本科自考英语二包过班资料.doc

前景国际教育 自考英语二综合辅导 电话：62510430 86526339
网址： E-mail:qianjingedu@

英语二保过班
辅导讲义

北京前景国际教育
2010-03

课程辅导说明

1、基本要求
英语二是自考本科阶段的必修课，英语程度相当于“大学英语教学大纲”规定的三级以上水平。
2、考核内容
（1）词汇：单词约4000个（2000个常用基本词汇），词组约800个。
（2）语法：包括三部分
a：词法：（1）各类词性的基本用法，如名词及其复数形式；冠词的基本用法；代词的形式及用法；形容词与副词的比较等级（同级、比较级和最高级）；常用介词及介词短语的用法；连词及其用法；动词及其基本形式（过去式和过去分词的不规则变化、基本时态、情态动词表推测）；（2）由基本词性引发出的各种语法现象，如被动语态；非谓语形式；虚拟语气的特殊形式。
b：句法：句子成分；句子形式（陈述句、虚拟句、祈使句）；句子类型（简单句、并列句、复合句）；各种名词性从句和状语性从句的种类及常用关联词；倒装句和强调句；独立主格结构。
c：构词法：派生法、合成法与转换法；常用前缀和后缀。
（3）阅读：掌握基本阅读技能，阅读并正确理解与课文难度相当的文章，回答文中相关问题，一般阅读速度为每分钟60词。
（4）汉译英：运用所学词汇和语法，将内容一般的汉语句子译成英语。要求译文基本符合英语表达习惯，语句通顺，无重大语法错误，单词拼写正确。
（5）英译汉：掌握英译汉的基本方法与技巧，能将与课文难度相仿的文章或者文章中的长难句译成汉语，要求理解正确，译文比较通顺。笔译速度为每小时200-300英语词。
3．指定教材
指定教材：《大学英语自学教程》（上、下册），高等教育出版社，高远主编
4．辅导宗旨：分析近年真题，把握命题趋向，找寻答题规律，复习有的放矢。每年的考察点是固定的，只是在句意和题干结构方面有所调整。注意上下文语言标志或线索，争取一眼看出考点所在。

测试点梳理
一．词汇：拼写、词性、词义、词缀、色彩和搭配
词汇部分的测试内容包括词义相近（相反）、词形相近、逻辑关系、固定搭配（动词+介词或副词，介词+宾语），词性涉及到实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词）以及结构词（介词、连词和冠词）。实词主要测试词语意义，结构词主要结合句法结构进行考察。
（一）测试类型
1．词义相近：英语中近义词很多（neglect, overlook, ignore和get, obtain, acquire, secure），注意意义的微妙差异及不同的使用语域。
（1）The party has failed to _____ the majority of voters that it is capable of governing the country.
A. trust            B. credit      C. convince          D. believe
（2）He has called a meeting of all parties with a to forming a new government.
A. purpose B. reason C. view D. goal
（3）In every major city there are more apartments than there are homeless people.
A. blank B. vacant C. empty D. bare
2．词形相近：外观相似，意义不同，用法不一样，有时相差万里，词语之间并无直接联系。如inspect, respect, prospect；confirm, conform, deform, uniform, reform, inform；resume, consume, presume；similar, familiar；find, found。
（1）What do you , tea or coffee?
A. infer B. refer C. defer D. prefer
（2）________ yourself to the job in hand, and you'll soon finish it.
A. Reply B. Imply C. Apply D. Supply
（3）At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help ________ domestic workers from abuse by their employers.
A. protect B. suspect C. expect D. inspect
3．逻辑关系：主要靠上下文的意义和逻辑关系进行判断。
（1）The challenge is not one of expansion. the rapid growth in enrollment over the last 40 years has come to an end.
A. As a result B. By all means C. In contrast D. On the countary
(2) This drug was thought to be because it had serious side effects.
A. weak B. powerful C. harmless D. harmful
注意区别：by-products, associate professor, vice-president
4．固定搭配：包括动词＋介词，动词＋副词和动词＋副词＋介词以及介词词组。
(1) Our efforts were not made .
A. in vain B. in nature C. in reality D. in effect
(2) He going to the doctor as long as he could.
A. put in B. put off C. put out D. put up
(3) We‘ll keep you ______ any news.
A. up to date with B. in step with C. in line with D. in terms of
5．其它：一般还是测试搭配，不过跟上面不太一样（上面填上哪个语法似乎都可以，只是意义不同），而这种情况下从意义和搭配上只有一个是最佳的，有时单从意义上便可做出选择。
(1) American men don’t cry because it is considered not ________ of men to do so.
A. characteristic B. tolerant C. symbolic D. independent
(2) I don’t like him at all but I his bravery.
A. approve B. accept C. admire D. judge
(3) The students would not have made so much progress under less ______ conditions.
A. popular B. welcome C. favorable D. prosperous
作这类题型，一般先从词义考虑，然后看一下是否有固定搭配。若采用二者还不能决定的话，就只能凭语感进行排除和选择。
（二）扩大词汇量的方法
扩大词汇量的方法很多，可根据自己的实际情况选用不同的方法。但有一点必须注意的是，记忆单词必须有上下文才能取得最佳的记忆效果。
1．大量阅读
精读法，泛读法，半精读半泛读法。如果三种阅读法结合起来，效果会最佳。
2．联想法记忆单词
在有了相当词汇量积累的基础上，可以采用联想进行归类，把相关词类总结在一起。归类的标准可以根据词性、意义（近义、反义）等，这样举一反三，从一到多，可以迅速增加词汇量。
（1）．词性联想：从某一词类联想其它相关的词类。
courage –encourage -courageous- discouraged
（2）．词义联想
近义：同一语域，但意义有细微区别，用在不同场合。
intention（动机）, purpose（目的）, desire（愿望）, attempt（企图）, goal（目标）
mirror（镜子）, reflection（三“反”）, vision（眼界、视力）, picture（图片）, image（形象）
expand（扩展）, stretch（伸展）, extend (延伸), spread（传播）
imaginative（富有想象力的）, imaginable（可以想象的）, imaginary（想象出来的，虚构的）
反义：动词、名词和的反义词需要日常积累，如ascend和descend, present和absent, import和export, internal和external。
这类形容词较多，记形容词一般要记反义词。
a．不规则变化的形容词（或副词）以及常见相关反义词。
often - seldom, dangerous- safe
b．加否定前缀的adj，如ir, il, im, dis, un, mis, non等。
irregular, illegal, impossible, disinterested, unnecessary, misleading, non-smoking
c．否定后缀（-less）的adj， careless
（3）．词形联想：
intend, extend, pretend, attend；stationary（adj静止的）, stationery（n文具）；
pray（v祈祷）, prey（n猎物、俘虏）
3．构词法
a．adj+分词构成另一形容词，作定语、表语和宾补
ill-fitting（不合身的） absent-minded（心不在焉的）
b．n+n构成另一名词
eye-witness（证人） ear-phone（耳机）
c．数字+单位构成形容词
three-year-old boy ten-minute-walk（走路10分钟）
4．前后缀法：主要指一些实词，加上前后缀可以改变词性和词义。
动词前后缀：en- -en, -ify, -ise；名词后缀：-ness, -ment, -ation, -ance, -ence, -ty, -dom,-hood等；形容词后缀：-ful, -ative, -able, -ible, -en等。
5．同一词作不同词性时的不同意义：build, bear, content, secure
总之，记单词，要记词义（包括褒义和贬义）、词性、搭配和用法，这四方面缺一不可，尤其要注意词语在词性发生变化时是否产生新的含义。还要注意，词组的搭配并不是其中每个词意义的简单相加，不能从表面上理解特殊搭配的意义，要把短语看成一个整体部分进行理解。

二．语法结构：单选、完型、词语形式、汉译英
语法要点：时态、语态（被动语态）、语气（虚拟语气）、非谓语三形式、独立主格、强调结构、情态动词表推测等。一般把时态、语态和语气结合起来进行测试。做题时，需要全面考虑。
各类词语：连接词、形容词（同级比较）、副词的位置、代词的指称关系、介词等。
温馨提示：测试要点分开来讲，但真正测试时，更多的是几种情况的结合考察。因此，掌握测试要点之后，要试着把不同部分结合起来考虑。
1． 时态
If it rain tomorrow, we will take our foreign teachers to the Summer Palace.
A. won’t B. doesn’t C. don’t D. shall not
I guess the rain by tomorrow noon.
A. will be stopping B. will have stopped C. will stop D. will have been stopping
2．语态：首先要判断主语和谓语之间的关系是发出或是接受，再断定选用主动还是被动。
They all the task before we returned.
A. finished B. would finish C. were finishing D. had finished
I am not used to like that.
A. to being spoken B. to speak C. being spoken D. to speaking
3．虚拟语气：特殊形式和倒装结构
（1）一般形式：
a．与现在事实相反：If +主语+did（were）…，主语+ would （should, could, might）+动原
If I knew him well, I should speak to him about it myself.
If I were you, I would not go with him.
b．与过去事实相反：If +主语+had done（been）…，主语+ would（should, could, might）+have done
If it had not been for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.
c．对将来情况的假设或怀疑：If +主语+should do (be)…，主语+ should（would, could, might）+动原
If there should be no air, there would be no living things.
(2)倒装三形式：
Were +主语＋表语，主语+would do (be)
Were he to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.
Should +主语＋动词原形，主语+would do (have done)
Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would inform you in advance.
Had +主语+过去分词，主语+would have done
Had it not been for our teacher, we’d have never been able to overcome the difficulties.
但特别注意混合型的虚拟语气，（1）在前后句中，一句为陈述语气，而另一句为虚拟语气。或（2）前后句中虚拟的时态不一致。如
If he had worked harder in college, he would be a promising engineer now.
(3)特殊结构：wish +从句时采用虚拟；某些动词、名词和形容词后+that从句，从句时态采用动词原形的虚拟形式；It is（about或high）time +从句；would rather，would just as soon +从句用一般过去时；同时还需注意虚拟被动式以及情态动词表虚拟与表推测的区别。
If the earth flat, the sun would rise and set at the same time for all people in all countries.
A. were B. is C. has been D. had been
Why are you so late? You here two hours ago!
A. need have been B. will have been C. ought have been D. should have been
How I wished that I at your age!
A. was B. were C. had been D. am
It is necessary that the moving parts of the machine very often.
A. were oiled B. be oiled C. would be oiled D. had to be oiled
It is about time that we started our work.
(4)特殊连词：lest, for fear that, in case, as if引导的从句中，用should(would, might, could)+v形式
The film star wore dark glasses for fear that someone should recognize him.
(5)Whatever, whoever, however, whichever, no matter what(who, how)等强式连接词引导的从句，可用动词原形表示虚拟语气，主句用陈述语气。
Whatever the reason be, the facts can’t be altered.
However hard it rain, we shall go home tonight.
(6)特殊介词：without, but for ；以及if only的特殊情况
4．非谓语形式：不定式、分词和动名词，充当除谓语以外的所有成分，还有时态和语态的划分。否定形式：not放在非谓语之前。
动名词：测试重点：动名词作宾语。一般构成：doing 和having done。需记住常接动名词作宾语的动词，如enjoy, avoid, suggest, risk, deny, appreciate, consider, finish, allow, permit, practice等。特殊结构：there is no use doing, there is no denying, have difficulty (trouble) doing。介词后跟动名词宾语。注意有些动词后可跟两种形式：like, dislike, love, hate, mean, stop, try, remember, forget, regret等。
动词不定式：测试重点：不定式作宾语、宾补等。
一般构成：to do，to have done 被动形式：to be done， to have been done
分词：测试重点：分词作定语和宾补的形式。现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）。修饰分词必须用副词。
Young people often feel an urge to try before the age set by law.
A. a smoking B. smoke C. to smoke D. smoking
China and Japan are close neighbors only by a strip of water.
A. separating B. to separate C. separated D. to be separated
The child pretended what his parents were saying.
A. to be not listening to B. not to be listening to C. not listening to D. not listen to
He was seen the car at high speed on the highway.
A．driving B．to drive C．driven D．drives
5．独立主格：with+逻辑主语+分词短语，注意跟分词短语做状语区分开，关键是逻辑主语。
The winter vacation over, he got down to his work again.
A. was B. were C. had been D. being
Such the case, we had no choice but to return home.
A. being B. is C. has D. be
Weather , the whole class decided to go outing.
A. permitted B. permitting C. being permitted D. permits
6．强调句式和结构
Oxygen does not burn, but it .
A. does help wood burning B. do help wood burn C. did help wood burning D. does help wood burn
It was in this house he was born eighty years ago.
A. that B. where C. in which D. what
Five hundred dollars will be granted to can find the bank robber.
A. that B. whomever C. whatever D. whoever
７．倒装句：
全部倒装：毋需助动词，介词或副词置于句首。
部分倒装：需要助动词。比如，否定词放在句首，only放句首都要倒装。
“I’m not going to buy the book.”
“ .It’s too expensive.”
A. I don’t either B. Neither am I C. So am I D. I’m not, too
Little that the police were about to arrest him.
A. he is known B. did he know C. does he know D. is he known
Hardly had he entered the room when the bell rang.
8．各类词语
（1）情态动词
You read that article if you don’t want to.
A. haven’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
It must have rained last night. You see, the ground is very wet.
（must和can表推测；need和dare可作实义动词；情态动词的反义疑问句。）
（2）连词：复合连词居多，主要是从属连词。掌握特殊连词：that, what, which, as, while, so (such) that.
Larry took a train from New York to California he could see the country.
A. after B. as C. such that D. so that
He was allowed to go swimming he kept near the other students.
A. for fear that B. unless C. but that D. on condition that
（3）形容词、副词比较级和形容词作表语。
Besides being expensive, the food tastes .
A. badly B. too much bad C. too badly D. bad
温馨提示：注意一些不及物动词作系动词的情况，如sound, taste, feel, smell, look, prove, seem, appear等。还要注意在系动词和表语中间有副词时的用法，不要把该副词当作表语。
常用修饰副词：far, much, very, too, rather, quite, very much
特殊形容词：lively, lovely, friendly, leisurely, neighborly, timely, weekly, yearly
特殊副词：sharp, fast, live, but, that
The room is about in diameter as the hall.
A. one-third as large B. as one-third large C. as large one-third D. one-third large as
（4）介词：主要是介词固定搭配，需要通过各种途径加以理解和记忆。
Will you give an example support of your argument?
A. for B. to C. with D. in
（5）代词
London has a larger population than in the United Kingdom.
A. any city B. any cities C. any other city D. all other city

三．完形填空：
即Close test，目的是测试综合运用语言的能力。该项综合性强，又有相当难度。
完型填空注意事项：一选得快，二选得准。
People work, play, and 11 ideas with one another. To live together, people must understand one another. There are many ways 12 people to let others know what they think or want. There are many ways in which people can find out what others think or want. The ways of knowing about others or 13 your ideas are called communication.
Most communication is done by language. Some is spoken and 14 is written. There must be someone who listens to and understands spoken language to have communication. Someone must read and understand written language 15 there is communication.
There are ways of communicating without language, too. A smile is understood 16 , 17 is laughing and crying. Pointing to something directs attention to the object. Even a glance can be used to communicate. Some movements of the body have special meanings. For example, we nod our heads to say "Yes" and shake them from side to side to mean "No".
Sometimes pictures are used to explain a thought or to tell a story. Sometimes a simple sound or even a color is used to give 18 . For example, red is often a danger 19 . A horn or whistle blast warns us 20 a passing train or an automobile. Maps show directions.
11. A. share B. catch C. get D. give
12. A. of B. for C. among D. between
13. A. let others to know B. let others know C. letting others know D. letting others known
14. A. another B. some C. others D. none
15. A. until B. after C. since D. before
16. A. somewhere B. everywhere C. nowhere D. anywhere
17. A. and B. thus C. it D. so
18. A. information B. investigation C. evidence D. knowledge
19. A. sign B. color C. view D. matter
20. A. for B. on C. of D. by

四．阅读理解：问题类型，每类答案在文章中的位置，答案与文中出现答案的句子之间的关系
（一）常见的测试题型为：
1．事实和细节题：可在文中直接找到，使用scanning, skimming, skipping的方法。
According to the writer, …mainly because .
The most likely cause of … was .
2．词汇题：根据上下文、全文信息或基本语法知识判断词汇或短语的意义，题式相对固定。
The phrase “…(in Paragraph 2, Line 3) most probably means .
In the sentence “…” , the term “…” means .
3．逻辑推理题：根据文章内容和常识，理解上下文之间逻辑关系，并作出符合逻辑的判断。
It is suggested in the passage that .
From the passage, we can see that .
The author of the passage suggested that
4．作者观点题：引发出作者的观点和态度。
In writing this passage the writer’s purpose is to .
What’s the author’s attitude towards .
5．中心思想题：掌握文章的主旨和大意，分析出文章的标题。
Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
The passage is mainly about .
The best title for this article would be .
The main idea of this passage is .
学习时，要从文章的深层次上加以把握，力争掌握其本质和精神，达到对文章的深层理解。
（二）阅读时应注意的问题
1．掌握一般阅读技巧：快速地从文中找到需要的信息。
2．培养对英语的语感，具有猜生词的能力。
3．平时学习时要培养良好是阅读习惯，克服不良阅读习惯
4．大量阅读，并针对测试题型有的放矢进行复习。
（三）阅读策略
1．带着问题去阅读，可以根据文后的五个问题，从文中寻求答案。
2．寻找主题句和结论句，掌握文章的中心和结论。
3．采用回读法，重读重