雅思写作常用单词及词组.doc

Education
1 传授知识impart(vt.)/inculcate(vt.) knowledge
灌输高尚的道德观instill(vt.) high moral values (注意values 复数表示价值观)
给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth.
Motivate the students to do sth.
给学生以灵感stimulate the students’ thought
give the students inspiration
培养（某种素质） cultivate/foster/nurture(vts.)
促进学生身心的发展
promote the student’s physical/mental/ intellectual and emotional development
心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/welfare(adjs)
塑造某人的性格mould one’s character
责任感a sense of obligation
能力(先天获得) aptitude/talent
能力（后天学习得到） ability/skill
2 学校教育（n） schooling(n) 家庭教育（n） parenting(n)
教学法methodology/pedagogical methodology
用填鸭式教学来教育学生force-feed(vt.) the students
学生不应该只是被动的接受简单知识的容器
Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas
死记硬背learn things by rote
为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization’s own sake
以及方程式， 公式， 定理， 定律memorize(vt.) equations, formulas, theorems and
laws(nouns)
应用apply 盲从follow something blindly/indiscriminately(advs)
限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt.)/stifle(vt.)/constrain(vt.) creativity(noun)
打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students’ enthusiasm/ frustrate the students
产生不必要的压力beget/create undue pressure
3 把学生分开教育（如根据课堂上的表现）segregate(vt.) students
来自于其他同学的压力peer pressure
适应（v） adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.
适应能力adaptability 逆境adverse circumstances/adversity
团队精神team spirit(n) 独立思考thing independently(adv)
在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding
鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically(adv)
学生的反馈students’ feedback/input
学生评价老师的教学students appraise/evaluate(vts) their teachers’ performance
学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’ grasp/command(n) of what has been taught
4 学生学习的各门功课加在一起称为curriculum(n)
具体一门课叫syllabus
课外活动叫extra-curricular activities
学校是社会的缩影a school is society in miniature
不遵守纪律(n) indiscipline/misbehavior/mischief(n)
不遵守纪律(adj)的学生disruptive/unruly students
5 理论知识theoretical knowledge
就业技能employable/marketable skills
通才generalist 专才specialist
全面发展的well-rounded/versatile(adj)
为社会健康发展作贡献contribute to societal(adj) well-being(n)/welfare(n)
6 大学学科的分类可以分为人文学科（文学，历史语言学等）humanities
社会学科（政治经济学社会学的） social sciences
艺术（音乐雕塑等） arts
文科也可以总称为liberal arts/ liberal studies
理科（物理化学生物学等） sciences
工科（工程自动化等） engineering
大学里任何一个学科都有可以叫discipline
基础科学basic sciences
应用科学applied sciences
小学教育primary-level education
中学教育secondary-level education
大学教育tertiary-level education
职业教育vocational education/training
青少年（复数） youths/youngsters/adolescents

Technology
1 生物技术biotechnology 克隆cloning (n) clone(v)
远程通讯telecommunications(n)
尖端的技术cutting-edge(adj) technology
信息爆炸information exposion/overload
信息时代the information age/era
互联网被广泛的应用the proliferation(n) of the Internet
太空探索（n） space exploration
一个人的基因构成one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming
2 科技创新与发展technological innovations/inventions/advances/progression(n)
提高效率augment/enhance/boost(vts) efficiency
提高生产效率augment/enhance/boots productivity
减少人力的机器（计算机发明之前的技术） labor-saving machinery
取代人力的机器（计算机发明之后的技术） labor-replacing machinery
自动化automation(n)/ automated(adj)
3 彻底变革transform/revolutionize(vts)/ fundamentally change sth.
以一种史无前例的速度向前发展advance/progress(vis) at an unprecedented(adj) rate
如果要说以一种让人震惊的速度向前发展，只要把unprecedented 改成astonishing
如果要说正以一种很快的速度向前发展sth is advancing by leaps and bounds
产生深远的影响create/produce/generate/breed/spawn(vts)/result in/lead to/
profound(adj)/far-reaching(adj)/pervasive(adj)
influence/ impact/ bearing/ implications/ repercussions (n)
Media
1 侵犯隐私violate/intrude on/infringe on someone’s privacy
破坏某人的名誉tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch(vts) one’s reputation
狗仔队paparazzi(复数名词不再加s)
新闻界the press
印刷媒体（如报纸杂志） the print media
报道新闻的机构news outlets
电子媒体the electronic media
名人a celebrity/celebrities(plu)
时事current affairs
丑闻scandals
无处不在prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive(adj)
2 审查censor(vt)
删除delete/eliminate/excise(vts)
过多的暴力与色情内容excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic(adjs) contents
报道非常详尽的细节report sth. In graphic detail
媒体炒作（n） media hype
有误导性的misleading/misrepresented/distorted(adjs)
诈骗性的fraudulent(adj)
虚假的false/bogus(adjs)
夸大事实exaggerate(vt) things/sensationalize(vt) things/blow things out of all
proportions(最后一个比较口语用作文也可以)
充斥着be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.
掩盖（丑闻或罪行等） cover up/gloss over/whitewash
不客观的，不公正的biased/skewed/unobjective(adjs)
3 如实的报道factual accounts(n)
可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable
客观公正的objective and balanced(adjs)
及时的up-to-the-minute(adj)/up-to-date(adj) 前者比后者更加及时
信息量大的informative
娱乐性强的entertaining(adj)
有新闻价值的newsworthy(adj)
监督scrutiny(n)/scrutinize(vt)/monitor(vt)
揭露expose/reveal(vts)
道德准则（n） code of ethics/code of conduct
Government
1 当局authorities(n)
老百姓citizens/the citizenry
规范，管理regulate/administer/overse(vts)
实施implement(vt)
立法legislate(vi)/make laws
民主与开放的政府a democratic and progressive government
严禁(v) strictly prohibit/ban altogether
严格的法律stringent laws/legislation
规章制度rules and regulations
2 为。。。拨款allocate money to sth./ subsidize (vt)/be a patron of/invest
in/finance(vt)/fund(vt)/dedicate money to sth.
预算budget
税收tax revenue(n)
政府在某方面的开支（n） 他和government spending/expenditure on sth.
削减（v） curtail(vt)
增加augment(vt)
当务之急（n） priority
把。。。当成当务之急give priority to sth.
责任（n） responsibility/obligation
人道主义救援humanitarian(adj) aid (n)
管理administer/regulate
2 军备竞赛arms race(n)
自卫self-defense(BrE,n)
国土安全expansion/aggression(n)
谋求霸权seek/pursue(vts) hegemony(n)
恶性循环a vicious circle(n)
地区不稳定因素destabilizing factors
太空竞赛space race(n)
武器weapons/arms/armaments(n)
下岗工人laid-off workers/downsized workers
失业（n） unemployment/joblessness
3 基础设施infrastructure 比如
公共交通系统public transport system(BrE)
电网power grid
石油和天然气管道pinelines
给排水系统water supply and drainage system
Language & Culture
1 一种可以通用的语言a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language
英语被广泛使用the proliferation(n) of English
英语的统治地位the dominant role/the ascendancy/the hegemony of English
方言dialect(n)/vernacular/the indigenous language
小语种将会消亡lesser-known language wll become extinct/obsolete(adjs)
小语种的消亡（n） the extinct/demise of lesser-known languages
2 文化遗产包括有形和无形的两种有形的如历史遗址，无形的如风俗习惯仪式传统道德
观念等cultural hertiage can be divided into two groups:tangible cultural
hertiage,such as historic sites and intangible cultural hertiage,such as
customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc.
保护preserve (vt)
祖先forefathers/ancestors
后代descendants/posterity 后面一个是不可数名词
3 少数民族ethnic minorities
民族团结the harmony(n) between ethnic groups/races
文化融合cultural integration and synthesis(n)
互相影响interaction
文化多元性cultural diversity
丰富（v） enrich(vt)
狭隘的观念insular/provincial/parochial(adjs)/parochial(adjs) mentality
贬低（ v ） deprecate/denigrate/minimize(vts) the importance of
/disparage/trivialize/discredit(vts)
。。。不是一成不变的sth. is not set/carved in stone
Development
1 生活节奏加速the tempo/pace of life has accelerated
疲劳fatigue(n)
抑郁症depression
失眠sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia(n)
导致人与人之间疏远create（vt）alienation(n) between people
过于功利的materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping(adjs)
追求最大限度利润pursue(vt) maximum profit
交通堵塞traffic jams/traffic congestions/gridlock 最后一个是不可数名词
阻碍(v) impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)
让人担心的worrying/worrisome/disturbing/disquieting/disconcerting(adjs)
危害， 破坏（ v ） undermine/spoil/do a disservice to
sth/ruin/imperil/endanger/jeopardise(BrE) 都是vts
危害，破坏（n）harm/damage/destruction/devastation
恶化（v） worsen(vi,vt)/deteriorate(vi)
导致某种问题更加恶化amplify(vt)/magnify(vt)/exacerbate(vt)/aggravate(vt) a
problem
缓解ease/alleviate/mitigate(vts)
2 有特殊审美价值的老房子old building of special aesthetic value（注意审美观的说
法是aesthetic values 复数）
有特殊历史意义的老房子building of historic significance
居民vernacular dwellings
让城市更美观beautify(vt) the cities/better(vt) the cityscape
破旧的（房子） decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated(adjs)
拆除tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/knock down a building
高楼high-rise buildings
摩天楼skyscrapers
城市化unbanisation(n)
城乡差距the disparity(n) between the city and the countryside
城市的urban
乡村的rural
搬迁relocate(vi,vt)
3 在家上班（v） telecommute(vi)
休闲leisure/recreation(n0
精神上的享受（n） amusement and enjoyment(n)
娱乐entertainment/diversion
宽松的管理(n) laissez-faire management(n)
运营成本（n） operating costs/overhead cost
雇用（v） recruit(vt)
会导致效率降低的（adj） counterproductive
劳动力资源labour(BrE) pool
4 人口爆炸population explosion(n)/population boom
控制人口birth control/family planning
贫穷的needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/deprived/destitute/indigent
富裕的affluent/wealthy/well-off
爱慕虚荣的pretentious/ostentatious(adjs)
缺少运动的生活方式sedentary(adj) lifestyle
营养过剩over nourishment(n)
扶贫poverty alleviation(n)

Globalization
（国家或者地区的）文化特性(national or regional) cultural identity
全球文化同一化过程(n,即地区文化特征消失) global cultural homogenization(n)
文化同一性（或叫文化均质性） cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity
全球化是一把双刃剑Globalization is a two-edged sword
地球村the global village
席卷一切的潮流sweeping trends
有机结合东西方文化synthesize the Asian and Western culture
侵蚀erode(v) 普遍的universal(adj)
Women & Families
1 两性平等gender equality
性别歧视sexism/gender discrimination
一个开明的社会a progressive/enlightened society
2 被家务事拖累be tied down by household chores
生育孩子child bearing(n)
抚养孩子child rearing(n)
母性的本能maternal instinct
家务housework/household chores
抚养子女的方式parenting
代沟generation gap/disparity
性格冲突personality clashes
3 老年人elderly people/senior citizens
青少年adolescents/youngsters
家庭成员间的情感纽带family bonds/family ties
归属感a sense of belonging
对。。。依恋（n） an attachment to sth/an affinity for sth
贫穷的家庭deprived family
富裕的家庭affluent families
家庭的培养upbringing
4 虐待mistreat/abuse(vts)
家庭暴力domestic violence
毒品上瘾(n) addiction to drugs/ be addicted(adjs) to drugs
单亲家庭single-parent households
濒于破裂或已经破裂的家庭broken families/dysfunctional households
挽救salvage(vt)
Tourism
1 旅游景点tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest
开阔眼界push back/expand one’s vision/horizons
游客与当地人的互动tourists can interact with the locals
促进文化交流promote cultural communication
吸引draw/attract/appeal to (vts)/be a magnet for somebody
亲身体验(n) first-hand experience
多种感官体验的（如听觉，触觉等） multi-sensory(adj)
相互了解mutual understanding
2 把游客和当地人隔离seclude/isolate(vts) the tourist from the locals
商业化commercialize/commodity(vts)
欺骗游客的手段tourist traps
冲突conflict(n,vi+with)
争端(n) discord/dissension
间接体验（如通过电视或互联网n） scrod-hand experience/vicarious experience
文化遗产cultural heritage
互联网不会让旅游业过时the Internet will not render tourism obsolete
Environment
1 生态系统ecosystem/ecological system
某一地区所有植物的总称the flora(n)
某一地区所有动物的总称the fauna(n)
某一地区所有生物的总称the wildlife in a region/the biota(flora+fauna) of a region
生物多样性biodiversity(n)
生态平衡ecological balance/ecological equilibrium(n)
2 可持续发展sustainable development
环保主义者environmentalist/conservationists
对环境无害的environmentally-friendly(adj)
节约使用conserve(vt)
保护preserve
再利用reuse/recycle
3 肥沃的土壤fertile soil
贫瘠的土壤infertile soil
耕地（n） arable land/farmland
增加农产品产量boost crop yield
开采自然资源exploit natural resources
4 短缺（n） shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack
5 消耗（某种资源） consume/deplete(vts)
用尽（某种资源） use up/exhaust(vts)
给资源造成很大压力put a strain on the already stretched resources
破坏自然资源wreak(vt) havoc(n) on natural resources
臭氧层ozone layer
砍伐森林deforestation(n)
污染pollute/contaminate(vts)
有毒的poisonous/toxic(adjs)
污水effluent/sewage
排放discharge
温室效应greenhouse effect/global warming
严重的severe/grave/grievous(adjs)
白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbage/wastes that cannot decompose or
breakdown/inorganic trash
恶化deteriorate/aggravate 前者为自身恶化，后者为被恶化
6 可再生资源renewable resources
不可再生资源non-renewable resources(包括金属metals,矿产minerals,石油petroleum,
天然气natural gas,煤coal,等后三种可总称为fossil fuels)
7 各国必须携手解决环境问题countries on this planet must join forces/makes a
concerted effort/unite(vi) to combat/tackle/resolve/address(vts) environmental
problems
谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone(vts) sth
严厉的措施harsh action/measures
增强公众关于。。。的意识raise/elevate the public awareness of sth
Crime
触犯法律break/violate/flout/disobey the law
犯罪commit a crime
罪行offences(BrE)/crimes/criminal acts
罪犯criminal/offender/culprit. perpetrator
从犯accomplice/accessory(n)/convicts(n)后者指帮助犯罪但为直接参与的人
受害者victim(n)
心理创伤trauma(n)
曾横社会resent society/hold a grudge against society
囚犯inmate/convicts(n)
牢房cell
监禁(v) imprison/incarcerate(vts) someone
教育罪犯educate/edify(vts) criminals
宽容的lenient(adj)
改造罪犯reform/rehabilitate criminals
执法部门law enforcement agencies
重罪heinous crimes/flagitious crime/felony(n)
轻罪petty crime/misdemeanour(BrE)
初犯的人first-time offender
惯犯hardened criminals/repeat criminals
遏制猖獗的犯罪curb/halt/check(vts) the rampant(adj) crimes
再次犯罪(v) revert(vi) to crime
再次犯罪(n) recidivism
守法的公民law-abiding citizens
遵守法律abide by/comply with the law
无视…(v) disregard
给某人造成心理创伤traumatize(vt) someone
抓捕track down/hunt down/capture(vt)
有预谋的犯罪premeditated crime
犯罪倾向(n) criminal tendency
Animal
动物实验animal experiments
被绳之以法be brought to justice
动物权益保护主义animal rights activists
医学研究medical research
残忍的cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal(adjs)
活体揭破vivisection
麻醉anesthetic(BrE,n)
减轻动物的痛苦alleviate/ease(vts) animals’ pain
宠物是主人的伙伴pets are companions of their masters
给主人心理安慰afford their masters consolation and comfort(n)
偷猎poach(vi,vt)/poaching(n)
某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives(单数
去s) for sth
认为动物和人类相同的感官的观点(n) anthropomorphism
濒危动物endangered species