导学案必修五Unit1.doc

★put forward 提出；推荐；提前；拨快(时钟)
①Who put forward a theory about black holes?
谁提出了黑洞理论？
【助记】 图示put forward

②He put forward a new plan. 他提出了一个新计划。
③May I put your name forward as chairman of the committee?
我能否提名你当委员会主席？
④My watch was slow, so I put it forward.
我的表慢了，所以我把它拨快了。
【点津】 (1)put oneself/sb. forward (as. . . )自荐／提名某人(为……)
(2) put sth. forward提前，把(时钟)往前拨，提出
【拓展】put up with 忍受，容忍
put aside 把……放在一边；储蓄
put away 把……收起来；储蓄
put off 推迟，延期
put out 生产；出版；熄灭；关掉
put up 举起；张贴；搭建；为……提供住宿；
⑤One should always put a little money aside for a rainy day.
一个人总应积攒点钱以备不时之需。
⑥She washed the cups and put them away.
她洗完杯子并把它们收了起来。
【学以致用】写出下列各句中put forward的意义。
①She put forward a good suggestion at the meeting. ( )
②I’ll put forward you as a candidate. ( )
③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes. ( )
★conclusion n. 结论；结束；决定；终结
①draw a conclusion 得出结论
【拓展】

2)conclude vt. &vi. 结束；推断出
conclude (sth. ) with sth. 以……结束(……)
by doing sth.
concluded. . . (to be). . . 断定……(是)……
②Let us conclude our meeting with a song.
请让我们用一首歌来结束我们的会议。
③What do you conclude from the facts?
从这些事实中你得出了什么结论?
④They concluded it best to leave the matter as it was.
他们有了结论，此事最好还是顺其自然。
【学以致用】一句多译。
从这些事实上我们可以得出结论：“天宫一号”运转良好。
①From these facts, __________________Tiangong-Ⅰfunctions quite well. (conclude)
②From these facts, ____________________________Tiangong-Ⅰ functions quite well. (conclusion)
★defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
n. 失败
①JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
②The problem defeats me! 这道题把我难住了！
③He defeated the champion finally. 他终于击败了冠军。
④They finally had to admit defeat. 他们终于不得不承认失败。
【辨析】
defeat

宾语常为team, school, sb. 之类的参赛者或单位,
表示“击败某人或某个参赛单位”
win
宾语常为game, match, battle之类的词
⑤We defeated their team by 10 points.
我们以10分的优势战胜了他们队。
⑥Mary won the first prize in the competition.
玛丽在竞赛中获得一等奖。
【点津】 (1)defeat意为“击败”，可与beat互换。
(2)defeat的过去式、过去分词均为defeated。
【学以致用】 用defeat的适当形式填空。
①We had two _______ this year. 今年我们失败过两次。
②They _____________in the battle. 在这场战斗中他们被打败了。
★attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
①John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。
②They had a quiet wedding and only a few friends attended it.
他们的婚礼静悄悄的，只有几个朋友参加。
【拓展】attend on sb. 照顾/护理某人
attend to sb. /sth. 处理；对付；照料；关怀
③He was so ill that two nurses attended on him.
他病得那样重，以至于有两个护士照顾他。
④He offered to go and attend to the matter.
他主动提出来去处理这件事。
【学以致用】完成句子。
①This morning he did ________________, but he seemed not to attend to it. 今天上午他的确去听讲座了，但是似乎有点心不在焉。
②___________________and stop talking. (attend) 专心工作，不要说话。
★expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
①But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。
②Don’t expose the film to light. 不要使胶卷曝光。
③He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。
【拓展】(1)expose. . . to 使显露；暴露
expose sb. /sth. 揭露某人/揭发某事
(2)exposed adj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的
be exposed to. . . 暴露于……
④We expect to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
我们希望让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化的熏陶。
⑤If the liquid is exposed to air, it is easy to cause fire.
如果这种液体暴露在空气中，易引起火灾。
【名师点津】 expose. . . to结构中的to为介词，后需用名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语；expose后若无宾语，则常使用它的被动形式。
【助记】 漫画趣解expose

【学以致用】用expose的适当形式填空。
①It is unwise _________yourself by trying to perform music, which is too difficult for you.
②_____________to sunlight for too much time will do harm toone’s skin.
③________ to sun for too much time，you will get sunburnt.
④The soil, carrying the whole village, was washed away by theflood, ________ bare rock.
★cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗
①Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。
【拓展】(1)a cure for. . . 解决、治疗……的方法
(2)cure sb. of sth. 治好/矫正某人的……
②Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?
迄今为止，癌症有没有有效的治疗方法？
③Can you cure me of my cold?
你能治好我的感冒吗？
④The teacher cured him of bad habits.
老师纠正了他的坏习惯。
【辨析】
cure
治疗，治愈。多用于药物治疗，并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习惯
heal
多指外伤, 强调缓慢甚至长时期的治疗过程;也可指治愈精神上的创伤或统一思想上的分歧
treat
指治疗病人的全过程或活动，并不涉及“治愈”这
个结果。常用于treat sb. for sth. 结构中
【想一想】由“动词+宾语(人)+of sth. ”构成的短语是同学们学习的重点。请根据英语提示，想一想下面这些短语的意义。(可适当借助工具书)
accuse sb. of sth.
inform sb. of sth.
suspect sb. of (doing) sth.
remind sb. of sth.
rob sb. of sth.
warn sb. of sth.
persuade sb. of sth.
【学以致用】 根据句意填入恰当的动词。
医生用一种新药为她治疗头痛，但没治好。
The doctor _______ her headache with a new medicine, but didn’t ____ her.
★challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战
①John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.
约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。
② I accepted/took up a challenge to a tennis match.
我接受了网球赛的挑战。
③I challenge you to show your proof. 我要求你拿出证据来。
【拓展】(1)face a/the challenge 面对挑战
accept/take up a/the challenge 接受挑战
(2)challenge sb. (to do sth. ) 向某人挑战(做某事)
【学以致用】完成句子。
①Reducing the gap between the rich and the poor is one of the main ____________________________. (challenge)
缩小贫富差距是政府面临的主要挑战之一。
②He __________________again. (challenge)
他向我们挑战, 要我们再试试。
★absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
①The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒吸入体内的。
②His attractive voice has absorbed many experts’ attention.
他那有磁性的歌喉引起了许多专家的注意。
【拓展】be absorbed in. . . (=absorb oneself in. . . )
专心于……；全神贯注于……
absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
absorbed adj.注意力集中的，一心一意的
③Look, the three astronauts are absorbed in the experiment in Tiangong-Ⅰ. 快看，这三位航天员正在“天宫一号”里专心做实验。
【学以致用】一句多译。
汤姆专心于工作，忘记通知她这件事了。
①___________________________，so he forgot to inform her of it.
②______________________________，so he forgot to inform her of it.
③___________________，Tom forgot to inform her of it.
★ suspect vt. 认为；怀疑
n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
①John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
约翰·斯诺觉得第二种看法是正确的，但是他需要证据。
②The police took the suspect to the police station.
警察把这个嫌疑犯带到了警察局。
【拓展】suspect sth. 怀疑某事
suspect that. . . 怀疑……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb. to be. . . 怀疑某人是……
③I suspected that he was homesick. 我猜他是在想家。
④I suspect the child of lying. 我怀疑这个孩子说谎。
⑤I suspected him to be a liar. 我料想他是一个说谎者。
【学以致用】 句型转换。
①The police suspect him to be the pickpocket.
→The police suspect that _________________.
②She suspected that he took her iPad away.
→She suspected _________________________.
★blame vt. 责备；谴责
n. 过失；责备
①We consider that you are not to blame. 我们认为你不应该受责备。
【拓展】(1)be to blame (for. . . ) (因……)应该受责备
blame sb. for sth. /doing sth. 因某事/做了某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
(2)bear/take/get the blame for 对……承担责任
put/lay the blame on sb. 怪在某人身上
②Don’t always blame your own failure on others.
不要总把你自己的失败归咎于他人。
【点津】be to blame for sth. “对……应负责，应受责备”；在这个结构中不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
③He took the blame for the mistake. 他承担这个错误的责任。
④He put the blame on me. 他把责任推到我身上。
【学以致用】用恰当的介词填空。
①He blamed you ___ the neglect of duty. 他责备你玩忽职守。
②She’ll put the blame ___ us if it turns out badly.
如果这件事结果不好, 她会怪我们的。
③You must bear the blame ___ the accident. 你必须为这次事故负责。
★ link vt. ＆vi. 连接；联系
①In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。
②The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新建的桥把那个岛与大陆连接起来。
【拓展】 (1)link. . . to/with. . . 将……和……联系或连接起来
link up 连接;结合
link up with. . . 与……联合;使与……衔接
link. . . together 把……连接在一起
(2)link n. 联系，连接
a link between A and B A与B之间的联系
a link with sth. /sb. 与某事/某人的联系
③They went on to the next town, where they linked up with the other parties.
他们继续赶路到了下一个城镇, 在那里，他们碰到了其他的队伍。
④The radio wave links the spacecraft and the Earth together.
无线电波将宇宙飞船和地球连在一起。
⑤He is the link between the two groups. 他是这两个小组的联系人。
【想一想】写出下列短语的意义。
connect. . . to/with/and. . .
join. . . to/and. . .
have sth. to do with
be related to. . .
be connected with. . .
【学以致用】完成句子。
①The spacecraft and the space lab _____________ each other in the orbit.
宇宙飞船和太空实验室在轨道上对接。
②Fingerprints __________________ the case. (link)
指纹暴露了嫌疑犯与案件的联系。
★announce vt. 宣布；通告
①With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
②The chairman began to announce his plan. 主席开始宣布他的计划。
③The fresh flowers and green trees announced that spring was here.
鲜花和绿树表明，春天到了。
【辨析】
announce
提前宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事
declare
强调明确、公开、正式地宣告某事，如战争、意见等。有“宣战，断言，声称”之意
④The result of the election will be declared soon.
选举的结果很快就会公布。
【拓展】announcement n. 通告，宣告
announcer n. 播音员，广播员
⑤The government made an announcement that they would pay their debt.
政府宣布他们将偿还债务。
【点津】(1)announce后不能直接接双宾语, 它的宾语是被宣布的内容, 而不是听取宣布的人, 表示“向某人宣布某事”应该说announce to sb. sth. 或announce sth. to sb. 。
(2)announce后可接名词, 也可接从句, 但是不直接不定式。
【学以致用】用与announce有关的单词填空。
The __________ made an _____________ that all the details should be __________ through the broadcast.
广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播公布出来。
★instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导
①The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. 自来水公司接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。
【拓展】

(2)instruction n. 教训；指示；用法说明(常用复数)
②He instructed me to post the letter at once. 他吩咐我立即把信寄出去。
③The judge instructed that the witness (should)tell the truth.
法官命令证人说实话。
④The students need a teacher to instruct them in painting.
这些学生需要一位老师来指导他们绘画。
【点津】 独特的语气
表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词，像instruct，demand，order，request，require，ask，suggest, advise，propose等，后接的that引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
【学以致用】完成句子。
①The soldiers _________________________ quickly. (instruct)
士兵们被命令快速前进。
②All our staff have ________________ sign language. (instruct)
我们的员工都接受过手语训练。
★construct vt. 建设；修建
construction n．建设；建筑物
①Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using make+a+noun.
看这些简单动词，利用“make + a + noun”构成另一个结构。
【拓展】construct. . . from/out of. . . 用……建造/制作……
under construction 在建设中
②A highway is being constructed. 一条公路正在修建。
③The house was constructed out of wood. 这幢房子是用木头建造的。
【学以致用】 一句多译。
这两家新饭店正在兴建中。
①_____________________________________
②_____________________________________
★contribute vt. &vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助; 投稿
【拓展】(1)contribute . . . to. . . 把……捐献给……；把……投给……
contribute to 促进……，有助于……; 是……的原因
(2)contribution n.捐款, 捐助物, 贡献
make a contribution/contributions to/towards
捐赠/贡献给……
①He contributed a large sum to the hospital.
他向这个医院捐助了一笔巨款。
②The poet has contributed his poems to the newspaper.
诗人已把诗投给了这家报社。
③What he did contributed to his success greatly.
他所做的一切对他的成功很有益。
④You have made great contributions to our firm.
你对我们公司作了很大贡献。
【助记】 图文详解contribute

Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投稿到一家报社。
【学以致用】用contribute的适当形式填空。
①His back injury has _________ to his retirement from the competition field.
②He has made an important ___________ to the school’s education.
★apart from除……之外；此外
①Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.
除了上面提到的结构，你已经学习过的短语还有下面这些。
②Apart from them, I had no one to talk to.
除他们之外，我找不到和我说话的人。
③Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time.
除了花钱外，它还需要不少时间。
【辨析】
apart from

具有多重意义，既可代替besides，也可代except或except for
besides

“除了……之外(还有)”，即把除去的部分也包括在整体之内
except

“除了……之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分不包括在整体之内
except for

“除了……之外”，用于引出细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思
④Is there anyone else we know besides Tom?
除了汤姆外，还有其他我们认识的人吗？
⑤The roads were empty except for a few cars.
除了几辆小汽车之外，马路上空荡荡的
【学以致用】选词填空。(except for/except/apart from/besides)
①___________ some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.
②__________ the kitchen, the house is very nice.
③Swimming is a very useful skill _______ being fun and good exercise.
④I’ve finished ______ the last question.
★make sense 讲得通；有意义
①You are not making sense. 你所说的话没有道理。
【拓展】make no sense 无意义
make sense of 弄懂……的意思
common sense 常识
in a sense 在某种意义上；在一定程度上
in no sense 决不(放于句首，句子用部分倒装)
There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理
②It made no sense to me. 这对我没什么意义。
③Can you make sense of what this writer is saying?
你能理解这位作家在说些什么吗?
④There is no sense in looking for the coin under the bed.
不值得钻到床下面去找这枚硬币。
【点津】 make sense的主语常是“物”，而make sense of的主语常是“人”。
【学以致用】根据句意填入sense的适当搭配。
①The sentence didn’t __________． 这个句子讲不通。
②Can you _____________ the sentence? 你懂得这个句子吗？
③__________________ arguing with her. 与她争吵没有必要。
★ cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的
①A cautious driver never drives his car too fast.
一个谨慎的司机从不开快车。
【拓展】(1)be cautious about/of sb. / sth. 对某人/物小心谨慎
(2)cautiously adv. 谨慎地，小心地
(3)caution n. 小心；谨慎
with caution 小心翼翼
②She is very cautious of hurting the child’s feelings.
她小心翼翼，以免伤害孩子的感情。
【辨析】
cautious
指谨慎，防止出现危险或差错，带有提防的意味
careful

修饰具有动作概念的名词时, 可意为“细致的，精心的”, 含有靠认真实践来避免错误的意味
③He dealt with the case with caution. 他小心翼翼地处理这个案件。
④She was cautious of strangers. 她对陌生人很戒备。
⑤She was careful enough to find this mistake of mine.
她相当仔细, 发现了我的这一差错。
【学以致用】句型转换。
The boss is cautious about making promises.
→The boss makes promises ___ ______.
→The boss makes promises _______ ___.
★ reject vt. 拒绝; 不接受；抛弃
①The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked.
基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。
②Choose the good apples and reject the bad ones.
挑好的苹果，把坏的扔掉