国家概况期末复习.docx

UK
一
1. The British Isles are made up of _____C__.
A. three large islands and hundreds of small ones
B. three large islands and dozens of small ones
C. two large islands and hundreds of small ones
D. two large islands and dozens of small ones
2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?C
A. England. B. Scotland. C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.
3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the ____B___ and the North Sea in the east.
A. east B. south C. west D. north
4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year __D_____.
A. 1920 B. 1945 C. 1918 D. 1949
5. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in __A____.
A. the Highlands B. the Southern Uplands C. the Central Lowlands D. the Lake District
6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ____B______.
A. 1921 B. 1931 C. 1945 D. 1950
7. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of ____A___.
A. England B. Scotland C. Great Britain D. Ireland
8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ____D___.
A. Glasgow B. Edinburgh C. Cardiff D. Belfast
9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?B
A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type. B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.
C. Summers in Britain are cool. D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.
F1. The United Kingdom is located in northern Europe.
F2. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions — England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.
F3. England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles.
F4. The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones.
F5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain.
F6. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that all used to be colonies of Britain.
T7. In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, and deep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautiful scenery in Europe.
F8. The longest river in Britain is the Thames.
F9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in northwest England.
T10. Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles.
二、

F1. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.
T2. London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the United Kingdom because of their large population.
T3. People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants in Britain.
F4. Compared to the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and a higher percentage of younger people.
T5. The Welsh language is the official language in Wales.
F6. Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland.
T7. The English language is the predominant language in Northern Ireland.
F8. English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people.
F9. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property.
T10. Britishness is associated with political, historical, technological, sporting, and cultural achievements in Britain.
1. The English people and the English language were born from the union of __D______.
A. the Angles and the Saxons B. Romans and the Norman French
C. Danes or Vikings and the Norman French D. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons
2. The first known settlers of Britain were __A_____.
A. the Iberians B. the Beaker Folk C. the Celts D. the Romans
3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient D_________.
A. Scottish language B. English language C. Irish language D. Celtic language
4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and ____D______.
A. Indonesia B. Singapore C. Hong Kong D. Pakistan
5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and _______ is rural. A
A. 90% ; 10% B. 80% ; 20% C. 70% ; 30% D. 60% ; 40%
6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ______A____.
A. Celts B. Romans C. Normans D. Britons
7. The average population density in Britain is __A____ people per square kilometer.
A. 250 B. 370 C. 800 D. 500
8. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ____D_____ invaded and conquered Britain.
A. Angles and Celts 　 B. Angles and Picts C. Angles and Brythons D. Angles and Saxons
9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except ____D_____.
A. peerage B. gentry C. landowners D. professionals
10. “Britishness” can be reflected in the following except __D_______.
A. Union Jack B. conservativeness C. the Beatles D. Thanksgiving Day
三、

F1. The first Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar.
T2. The name “England” derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries.
T3. The Magna Carta defined the King’s feudal rights, preventing him from arbitrarily collecting revenue.
F4. The Black Death once ravaged England, carrying off three fourths of the population.
T5. During Edward III’s reign, the war with France known as the Hundred Years’ War began.
T6. The Wars of the Roses were in the main a great contest for Crown between the rival houses of York and Lancaster.
F7. Queen Mary was a follower of the Church of England and she was determined to make England once again a Protestant country.
T8. James’ son, Charles I, who succeeded him in 1625, also thought that his right to rule was God-given.
T9. The establishment of the British East India Company in 1600 was a case of economic penetration.
1. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ____D____.
A. London B. Normandy C. Standford D. Hastings
2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by B_________.
A. Henry B. Henry II C. King Joseph D. Count of Anjor
3. English Reformation was carried out by ____B___ to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.
A. Edward VI B. Henry VIII C. Mary I D. Elizabeth I
4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the _____D__ which restricted the King’s power.
A. Bill of Rights B. Petition of Right C. Provisions of Oxford D. Great Charter
5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _A______.
A. parliament B. cabinet C. constitution D. liberty
6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___A____.
A. Lord Protector B. Lieutenant General C. Commander of the New Model Army D. President
7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting ___A____ in 1689.
A. Bill of Rights B. Petition of Right C. Provisions of Oxford D. Great Charter
8. The 1851 London Great Exhibition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen ___C____’s husband Albert.
A. Mary B. Elizabeth I C. Victoria D. Anne
9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is ___A____.
A. Churchill B. Chamberlain C. MacDonald D. Macmillan

四、
T1. Although the monarch does not have any real power, he (or she) does have great influence.
T2. Britain does not have a written constitution.
T3. Each Member of Parliament represents a constituency, and holds his seat during the life of a Parliament.
F4. The House of Lords is the second chamber where changes in law can be made.
F5. The party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Lords becomes the official Opposition.
T6. Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
F7. The two major parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party.
F8. Ministers in Britain cannot be elected Members of Parliament at the same time.
1. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____A_______.
A. Commonwealth law B. statute law C. common law D. ancient documents
2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ______A_____ Members of Parliament.
A. 650 B. 660 C. 670 D. 680
3. British Conservative Party was formerly called __B_____ Party in the 18th century.
A. Whig B. Tory C. Liberal D. Nationalist
4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ___________, by ___________.D
A. the King; the Prime Minister B. the Queen; the Prime Minister
C. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s Government
D. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government
5. _____A___ is the “supreme governor” of the Church of England.
A. The monarch B. The Archbishop of York
C. The Archbishop of Canterbury D. The Roman Pope
6. In Britain the citizens aged _____B_______ or over have the right to vote.
A. 16 B. 18 C. 21 D. 30
7. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______A______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament
C. Lord of Appeal D. Speaker of the House
8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and _________C____.
A. the Conservative Party B. the Labour Party
C. the Liberal Party D. the Green Party
9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ___C_________.
A. making law B. authorizing taxation and public expenditure
C. declaring war D. examining the actions of the government

五、
T1. Although Britain is a unitary state, it does not have a single legal system.
F2. A Magistrates’ Court sits with a jury.
F3. In Scotland, all appeals are heard by three or more judges of the High Court of Justiciary.
T4. Officers in Great Britain do not normally carry firearms.
F5. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of the Lord Chancellor.
T6. The main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales are the County Courts.
F7. House of Lords is the court of last resort for most instances of UK law.
F8. Lord Chancellor is the highest court officer in Britain.
T9. Unless the case with which an arrested person is charged is very serious, he will usually be granted bail if he cannot be brought before the court within a day.
T10. If a person is charged with murder, and has insufficient means, he must be granted legal aid
1. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the ____C___ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.
A. guilt B. impartiality C. innocence D. honesty
2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of ____A_____ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.
A. 18 B. 19 C. 20 D. 21
3. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ______D_____ in Scotland.
A. 12 B. 13 C. 14 D. 15
4. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by _____B____.
A. the policemen B. the jury C. the judge D. the sheriff
5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is ____A_____.
A. the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom B. the Court of Appeal
C. the High Court of Justiciary D. the House of Lords
6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of ____C____.
A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Home Secretary
C. the Prime Minister D. the Attorney General
7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ______C______.
A. the Magistrates’ Court B. the Court of Appeal
C. the High Court D. the Crown Court
8. The three “lay” magistrates that make up a Magistrates’ Court in Britain are known as __A_______.
A. Justices of the Peace B. stipendiary magistrates
C. Justices of Law D. part-time magistrates
9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in ___C_______.
A. the District Court B. the Sheriff Court
C. the High Court of Justiciary D. the Crown Court
六、

T1. A century ago the British economy was among the strongest in the world.
F2. John Maynard Keynes was an influential American economist.
F3. A strong opponent of the policies of the Labor Party, Margaret Thatcher worked to increase government control over the British economy.
T4. In Britain service industries account for about two-thirds of its gross domestic product.
F5. The area between London and South Wales is often referred to as Britain’s “Silicon Glen”.
F6. Britain imports chiefly manufactured products and exports mostly raw materials.
T7. Most of the United Kingdom’s trade is with other developed countries, especially other members of the European Union.
F8. The value of Britain’s exports of goods usually exceeds the value of its imports.
F9.Today, the City of London is the centre of London where government departments are located.
F10.The trade union movement in Britain is becoming stronger these years because of changes in the structure of employment.
1. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of ____B___.
A. Adam Smith B. John Maynard Keynes C. Margaret Thatcher D. Karl Marx
2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.
A. economic recession B. economic expansion
C. economic decline D. economic depression
3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’s agriculture? D
A. British farming is highly mechanized. B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.
C. British farming is very efficient. D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for its
people.
4. In Britain less than _____A___ of the population are farmers.
A. 2% B. 4% C. 6% D. 10%
5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.
A. 1960s B. 1970s C. 1980s D. 1990s
6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher
Government carried out all the following policies but
__B____.
A.privatization B. interventionism C. deregulation D. market liberalization
7. Britain is the _D___ largest trading nation in the world.
A. third B. fourth C. fifth D. sixth
8. British oil fields were discovered on the ___D____.
A. English Channel B. Irish Sea C. Norwegian Sea D.