有时能够把虚拟条件中连词if省去, 而将had, should, were等助动词提到主语之前。
例: 原句: If she were younger,she,would do it.
去if: Were she younger,she,would do it.
虚拟语气在as if/as though引导方法状语从句中
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑, 谓语动词用过去式。
2.表示与过去事实相反, 谓语动词用过去完成时。
3．表示与未来事实相反
注意: 1.在as if/as though 句中, 假如有可能成为事实, 用陈说语气。例: He looks as if he going to be ill.
2.as though或as if引导状语从句, 从句主语和主句主语相同时, 从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。
虚拟语气用在lest, for fear that, so that及in order that引导目状语从句中表示“以防, 以免”等意思
谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型组成
由“providing（that）/provided（that）/on condition that/suppose（that）/supposing（that）”引导条件从句
依据情况, 1.能够用虚拟语气。
例: suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out.
2.也能够用陈说语气。
例: They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..
“In case”引导从句中即可用陈说句, 也能够用虚拟语气
（should）+动词原型
例: 1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.
2.The game will be put off in case it snows.
名词性从句中虚拟语气
一: 宾语从句中虚拟语气
1.在动词wish/holp后宾语从句中虚拟语气
对现在情况虚拟: 从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
对过去情况虚拟: 从句谓语动词用过去完成时, 或would, could, might+现在完成时。
对未来情况虚拟: 从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
在表示提议, 命令, 要求, 忠言, 等动词后面宾语从句中虚拟语气
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气, “should”常被省略。
常见这类动词有:
表示“提议, 劝说, 提议”: propose,suggest,recommend,advise.
表示“要求”: ask,desire, request,demand,require,beg
表示“同意, 坚持”: insist
表示“决定, 命令”: decide,order
注意: suggest,insist不表示提议或坚持要某人做某事时, 即它们用于其本意暗示, 表明, 坚持认为时, 宾语从句用陈说语气。
在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词否定或疑问形式后宾语从句中虚拟语气
常常见“should+动词原型（或完成形式）, 表示惊奇, 怀疑, 不满等情绪。
Would rather, had rather, 后宾语从句中虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或未来相反, 用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做事悔恨”。
注意: 1.若某人愿自己做某事, would rather后用动词原型
2.would rather…..than……中用动词原型
主语从句中虚拟语气
“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that….”结构中虚拟语气
表示形式为should+动词原形或省略should
常见形容词: natural, appropriate, advisable, necessary, important, urgent, probable, possible, desirable, strange。
注意: 在上述所列形容词后面用that引出宾语从句中, 谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
例: I don’t think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验, 指派她做这项工作我认为是不合适)
在“It is (was)+名词+that…..”结构句中虚拟语气
表示提议, 命令, 请求, 道歉, 怀疑, 惊奇等。
这类名词有: advice, decision, desire, demand, idea, order, pity, proposal, recommendation, suggestion, surprise, wish, wonder等。
表语从句或同位语从句中虚拟语气
一些表示提议, 请求, 命令等主观意向名词做主语时, 其后表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气
表示形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。
这类名词常见有: demand, desire, requirement, advice, recommendation, suggestion, order, necessity, proposal, plan, idea。
在It is (about/high) time+that 定语从句中虚拟语气
表示“该做……..时候了”
其动词形式用通常过去时或should+动词原型
注意: 在this is the first time/ second time that….句型中, 从句中谓语动词用陈说语气完成时态。
If only 引发感叹句中虚拟语气
If only引出感叹句, 意思是“要是…..多好”, 表示说话人一个愿望。
例: If only he didn’t drive so fast!(现在)
If only the rain would stop.(未来)
Look at the terrible situation I am in !if only I had followed your advice(过去)
高中英语虚拟语气习题精选
1. If I had had enough time, I___ my work.　　　　
A. would finish　 B. must have finished　 C. would have finished　 D. had finished
2.Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane.　　　　
A. will catch　 B. would catch　C. would have caught　 D. will have caught
3. Mr Green requires that the students ___ a composition every other week.
A. write　　 B. written　　 C. would write　　 D. will write
4.Had he studied hard, he___ the exam.　　　　　　　　　
A. would pass　 B. could pass　 C. had passed　D. would have passed
5.I wish I ___ what is happening there in his room.　　
A. know　 B. known　 C. knew　 D. should know
6.It is important that you ___ sports every day.　
A. have　 B. would have　 C. must have　 D. will have
7.If there were no water in the world, everything ___.　
A. will die　 B. would die　C. would have died　D. would have been dead
8. ___ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.
A. Had I known　 B. If I know　 C. If I knew　 D. If had I known
9.He ordered that the work ___ right away.　　　　　
A. should finish　 B. finished　 C. would be finished　 D. be finished
10.—Shall we go to the movie tonight? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
—No, I'd rather ___ at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.
A. you stayed　 B. you stay　 C. stayed　 D. stay
11. ___ in your position, I would help him.　　　　
A. Was I　 B. Were I　 C. If I am　 D. If I had been
12.I ___, but I was stopped by the heavy rain.　　　
A. mean to come　B. meant to come　 C. had meant to come　 D. meant coming
13.Mrs Black insists___ in that old hotel.　　
A. not to stay　 B. not staying　 C. staying not　 D. that she not stay
14.If you had spoken clearly, you would___.　　　　　
A. understand it　 B. have understood　 C. be understood　 D. have been understood
15. If you ___ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.
A. haven't watched　B. hadn't watched　 C. didn't watch　 D. wouldn't have watched
二、 用括号中所给动词合适形式填空 
1.If you 　　　　　　　(arrive) ten minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. 
2.It's time that we 　　　　　　　(go) to the railway station. 
3.If they　　　　　 　(not help) us ,our experiment would have failed. 
4.You're five minutes late.I suggested that you 　　　　　　　(come )earlier tomorrow. 
5.Mather often tells us that it is necessary that we 　　　　　　　(drink) a glass of water after we get up. 
6.She insisted that she 　　　　　　　　(send) to work in the faraway small town. 
7._________I not 　　　　　　(forget) his telephone number, I would have rung him. 
8. He is busy now. If he 　　　　　　　(be) free, he 　　　　　　(go) with you. 
9. The manager was in his office then. If he 　　　(be) here, everything         (settle) in a minute. 
10.Noisy as it was, he went on reading as if nothing 　　　　　　　(happen).