英语写作指导步骤市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,写作指导,从高考核卷及平时测验题，学生在做书面表示题时，得分率较低，卷面普遍存在缺点：文不对题（文体格式不规范）离题太远（抓不到要点，该说不说，不该说说太多）词不达意（有甚至用汉语标注或留空）病句太多（时态、语态、人称、数等语法）卷面不工整（字迹潦草、乱涂改、添插箭头满篇飞）。,第1页,第1页,第一步：明确体裁，掌握格式,依据情景提醒首先要弄清写何种体裁文章，是记叙文、阐明文、应用文，还是议论文等。,理解书信、日记、告知（口头或书面）、便条等格式。,弄清书面表示要求用何种人称，用第一人称，第二人称，还是第三人称来写。,依据所给材料信息拟定短文基本时态。,第2页,第2页,第二步：捕获信息，组织关键点,在审题阶段，考生应对关键点已经有一个基本了解。此时，在认真审题，搞清题意基础上，应逐一地完整无缺地把内容关键点列出来（普通为58个关键点），用明白、恰当、得体语言表示出来；其次要尽也许消除汉语式英语表示方式，更不能逐字逐句地将汉语译成英语，使得文章支离破碎。,第3页,第3页,第三步：谴词造句，准确表示,高考英语书面表示评分时应注意主要内容有：内容关键点、应用词汇和语法结构数量和准确性、上下文连贯性及语言得体性。,它不但要求考生能够依据提醒和要求准确表示出关键点，而且还要求考生在写作中能创造性地表示相关关键点。同时，考生必须注意，全部创新必须以准确性为前提。考生应尽也许使用自己熟悉、见过，利用较自如词汇或表示方式，冷静思考，扬长避短。,第4页,第4页,1、遣词,遣词基本原则是,准确、生动、形象，符合习惯,。但是，有时由于受中文干扰，有考生往往紧抠着提醒中某个中文词语绞尽脑汁地去找所学过等同该词英文词语，不但浪费了时间，更主要是往往选取词不恰当。碰到这种情况，能够采用,转译法,，用同义词、近义词，甚至可用反义词转代表示。,第5页,第5页,2、造句,在造句时，考生要注意下列三点：,1）句子既要,生动,，又要,简明扼要,。,2）在写作中应避免使用相同长度相同句型，而应注意,句式改变,，如长短句结合，简朴句、复杂句和复合句并用，还能够使用简化句等；一些较复杂结构如独立结构、分词结构等也能够使用。,3）能够使用一些,特殊句式,，如强调句、感慨句、倒装句等，增强语句表现力，以期增长文章“亮点”。,第6页,第6页,3、高考书面表示如何利用较复杂结构,1）改变时态,The bell is ringing now.(普通),There goes the bell!(高级),2）改变语态,People suggest that the conference be put off.(普通),It is suggested that the conference be put off.(高级),3）使用不定式,He is so kind that he can help me.(普通),He is so kind as to help me.(高级),第7页,第7页,4）使用过去分词,Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.(普通),Once seen,it can never be forgotten.(高级),5）使用 v.-ing 形式,If the weather permits,Ill come tomorrow.(普通),Ill come tomorrow,weather permitting.(高级),6）使用名词性从句,To his surprise,the little girl knows so many things.(普通),What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高级),第8页,第8页,7）使用定语从句,The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written.(普通),The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高级),8）使用状语从句If you come back before six oclock,you can go out.(普通)You can go out on condition that(provided that)you come back before six oclock.(高级),第9页,第9页,9）使用虚拟语调,If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have failed in the exam.(高级),10）使用倒装句,The teacher didnt come until he finished his homework.(普通),Not until he teacher came did he finish his homework.(高级),10）使用强调句型,Professor Lin teaches us English.(普通)It is Professor Lin who teaches us English.(高级),第10页,第10页,第四步、整理成篇，行文连贯,众所周知，要写出清楚流畅文章，需要把文章中各部分巧妙地连接在一起。这样可使文章自然而别致，并能层层展开主题句，完整地表示中心思想。考生答题时要依据所给条件、提醒、将事情发展过程合理排列成文；同时要注意文章逻辑要清楚，先写什么，后写什么，并应注意句与句、段与段之间连贯；要能够使用一些惯用表示时间顺序、方位关系、因果关系等逻辑概念,过渡词语,，将句子按英文习惯连贯成篇。切忌按中文意思，随意排列组句。,第11页,第11页,过渡词,是一个关系指导词，普通由副词或起副词作用短语承担。另外，代词、连词、上下文近义词等也可作过渡词。过渡词如同“桥梁”，在文章中发挥着连接上下文作用，学会恰当地利用过渡词会使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，融会贯穿，连成一体。,常见一些过渡词语：,1）表,并列关系,过渡词：and,also,as well,as well as,or,too,not only but also,both and,either or,neither nor 等。,2）表,递进关系,过渡词：besides,in addition,moreover,furthermore,whats more,whats worse 等。,第12页,第12页,3）表,转折,过渡词：but,however,yet,instead,despite,in spite of,whereas,although,otherwise,nevertheless 等。,4）表,原因,过渡词：because,because of,since,as,for,now that,thanks to,due to,for this reason,owing to,considering that,seeing that 等。,5）表,结果,过渡词：so,thus,therefore,as a result,so that,so/such that 等。,6）表,条件,过渡词：if,unless,on condition that,as/so long as 等。,第13页,第13页,7）表,时间,过渡词：when,while,after,before,until,as soon as,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,from then on,eventually,in the meantime,then,suddenly,at the same time,next,early this morning/year,after a while,now,in a few days,presently,finally,at last,all of a sudden,form now on,at present,immediately,the moment 等。,8）表,特定顺序关系,过渡词：first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,first of all,then,next,finally,in the end,at last,afterward(s),meanwhile,last,finally,eventually 等。,第14页,第14页,9）表,换一个方式表示,过渡词：in other words,that is to say,to put it another way 等。,10）表,进行举例阐明,过渡词：for instance,for example,take as an example,namely,such as,like 等。,11）表,陈说事实,过渡词：in fact,actually,as a matter of fact,to tell you the truth 等。,12）表,强调,过渡词：certainly,indeed,above all,surely,most importantly,no doubt,without any doubt,truly,obviously,especially,primarily,in particular,undoubtedly,absolutely 等。,第15页,第15页,13）表,比较、对比,过渡词：like,unlike,in the same way,similarly,be similar to,different from,rather than,on the contrary,by contrast,on the other hand,on the one hand,on the other hand,the former the latter 等。,14）表,目的,过渡词：for this reason,for this purpose,so that,in order to,so as to 等。,15）表,总结,过渡词：in a word,in general,in short,after all,generally speaking,to sum up,in conclusion,in summary,on the whole 等。,第16页,第16页,TV and Website,TV and website are popular media.They have something in common.Both of them make money from ads.Websites also have different sections.You may choose the one you are most interested in.,They are different in many ways.Moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation.It makes you feel that you are just on the spot.The programs change every day.Professional TV reporters do the report for TV.Some information on websites changes all the time.Not all of it is so updated.Everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter.,Every medium has its own features.It is hard to say which is better.,第17页,第17页,Both TV and website are popular media.They have something in common.Both of them make money from ads.,Similar to TV,websites also have different sections,so that you may choose the one you are most interested in.,However,they are different in many ways.,First of,all,moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation,which,makes you feel as if you are just on the spot,.,Then,the programs change every day and professional TV reporters do the report for TV.,Unlike,TV,some information on websites changes all the time,but,not all of it is so updated.,In,addition,everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter.,In a word,every medium has its own features,so,it is hard to say which is better.,第18页,第18页,第五步：检查修改，誊写工整,做书面表示时，力争用词准确。作文写完后应认真阅读，检查文章中,拼写和标点,错误、,语法,错误、,逻辑,错误等；检查,词数,是否符合要求；检查,内容要点,是否全面，删繁就简，使表示愈加精炼，,措词,愈加恰当。定稿后应认真誊写，要求,书写规范,、,正确,、,美观,，并保持,卷面整洁,，力争有较好电脑扫描效果。,第19页,第19页,