新版自然拼读法Phonics基本规则.doc

自然拼读法(Phonics)基础规则
自然拼读法基础规则:
1.  二十六个字母读音 (Letter Sounds).
l 五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每个发两种音: 长音（其字母音）和短音
l y不在单词开头时, 通常被看做元音
2.  单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)
  假如一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音, 且元音不在末尾, 这个元音通常发短音.
  如: Sam, cat, mat, 等等．
l Ending Consonants　
l One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds
l Beginning Consonants
3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):
一个单词或音节里有两个元音时, 　通常来说, 前边一个元音发长音（其字母音）, 　后边一个元音不发音．　
如:make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等．
4. 双/三辅音在一起时联读 (Consonant Blends)
l Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
l Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)
l Words ending in ll, ss, ff
l Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)
5. 特殊读法(1)–带元音特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)
  igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo
以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发音。
Examples:
l ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)
l   al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)
ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight),
      ed:
u says /ed/:  patted, landed, lifted
u  says /t/: walked, hopped, stopped
u  says /d/: cried, played, chewed
l er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)
l ie (field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ire
l oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt,
      oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),
      ow (读音一: cow, now, how, bow; 　读音二: bow, low, blow, snow),
      ou (shout, out, loud)
      ould (could, would), ough (五种不一样读音: cough, through, ought, slough, plough),
      ought, , ous (famous, nervous),
l ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
l tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression),
l ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le
6. 特殊读法(2)
l 假如一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾, 　这个元音通常发长音（其字母音） (Vowel at the end)．　
如: me, hi, go, baby, table, humor, hibernate 等等。
l Y在末尾 (作为元音处理）（y at the end）:
  u 单音节词, 没有其她元音, y发”I”(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as “I”)): my, why, fly, sky
  u 多音节词, y发”E” 音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”)): daddy, mommy, baby, honey, crazy
7. 特殊读法(3) - 固定读音单词 (Sight Word):
is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field…… 等.
它们不遵守前边发音规则, 需要死记硬背。
8. 特殊读法(4) – 辅音特殊读法
l 有部分辅音不发音 (silent consonants)．　　
u   u Silent b: comb, lamb
u   u Silent h: ghost
u   u Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know…
u   u Silent w: write, wrist, wreck …
l "c" 和 "k" 在一起时, 　发一个音: quick, black等.　
l "q" 总是和"u"在一起: quite, quick, quit, quilt等.
    之所以指出这一点, 是在这里u不能再被认为是元音, 而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合.  于是, 在quite这个单词里只有两个元音, 是双元音单词, 第一个元音i发字母音, 第二个元音e不发音.
l "p"和 "h"在一起, 发/f/音: phone, photo.
l 复数s及末尾s读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)
c和g 两种读音:
u   u 假如i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g后边, c发/s/, g发/j/音: center, cigar, nice, mice, gem, giant, gym, page.
u   u 其她情况下, c发/k/, g发/g/: can, clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log.
u   u 特殊情况: get, give
9. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)
l 多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound
l 复合词: homework, highway, sidewalk, inside, outside