最低量解剖学专业英语词汇.docx

最低量解剖学专业英语词汇（500个）（标有*者属五年制本科生掌握内容，共300个）*anatomy解剖学 dissect解剖*humananatomy 人体解剖学*systematicanatomy 系统解剖学*regionalanatomy 局部解剖学 sectionalanatomy 断面解剖学 organ器官,脏器*anatomicalposition (posture) 解剖学姿势*superior上*inferior下 cranial颅侧 caudal尾侧*anterior前*posterior后*ventral腹侧*dorsal背侧*medial内侧*laterall外侧*internal内*external外*superficial浅*profoundal深*proximal近侧*distal 远侧*ulnar尺侧*radial桡侧 tibial胫侧 fibular腓侧*verticalaxis垂直轴*coronalaxis 冠状轴*sagittalaxis 矢状轴*plane面*locomotorsystem运动系 统*bone骨 skelton骨骼*cartilage软骨*fossa窝*fovea凹*sulcus沟*impression压迹*cavity腔*sinus窦*canal管*duct管*tube管*foramen孔*compactbone 骨密质 spongybone 骨松质*periosteum骨(外)膜 red bone marrow红骨髓*vertebrae椎骨 *cervicallvertebrae 颈椎 *thoracicvertebrae 胸椎*lumbarvertebrae 腰椎*sacralvertebrae 骶椎*sacrum骶骨 coccygealvertebrae 尾椎*coccyx尾骨 *sternum胸骨*ribs肋 costalbone 肋骨*skull颅*frontalbone 额骨*ethmoidbone 筛骨*sphenoidbone 蝶骨*temporalbone 颞骨*occipitalbone 枕骨*parietalbone 顶骨*mandible下颌骨*hyoidbone 舌骨 vomer犁骨*maxilla上颌骨 palatinebone 腭骨*nasalbone 鼻骨 lacrimalbone 泪骨 inferior nasal concha下鼻甲 zygomaticbone 颧骨*orbit眶*clavicle锁骨*scapula肩胛骨*humerus肱骨*radius桡骨*ulna尺骨*carpalbones 腕骨 metacarpalbones 掌骨 phalanges指、趾骨*hip bone 髋骨*ilium髂骨*ischium坐骨*pubis耻骨*femur股骨*patella髌骨*tibia胫骨*fibula腓骨*malleolus踝 tarsalbones 跗骨 metatarsalbones 跖骨*joint关节, 连结 articulation连结,关节*ligament韧带 suture缝*synovialjoint 滑膜关节 articularsurface 关节面 articular capsule关节囊 fibrous membrane纤维膜 synovial membrane 滑膜 articular cavity关节腔 articular disc关节盘*flexion屈*extension伸*adduction内收*abduction外展*rotation旋转*medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外)*pronation旋前*supination旋后 circumduction 环转*intervertebraldisc 椎间盘 temporomandibularjoint 颞下颌 关节*shoulderjoint 肩关节*elbowjoint 肘关节*radiocarpaljoint 桡腕关节 wristjoint 腕关节 opposition对掌运动 pelvis骨盆*hip joint 髋关节*knee joint 膝关节 patellarligament 髌韧带 medial meniscus内侧半月板*anklejoint 踝关节 eversion外翻 inversion内翻*muscle(m.)肌 skeletalmuscle 骨骼肌 cardiacmuscle 心肌 smoothmuscle 平滑肌 muscle belly肌腹*tendon腱 origin起点,固定点 insertion止点,动点 fascia,筋膜 tendinoussheath腱鞘*trapeziusm. 斜方肌 latissimusdorsi 背阔肌*erectorspinae 竖脊肌*sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳 突肌 pectoralis major 胸大肌*diaphragm膈 obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌 transverse abdomenis 腹横肌 rectus abdominis 腹直肌 masseter咬肌*temporalis颞肌*deltoid三角肌*bicepsbrachii肱二头肌*triceps brachii 肱三头肌*gluteus maximus臀大肌 piriformis梨状肌*quadricepsfemoris 股四头肌 triceps surae 小腿三头肌*gastrocnemius腓肠肌 viscera内脏*digestivesystem 消化系统*oralcavity 口腔*parotidgland 腮腺*pharynx咽*esophagus食管*stomach胃 small intestine小肠*duodenum十二指肠*jejunum空肠*ileum回肠*c(a)ecum盲肠*vermiformappendix阑尾*colon结肠*rectum直肠 anal canal 肛管*liver肝*gallbladder胆囊*pancreas胰*respiratorysystem 呼吸系统 paranasalsinuses 鼻旁窦*larynx喉*trachea气管*bronchus支气管*lung肺*pleura胸膜 costodiaphragmaticrecess 肋 膈隐窝 mediastinum纵隔*urinarysystem 泌尿系统*kidney肾*ureter输尿管*urinary bladder膀胱*urethra尿道*genitalsystem 生殖系统*testis睾丸 epididymis附睾*ductus deferens输精管 ejaculatoryduct 射精管 seminalvesicle精囊，精囊腺*prostate前列腺 scrotum阴囊 penis阴茎*ovary卵巢*uterinetube 输卵管*uterus子宫 vagina阴道 mamma, breast 乳房*mammarygland 乳腺 abdominalcavity 腹腔 peritoneum腹膜 angiologicalsystem 脉管系统 vessel脉管 cardiovascularsystem 心血管系统*heart心*artery (a.)动脉 capillary毛细血管*vein (v.)静脉 systemic circulation体循环 greater circulation 大循环 pulmonarycirculation 肺循环 lesser circulation 小循环 collateralvessel 侧副管（支）*cardiacatrium 心房*cardiac ventricle心室*endocardium心内膜*myocardium心肌层*epicardium心外膜 sinoatrialnode窦房结 atrioventricular node房室结 atrioventricular bundle房室束 left (right) bundle branches 左（右）束支*left (right) coronarya. 左（右）冠状动脉 coronary sinus 冠状窦*pericardium心包 fibrous pericardium 纤维心包 serouspericardium 浆膜心包*left (right) pulmonary a. 左（右）肺动脉 arterial duct (lig.) 动脉导管（韧带）*aorta主动脉*brachiocephalictrunk 头臂干*common carotida. 颈总动脉 internal carotid a. 颈内动脉 external carotid a. 颈外动脉*subclaviana. 锁骨下动脉*axillarya. 腋动脉*brachiala. 肱动脉*radial a. 桡动脉*ulnar a. 尺动脉 superficial palmararch 掌浅弓*renala. 肾动脉*c(o)eliactrunk 腹腔干 common hepatica. 肝总动脉*superior mesenterica. 肠系膜上动脉*inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动脉 common iliaca. 髂总动脉 internal iliac a. 髂内动脉*femoral a. 股动脉*popliteala. 动脉 anterior tibiala. 胫前动脉 venousvalve静脉瓣*superior venacava上腔静脉 brachiocephalicv. 头臂静脉*external jugularv. 颈外静脉 venous angle 静脉角*cephalicv. 头静脉*basilicv. 贵要静脉*median cubitalv. 肘正中静脉*azygos v.奇静脉*inferior vena cava 下腔静脉*great saphenousv. 大隐静脉*hepatic portalv. 肝门静脉*lymphaticsystem 淋巴系统*lymph淋巴 lymphatic capillary 毛细淋巴管 lymphatic vessel 淋巴管 lymphatic trunks 淋巴干 right lymphatic duct 右淋巴导管*thoracic duct 胸导管*cisternachyli 乳糜池*lymph node淋巴结 submandibularlymph nodes 下颌下淋巴结 axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结*inguinallymph nodes 腹股沟淋巴结*spleen脾*thymus胸腺*sensoryorgans 感觉器 receptor感受器*visualorgan 视器*eyeball眼球*cornea角膜*sclera巩膜*choroid脉络膜 ciliarybody 睫状体*iris虹膜 pupil瞳孔*retina视网膜 optic disc视神经盘 maculalutea 黄斑 aqueoushumour房水*lens晶状体*vitreousbody 玻璃体 conjunctiva结膜*vestibulocochlearorgan 前庭蜗器*eari(耳 external ear 外耳 middle ear 中耳*tympaniccavity 鼓室*tympanic membrane 鼓膜 auditory tube 咽鼓管 internal ear 内耳 bony labyrinth骨迷路*vestibule前庭*bony semicircularcanals 骨半规管*cochlea耳蜗 membranoussemicircular ducts 膜半规管*nervoussystem 神经系统*central nervous system 中枢神经系统 peripheralnervous system 周围神经系统*autonomicnervous system 自主神经系统 vegetativenervous system 植物神经系统*neuron神经元 soma胞体 dendrite树突 axon轴突 synapse突触 nerve fiber神经纤维 glia神经胶质*graymatter灰质*cortex皮质*nucleus神经核*ganglion神经节*white matter 白质*medulla髓质*fasciculus 纤维束*nerve神经*reticularformation网状 结构 effector效应器 reflexarc反射弧*afferent传入的*efferent传出的*spinaln. 脊神经 anterior root 前根 cervical plexus颈丛*phrenicn. 膈神经 brachialplexus 臂丛 axillaryn. 腋神经*musculocutaneousn. 肌皮神经*mediann. 正中神经*ulnar n. 尺神经*radial n. 桡神经 thoracic n. 胸神经 intercostaln. 肋间神经*femoraln. 股神经 obturatorn. 闭孔神经*pudendaln. 阴部神经*sciaticn. 坐骨神经 tibialn. 胫神经 common peronealn. 腓总神经*cranialn. 脑神经*olfactoryn. 嗅神经()*opticn.视神经)*oculomotorn. 动眼神经() ciliaryganglion 睫状神经节*trochlearn. 滑车神经()*trigeminaln. 三叉神经() trigeminal ganglion 三叉神经节 ophthalmicn. 眼神经 maxillaryn. 上颌神经 mandibularn. 下颌神经*abducentn. 展神经()*facialn. 面神经()*chordatympani鼓索 submandibularganglion 下颌下神经节*vestibulocochlearn. 前庭蜗神经( )*glossopharyngealn. 舌咽神经() oticganglion 耳神经节*vagusn. 迷走神经()*accessoryn. 副神经()*hypoglossaln. 舌下神经() visceralnervous system 内脏神经系统 preganglionicneurofiber 节前神经纤维 postganglionicneurofiber 节后神经纤维 *sympatheticn. 交感神经*sympathetic trunk 交感干*white communicating branch 白交通支*gray communicating branch 灰交通支 c(o)eliacganglion 腹腔神经节 cardiacplexus 心丛 greater splanchnicn. 内脏大神经*parasympatheticn. 副交感神经 parasympathetic ganglion 副交感神经节*spinalcord脊髓*conusmedullaris脊髓圆锥 anterior horn 前角 intermediatezonez(un中间带 lateral funiculus外侧索 substantiagelatinosa 胶状质 intermediolateral nucleus 中间外侧核 fasciculus gracilis薄束 fasciculus cuneatus楔束*spinothalamictract 脊髓丘脑束*corticospinaltract 皮质脊髓束*encephalon, brain脑*brain stem脑干*medulla oblongata延髓*pyramid锥体 decussationof pyramid 锥体交叉 olive橄揽 graciletubercle 薄束结节 cuneatetubercle 楔束结节*pons脑桥 fourth ventricle 第四脑室 locusceruleus蓝斑*mesencephalon中脑 cerebralpeduncle大脑脚 superior colliculus上丘 oculomotornucleus 动眼神经核 ambiguousnucleus 疑核 inferior salivatorynucleus 下涎核 gracilenucleus 薄束核 cuneatenucleus 楔束核 red nucleus 红核*substantianigra 黑质*medial lemniscus内侧丘系 trapezoidbody 斜方体*trigeminallemniscus 三叉丘系 pyramidaltract 锥体束*corticonucleartract 皮质核束*cerebellum小脑 tonsilof cerebellum 小脑扁桃体 dentatenucleus 齿状核*diencephalon间脑*dorsal thalamus背侧丘脑 metathalamus后丘脑 medial geniculatebody 内侧膝状体 epithalamus上丘脑 pinealbody 松果体 subthalamus底丘脑*hypothalamus下丘脑*supraoptic nucleus视上核*paraventricular nucleus室旁核 infundibular nucleus漏斗核*telencephalon端脑*cerebrum大脑*gyrus大脑回*frontal lobe额叶 precentral sulcus中央前沟 precentral gyrus 中央前回*parietallobe 顶叶*occipital lobe 枕叶*temporal lobe 颞叶*insula（insularlobe） 岛叶, 脑 岛*hippocampus海马 limbiclobe 边缘叶 lateral ventricle 侧脑室*basalnuclei基底核*corpusstriatum纹状体*caudatenucleus 尾状核 lenticularnucleus 豆状核*putamen壳*globuspallidus 苍白球 amygdaloidbody 杏仁体*cerebralcortex 大脑皮质 corpus callosum胼胝体 fornix穹窿*internal capsule内囊*limbic system 边缘系 proprioceptive