InternationalPhoneticAlphabet.pptx

IPAConversationEmergency Annoucement ScheduleSchedule International Phonetic AlphabetFacilitator:CharlotteDate:Dec 26,201701 Introduction 03ConsonantsVowels02Introduction to Phonetic SymbolsThe definition of Phoneme;The definition of phonetic symbols:The are 48 phonetic symbols,among which there are 20 vowels and 28 consonants.The definition of syllable:A syllable is a part of a word that contains a single vowel sound and that is pronounced as a unit.单元音i:舌前向硬腭抬起，舌位较高舌前向硬腭抬起，舌位较高双唇微微张开，呈扁平口形，如同微双唇微微张开，呈扁平口形，如同微笑时；笑时；发音时声带振动（手摸喉咙能感觉到）发音时声带振动（手摸喉咙能感觉到）i舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向上腭抬起，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向上腭抬起，比比i:发音时略低；发音时略低；双唇仍呈扁平口形，比双唇仍呈扁平口形，比i:要稍大；要稍大；发音时声带振动，发音时间比发音时声带振动，发音时间比i:短短促。促。e舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭稍抬起，舌舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭稍抬起，舌位介于位介于i之间；之间；发音时声带振动；发音时声带振动；牙床半合，上下齿间可容纳一个食指尖。牙床半合，上下齿间可容纳一个食指尖。舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，比舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，比舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，比舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，比 e 发音发音发音发音时略低，开口度比时略低，开口度比时略低，开口度比时略低，开口度比 e 大；大；大；大；双唇向两旁平伸，成扁平形；双唇向两旁平伸，成扁平形；发音时咽喉有收缩，发音时咽喉有收缩，声带振动；声带振动；上下齿间可容纳食指和中指。上下齿间可容纳食指和中指。a:口张大，舌尖压低并后缩，舌尖不口张大，舌尖压低并后缩，舌尖不抵触下齿；抵触下齿；舌后稍抬起，双唇微收圆；舌后稍抬起，双唇微收圆；发音时声带振动发音时声带振动长元音，注意发音法度长元音，注意发音法度舌身压低并后缩，舌后部抬起，舌身压低并后缩，舌后部抬起，双唇稍稍收圆，发短音；双唇稍稍收圆，发短音；发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。舌后部抬得比舌后部抬得比 稍高稍高双唇呈中圆口形，并向前突出，双唇呈中圆口形，并向前突出，发长音。发长音。发音时声带振动；发音时声带振动；:u:舌尖离开下齿，舌后部向软腭抬起。舌尖离开下齿，舌后部向软腭抬起。双唇收双唇收圆，收小并圆，收小并向前突出；舌位最高向前突出；舌位最高口腔肌肉始终保持紧张状态；口腔肌肉始终保持紧张状态；发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。u舌尖离开下齿，但不与上齿接触；舌尖离开下齿，但不与上齿接触；舌尖离开下齿，但不与上齿接触；舌尖离开下齿，但不与上齿接触；舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起；舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起；舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起；舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起；双唇呈圆形，稍微向前突出，口腔肌双唇呈圆形，稍微向前突出，口腔肌肉放松；肉放松；舌放平，舌尖轻抵下齿底部，舌中部舌放平，舌尖轻抵下齿底部，舌中部略抬起；略抬起；双唇呈扁平口形双唇呈扁平口形,发音时口腔肌肉紧张发音时口腔肌肉紧张发音时声带振动；发音时声带振动；:舌放平，舌尖轻抵下齿底部，舌舌放平，舌尖轻抵下齿底部，舌中部略抬起；中部略抬起；肌肉放松，发短音；肌肉放松，发短音；发音时声带振动；发音时声带振动；后缩，舌尖轻触下齿，舌中部稍抬起；后缩，舌尖轻触下齿，舌中部稍抬起；双唇张开，唇形稍扁，并稍向后两旁双唇张开，唇形稍扁，并稍向后两旁平移；平移；发音时声带振动；发音时声带振动；VowelsLong VowelsCombinationWords/:/aarclass fastcar/:/alorauourarallwallshortmoreautumnfourwarm/:/irureareror girlshirtturnlearnburgerworstterm/i:/eeeaeieeybeeneatpiecemekey/U:/oouoroomdotrue VowelsShort VowelsCombinationWords/uoouooupcometroubleblood/oalostfoxwantwatch/erorouaroaeufarmerdoctordollargraciousaccount/iyesitmythdecide/ooouuofootshouldputwoman/e/eeaaheadpleasureelephantmany/abag/hand/ant/hat双元音ei先发先发 e 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 ei 音；音；双唇稍平，口形从半开到合；双唇稍平，口形从半开到合；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。ai先发先发先发先发 a:音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 ai 音；音；发发 a:音时，舌尖抵住下齿音时，舌尖抵住下齿；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音过程中，下颚迅速向上移动；发音过程中，下颚迅速向上移动；发音过程中，下颚迅速向上移动；发音过程中，下颚迅速向上移动；发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。先发先发 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向i音；音；唇形由圆唇变为扁唇；唇形由圆唇变为扁唇；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。i先发先发先发先发 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 i音；音；发音过程中，下颚稍抬高，双唇发音过程中，下颚稍抬高，双唇发音过程中，下颚稍抬高，双唇发音过程中，下颚稍抬高，双唇由扁平收圆；由扁平收圆；由扁平收圆；由扁平收圆；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。au先发先发 a:音，然后滑向音，然后滑向u 音；音；双唇逐渐收成圆形，并把舌后部双唇逐渐收成圆形，并把舌后部稍稍抬起；稍稍抬起；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。先发先发i音，然后滑向音，然后滑向音；音；发发i音时，用扁平唇音时，用扁平唇；发音过程中，双唇稍稍展开；发音过程中，双唇稍稍展开；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。先发先发e音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音；双唇半开；双唇半开；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。e先发先发 u 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向音；音；双唇由稍圆而展开；双唇由稍圆而展开；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音前长后短，前重后轻；发音时声带振动。发音时声带振动。VowelsDiphthongsCombinationWords/e/aayeaaieynameplaygreatraingrey/a/iybiketry/oyoiboychoice/eerearbeernear/e/earairerepearchairtherecare/ourtour/oowoahomekonwgoal/a/a/ouowourhousenowhourPracticetime/tam/dear/d/term/tm/hour/a/team/tim/fare/fe/Tim/tim/short/t/name/nem/ever/ev/no/n/fast/fst/toy/t/fat/ft/again/gen/fun/fn/doctor/dkt/fox/fks/room/rum/foot/fut/DialoguesA:What time is it now?B:Oh,its 3 oclock now.A:Our meeting about first-aid will start in a hour.B:No!I totally forget that.I promoised to finish my report today.A:Sorry to hear that.Guess you have to work overtime today.B:This is really annoying.Maybe I shall ask for an extension.A:I dont think Professor Lee would ever care.B:You can say that again.What a mess!A:Hey,cheer up.I might be able to help you with it after this meeting.B:You are my hero.I love you so much.A:Yeah I know.辅音 爆破音1.p&b 双唇闭紧，气流突然冲开双唇，冲出口腔。p是清辅音，声带不振动。b是浊辅音，声带振动。爆破音2.t&d舌尖紧抵上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔。t是清辅音，声带不振动。d是浊辅音，声带振动。爆破音k&g 舌后部抬起，紧贴软腭，形成阻碍。气流冲开阻碍后冲出口腔。k是清辅音，声带不振动。g是浊辅音，声带振动。摩擦音f&v 下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿问的缝隙通过，摩擦成音。f是清辅音，声带不振动。v是浊辅音，声带振动。摩擦音 2.s&z 舌端靠近上齿龈，气流从舌端和齿龈间通过，形成摩擦音。s是清辅音，声带不振动。z是浊辅音，声带振动。摩擦音 3.&舌尖轻触上齿背部，气流从舌齿问的缝隙送出。是清辅音，声带不振动。是浊辅音，声带振动。摩擦音 4.&舌身抬起靠近硬腭，舌端抬向上齿龈，形成狭长通道，气流由此通过，双唇稍微收圆并略突出。是清辅音，声带不振动。是浊辅音，声带振动。摩擦音发音时口张开，在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦，气流经过口腔时不受阻碍。h是清辅音，声带不振动。5.h 破擦音1.t&d舌尖舌端抬高，贴住上齿龈后部舌尖舌端抬高，贴住上齿龈后部形成阻碍，气流冲出阻碍摩擦成形成阻碍，气流冲出阻碍摩擦成音。口形稍突出，略成方形。音。口形稍突出，略成方形。t是清辅音，声带不振动，是清辅音，声带不振动，d 是浊辅音，声带振动。是浊辅音，声带振动。破擦音2.tr&dr舌尖向上卷起，并抵住上舌尖向上卷起，并抵住上齿龈后部，气流冲出舌尖和齿龈后部，气流冲出舌尖和齿龈之问的阻碍，双唇收圆，齿龈之问的阻碍，双唇收圆，稍向前突出。稍向前突出。trtr是清辅音，声带不振是清辅音，声带不振动，动，drdr是浊辅音，声带振是浊辅音，声带振动动.破擦音3.ts&dz舌端贴住上齿龈，形成阻舌端贴住上齿龈，形成阻碍，气流冲破阻碍，口形碍，气流冲破阻碍，口形扁平。扁平。tsts是清辅音，声带不振是清辅音，声带不振动，动，dzdz是浊辅音，声带是浊辅音，声带振动。振动。鼻音1.m双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔送出。在词末时，须略延鼻腔送出。在词末时，须略延长，以防止吞音长，以防止吞音。舌尖紧贴上齿龈，软腭下垂，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，软腭下垂，形成阻碍，气流由鼻腔送出。形成阻碍，气流由鼻腔送出。在词末时，须略延长，以防在词末时，须略延长，以防止吞音。止吞音。鼻音2.n软腭下垂，舌后部向软腭抬软腭下垂，舌后部向软腭抬起，堵住口腔通道，气流从起，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出。词末时发音清晰鼻腔送出。词末时发音清晰有力，略微延长。有力，略微延长。鼻音3.半元音 舌后部向软腭抬起，舌位高，口形收圆并稍向前突出,发音短促，一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。w经常发W这个音的字母及组合有：w wh例词：wait walk wallet waiter weekwhale white when why what 半元音 舌前部尽量向硬腭抬起，双唇平展，舌前部尽量向硬腭抬起，双唇平展，口微开，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦，该半口微开，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦，该半元音一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑元音一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。动，起辅音的作用。j 经常发/j/这个音的字母及组合有：y u例词：yes yo-yo yogurt yolk yearyoung unit unite unify 舌边音 1.元音前读清晰元音前读清晰ll，舌端抵上，舌端抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出；辅音前或词末发含糊泄出；辅音前或词末发含糊ll，舌端也抵上齿龈，但是，舌端也抵上齿龈，但是与清晰音相比，舌前部低与清晰音相比，舌前部低,舌舌后部高，发音略长。后部高，发音略长。舌尖卷起，抬向上齿龈舌尖卷起，抬向上齿龈后部，但不发生摩擦，后部，但不发生摩擦，舌两侧稍收拢，口形略舌两侧稍收拢，口形略突出，气流通过时发出突出，气流通过时发出轻微摩擦，轻微摩擦，rr是浊辅音，是浊辅音，声带振动。声带振动。舌边音 2.r ConsonantsPlosive ConsonantsCombinationWordsVoiceless/t/tteach/catVoiced/d/ddoor/desk/needVoiceless/k/c/kcake/kiteVoiced/g/g/scgreat/goat/schoolVoiceless/p/pplease/policeVoiced/b/b/spbright/speakConsonantsConsonants FricativeCombinationWordsVoiceless/f/f/ph/ghfine/phone/laughVoiced/v/v/gvery/of Voiceless/s/ssun/sixVoiced/z/z/szip/noseVoiceless/sh/tionshe/mentionVoiced/surepleasure/treasureVoiceless/ththree/thingVoiced/ththat/thereVoiceless/h/h/whhot/whoConsonantsAffricate ConsonantsCombinationWordsVoicelesstchlunch/catchVoicedddge/ge/jbridge/age/JulyVoicelesstrtrtree/tryVoiceddrdrdry/drinkVoicelesststsnuts/bootsVoiceddzdswords/gradesConsonantsNasal ConsonantsCombinationWordsVoicedmmmum/mustVoicednnnose/noteVoicedingdoing/goingLateral ConsonantsCombinationWordsVoicedrrrightVoicedllnose/noteSemivowelsCombinationWordsVoicedwwwind/whereVoicedjyyes/yellDialoguesA:I was told that Norman left school yesterday.B:Thats true.And he might never come back again.A:Well,it must be a very hard time for him.B:Yeah,we all feel very sorry for him.A:Things will get better and he will get through it eventually.B:I cant agree with you more.Come,lets go and fetch the kids.A:Just a minute.Let me get my coat.B:Sure.Oh,we need to get some milk on our way back.A:And some fruits,too.The fridge is alomst empty.