CATTI-笔译备考练习专题材料(文化篇).doc

CATTI 笔译备考练习专题材料：文化篇

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资料整理：CATTI考试资料与资讯

交流互鉴的文明观

文明是多彩的，人类文明因多样才有交流互鉴的价值。文明是平等的，人类文明因平等才有交流互鉴的前提。文明是包容的，人类文明因包容才有交流互鉴的动力。

当今世界，人类生活在不同文化、种族、肤色、宗教和不同社会制度所组成的世界里，各国人民形成了你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。应该推动不同文明相互尊重、和谐共处，让文明交流互鉴成为增进各国人民友谊的桥梁、推动人类社会进步的动力、维护世界和平的纽带。应该从不同文明中寻求智慧、汲取营养，为人们提供精神支撑和心灵慰藉，携手解决人类共同面临的各种挑战。

Exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations

Civilizations are diverse, and such diversity makes exchanges and mutual learning among them relevant and valuable. Civilizations are equal, and such equality provides the prerequisite for exchanges and mutual learning. Civilizations are inclusive, and such inclusiveness gives the motivation for exchanges and mutual learning among them.

We live in a world with different cultures, ethnic groups, skin colors, religions and social systems, and the people of all countries have become members of an intimate community with a shared destiny. We should encourage different civilizations to respect each other and live in harmony, so that exchanges and mutual learning between them becomes a bridge for promoting friendship between people around the world, an engine driving progress of human society and a bond cementing world peace. We should draw wisdom and nourishment and seek spiritual support and psychological consolation from different civilizations and work together to tackle the challenges facing mankind.

丝绸之路精神

历史上的商业通道——丝绸之路，作为人文社会的交往平台，多民族、多种族、多宗教、多文化在此交汇融合。千百年来，丝绸之路承载的和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢精神薪火相传。中国与丝绸之路沿线国家在维护民族尊严、捍卫国家主权的斗争中相互支持，在探索发展道路、实现民族振兴的道路上相互帮助，在深化人文交流、繁荣民族文化的事业中相互借鉴。

习近平主席提议，新时期弘扬丝绸之路精神，就是要促进文明互鉴、尊重道路选择、坚持合作共赢、倡导对话和平。

Spirit of the Silk Road

The historical trade route known as the Silk Road was also a platform for people-to-people and cultural exchanges, where various ethnic groups, races, religions and cultures met and assimilated with each other. For hundreds of years, the spirit of the Silk Road, namely, peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit, has been passed down through generations. China and other countries located along the Silk Road have supported each other in maintaining national dignity and safeguarding state sovereignty, helped each other in exploring development paths and achieving national rejuvenation, and learned from each other in deepening people-to-people and cultural exchanges and revitalizing national cultures.

President Xi Jinping said that to promote the Silk Road spirit in the new era means boosting mutual learning between civilizations, respecting each other's development paths, maintaining win-win cooperation and advocating dialogue and peace.

“昆曲”是指自元末明初发源于江苏昆山的戏曲形式，被称作中国戏曲之鼻祖，对中国的戏曲艺术有着巨大的影响力。昆曲以鼓、板控制演唱节奏，以曲笛、三弦等为主要伴奏乐器，其唱念语音为“中州韵”，北曲遵“中原”，南曲遵“洪武”。 昆曲唱腔华丽婉转、念白儒雅、表演细腻。 2001年，昆曲被联合国教科文组织列为“人类口述和非物质遗产代表作”。

Kun Opera is dated back to the late Yuan and early Ming dynasty (600 years ago) in the city of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province and is one of the oldest forms of Chinese opera which has had a considerable influence to the domain. The rhythm is controlled by drum and plank in Kun Opera. The main instruments are Chinese bamboo flute and San-Hsien (a three-stringed plucked instrument) etc. Its singing rhyme follows Zhongzhou rhyme (the rhyme of verse of Chinese opera in Central China). Northern Kun Opera is based on phonetics in mid-china and Southern Kun Opera is based on Hongwu Zhengyun (phonological system of Tang and Song Dynasty which is similar with Suzhou dialect). The vocal voice of Kun Opera is beautiful and mild, the spoken parts are elegant and the performance is delicate. In 2001, Kun Opera was classified as "Representative of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

古琴，又称琴、瑶琴、玉琴、五弦琴和七弦琴，是中国的拨弦乐器，有三千年以上历史，属于八音中的丝。古琴音域宽广，音色深沉，余音悠远。自古琴为其特指，于1920年起为了与钢琴区别而改称古琴

Chinese zither, or guqin, which is also called qin, peptachord, jade harp, banjo, and heptachord, is a seven-stringed plucked instrument with a history over 3,000 years. It belongs to silk string in Eight Notes (eight categories of musical instrument in ancient orchestra). It has a wide voice register, deep tone and a long lingering sound. It was originally called Qin (the pronunciation is the same as piano in Chinese) in ancient China and has been renamed as Guchin for distinguishing it from piano since 1920.

新疆木卡姆是流传于中国新疆各维吾尔族聚居区的各种木卡姆的总称，是集歌、舞、乐于一体的大型综合艺术形式。由于维吾尔木卡姆艺术肇始于本土的民间文化、发展于各绿洲城邦国宫廷及都府官邸，经过整合与交融后又返播积淀在民间，成为既体现着古代宫廷的精英文化又展现出乡村市井的民间文化的集中 代表。她既代表了宫廷城镇的主流雅文化，又涵盖了市井乡村的边缘俗文化。在维吾尔人的特定文化语境中，“木卡姆”已经成为包容文学、音乐、舞蹈、说唱、戏 剧乃至民族认同、宗教信仰等各种艺术成份和文化意义的词语。

The Art of Chinese Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam (木卡姆 Mùkǎmǔ) is a representative name of various kinds of Muqam in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区 Xīnjiāng Wéiwù'ěr Zìzhì Qū), where people contrived this large-scale musical complex with songs, dances, and music. Because Uyghur Muqam art is a folk culture initiated among the local people, developed in palaces and official mansions of the city-states of different oases and spread again among the common people after integration and blend, it has became a focus representation reflecting both ancient imperial elite culture and demonstrating the rural and civic culture. It represents the mainstream elegant culture of the palaces and cities and embodies the marginal secular culture rooted in country and town. In the specific cultural context of Uygur people, Muqam has become a word embodying the artistic forms of literature, music, dance, rap, drama and even the cultural significance of national identity and religious belief etc.

蒙古长调即长歌，它的特点为字少腔长、高亢悠远、舒缓自由，宜于叙事，又长于抒情；歌词一般为上、下各两句，内容绝大多数是描写草原、骏马、骆驼、牛羊、蓝天、白云、江河、湖泊等。蒙古族长调以鲜明的游牧文化特征和独特的演唱形式讲述着蒙古民族对历史文化、人文习俗、道德、哲学和艺术的感悟，所以被称为“草原音乐活化石”。中国、蒙古国联合申报的“蒙古族长调民歌”在 2005年11月25日被联合国教科文组织宣布成为第三批“人类口头和非物质遗产代表作”。

Mongolian Urtiin Duu, also called the traditional folk long song, is a ballad featured by few words, long and resounding vocal voice as well as slow and free rhythm. It is suitable for narration and expressing emotion. The lyrics are in couplets and the contents are mostly about grasslands, horses, camels, cattle, sheep, blue sky, white clouds, rivers and lakes etc. Mongolian Urtiin Duu expresses the Mongolian perceptions of history and culture, cultural customs, ethics, philosophy and art with distinctive characteristics of nomadic culture and unique singing form and thus is called the "Living Fossil of Prairie Music". Mongolian Urtiin Duu which was jointly applied by China and Mongolia was declared as "Representative of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on November 25, 2005.

中国篆刻是一门结合了书法（主要是篆书）和镌刻（包括凿、铸），用来制作印章的艺术，至今已有3000多年历史。传统书法的笔法结构，结合镌刻中刻刀与石材所体现出的艺术表达，更加体现出汉字的美感，深受社会各阶层人士的青睐。

Chinese seal engraving is a seal-making art combining Chinese calligraphy (mainly the seal character) and engraving (including iron and casting) with a history over 3,000 years. The combination of writing structure of a conventional calligraphy with the artistic expression embodied in engraving with knife and stone can manifest better the aesthetic feeling of the Chinese characters and is favored by people from all levels of society.

雕版印刷是中国古代汉族劳动人民经过长期实践和研究的一项伟大发明。大约在公元600年前后的隋朝，人们从刻印章中得到启发，在人类历史上最早发明了雕版印刷术。雕版印刷在印刷史上有“活化石”之称，扬州是中国雕版印刷术的发源地，是中国国内唯一保存全套古老雕版印刷工艺的城市国家非常重视非物质文化遗 产的保护，2006年5月20日，该印刷技艺经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。2007年6月5日，经国家文化部确定，江苏省扬州市的陈义时为该文化遗产项目代表性传承人，并被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产项目226名代表性传承人名单。

Woodblock printing is a great invention of the ancient Chinese people after their long-term practice and study. In Sui Dynasty (about 600 A.D.), people got the inspiration from seals and invented the earliest woodblock printing in human history. Woodblock printing has the title of "Living Fossil" in printing history. The origin of woodblock printing in China is Yangzhou, which is the only city in China that keeps a full set of old woodblock printing process. China pays great attention to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, the woodblock printing process was classified in the first batch of State-level Intangible Cultural Heritage List after the approval of China’s State Council. On June 5, 2007, Chen Yishi from Yangzhou of Jiangsu Province was determined by Ministry of Culture as the representative inheritor of the cultural heritage project and was classified in the list including 226 representative inheritors of the first batch of State-level Intangible Cultural Heritage Projects.

中国书法是一门古老的汉字书写艺术，从甲骨文、石鼓文、金文（钟鼎文）演变而为大篆、小篆、隶书，至定型于东汉、魏、晋的草书、楷书、行书等，书法一直散发着艺术的魅力。中国书法是一种很独特的视觉艺术，以汉字为依托，是中国书法区别于其他种类书法的主要标志。书法是中国土生土长的艺术，有自身悠久、深厚的传统，是琴棋书画四艺之一。

Chinese calligraphy is an ancient Chinese character writing art with fascinating artistic charm. It goes through the transformation process from oracle, stone-drum inscription, Chinese bronze inscription (inscriptions on ancient bronze objects), to big-seal script, small-seal script and clerical script. It was mature in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties when grass script, regular script and running script sprung up. Chinese calligraphy is a unique and charming visual art. Its most distinguishing characteristic from other types of calligraphies lies in its base of Chinese character. Chinese calligraphy is an indigenous art of China with a long and profound tradition and is one of the Four Arts (lyre-playing, chess, calligraphy and painting).

剪纸是中国最古老的民间艺术之一，它的历史至少可追朔到公元6世纪。它是一种镂空艺术，在视觉上给人以透空的感觉和艺术享受，其载体可以是纸张、金银箔、树皮、树叶、布、皮、革等片状材料。2006年5月20日，剪纸艺术遗产经中国国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。今天，剪纸依然是中国百姓用以表达意愿、思想和情感的重要形式，它介入当代民俗活动，呈现出互动的活力和再创造的生命力。

Paper-cut is one of the oldest folk arts in China whose history can be dated back at least to the 6th century. It is a hollowing art giving a visually see-through feeling and artistic enjoyment. Its carriers can be paper, tinsel, bark, leaf, cloth, leather and other sheet type materials. In May 20, 2006, paper-cut art heritage was classified in the first batch of State-level Intangible Cultural Heritage List after the approval of China’s State Council. Nowadays, paper-cut is still an important form for Chinese people to express expectations, thoughts and emotions. It is involved in contemporary folk activities and shows interactive vigor and recreation vitality.

汉族传统建筑是以木结构框架为主的建筑体系，以土、木、砖、瓦、石为主要建筑材料。传统木结构营造技艺是古老的汉族传统手工技艺，是以木材为主要建筑材料，以榫卯为木构件的主要结合方法，以模数制为尺度设计和加工生产手段的建筑营造技术体系。营造技艺以师徒之间“言传身教”的方式世代相传。由这种技艺所构建的建筑及空间体现了中国人对自然和宇宙的认识，反映了中国传统社会等级制度和人际关系，影响了中国人的行为准则和审美意向，凝结了古代科技智慧，展现了中国工匠的精湛技艺。这种营造技艺体系延承七千年，遍及中国全境，并传播到日本、韩国等东亚各国，是东方古代建筑技术的代表。 在2009年，由中国艺术研究院建筑研究所负责申报的中国传统木结构营造技艺入选联合国人类非物质文化遗产。

Traditional architecture of Han nationality is a construction system dominated by timber-framed structures with soil, wood, brick, tile, stone as the main building materials. As an ancient traditional craftsmanship of Han nationality, traditional architectural craftsmanship for timber-framed structures is a construction technical system using wood as the main building materials, tenon-and-mortise work as the main combination method of wooden parts, and modular system as the means of scale design as well as processing and production. Construction skill is passed on from generation to generation in the manner of teaching by personal example and verbal instruction. Embodying the Chinese understanding of nature and the universe and reflecting the Chinese traditional social hierarchy and interpersonal relations, the buildings and space constructed with this technique is a condensation of the ancient wisdom of science and technology showing the superb skills of Chinese craftsmen and also affect codes of conduct and aesthetic intention of Chinese people. The construction skill system lasts for seven thousand years and is widespread in the whole China. It also spreads to other Eastern Asian countries such as Japan and South Korea and is the representative of oriental ancient architectural technique. In 2009, Chinese traditional architectural craftsmanship for timber-framed structures declared by Building Research Institute of Chinese National Academy of Arts was selected as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations.

南京云锦织造技艺存续着中国皇家织造的传统，是中国织锦技艺最高水平的代表。它采用“通经断纬”等核心技术在构造复杂的大型织机上，由上下两人手工操作，用蚕丝线、黄金线和孔雀羽线等材料织出华贵织物，如龙袍等。南京云锦织造技艺有着完整的体系，是人类非凡创造力的见证。集南京云锦织造技艺之大成体现者即南京云锦，是中国传统的丝制工艺品，有“寸锦寸金”之称，至今已有近1600年历史，南京云锦是我国优秀传统文化的杰出代表，因其绚丽多姿，美如天上云霞而得名，至今已有1580年历史。南京云锦与成都的蜀锦、 苏州的宋锦、广西的壮锦并称"中国四大名锦"。南京云锦织造技艺于2009年9月成功入选《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。

Maintainining the tradition of Chinese imperial brocade, craftsmanship of Nanjing Yunjin brocade is the representation of the highest level Chinese brocade craftsmanship. Adopting the core technique of “Weaving the Width of Cloth with Weft” to large-scale weaving machines complicatedly structured, it weaves luxurious fabrics such as imperial robe with the material such as silk, golden line and peacock feather line through the manual work of two people up and down the machine. Nanjing Yunjin brocade craftsmanship has a complete system and is a witness to the extraordinary creativity of humanity. With the fame of “Inch of Brocade, Inch of Gold”, Nanjing Yunjin brocade represents the greatest achievement of Nanjing Yunjin brocade craftsmanship and is the traditional Chinese silk handiwork. With a history of 1,580 years, Nanjing Yunjin brocade is the outstanding representative of splendid Chinese traditional culture. It gains the name of “Yunjin (gorgeous brocade as beautiful as the rosy clouds)” because of its splendid colors and beauty comparable with rosy clouds in the sky. It is one of the "Four Famous Brocades" in China and the other three are Sichuan brocade of Chengdu, Song brocade of Suzhou and Zhuang brocade of Guangxi. Craftsmanship of Nanjing Yunjin brocade was successfully classified in the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in September 2009.

端午节是中国传统重要节日，为每年农历五月初五，又称端阳节、端日节、午日节、五月节、五日节、艾节、端五、重午、重五、午日、夏节、蒲节，同时也是中国国家法定休假日，迄今已有2500年历史，在全国各地以及一些周边国家有较大影响力。本来是夏季的一个送离五瘟神，驱除瘟疫的节日。后来楚国爱国诗人屈原于端午节投江自尽，在华人世界就变成纪念屈原的节日，是华人三大节日之一，与新年、中秋等节日同属东亚文化圈的中国大陆、港澳地区、台湾地区、琉球、日本、朝鲜半岛、越南的重要传统节日。 端午节庆祝方式和内容因各地而不同，比如：祭祀屈原、纪念伍子胥、插艾蒿、挂菖蒲、喝雄黄酒、吃粽子、龙舟竞渡、除五毒等，有着丰富的传统文化内涵。中国“端午节”于2009年9月成功入选《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。

Dragon Boat Festival, which is on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, is an important Chinese traditional festival and a national legal holiday with a history of 2,500 years. It has numerous alternative names in the Chinese language and has a large influence on all parts of China and the surrounding countries. It was originally a festival in summer sending away God of Plague and driving plagues. Then, it became a festival among ethnic Chinese of commemorating Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of Chu State in Warring States who drowned himself in water on this day to prove his determination of saving his