一般过去时的被动语态学习三要素.doc

一．掌握一般过去时的被动语态的概念及构成 榄一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作，由“主语 was / were 及物动词的过去分词 by 动作执行者”构成，无需说明动作执行者时可省去“by 动作执行者” 。句中主语就是原主动语态的宾语，动作执行者就是原主动语态的主语。was were 的使用由主语的单复数形式而定，主语为第三人称单数名词、代词或 I 时用 was 主语为复数名词、代词 they 或 you 时用 were。如：
This bridge was built in October last year.
这座桥是去年十月份建的。
These cakes were made by my mother last night.
这些蛋糕是我妈妈昨天晚上做的。
The girl said she was often beaten by her brother.
女孩说她经常被她兄弟打。
二． 掌握一般过去时的被动语态句型的变换方法
一般过去时被动语态句型变换应围绕 was were 进行， 否定形式应在其后加 not 一般疑问句形式应将其提至句首， 特殊疑问句形式应将一般疑问句置于特殊疑问词后面， 反意疑问句形式应保留 was / were。如：
His computer was not stolen by thieves last night.
他的电脑昨天晚上没有被小偷偷走。
Was your homework finished in time yesterday evening.
昨天晚上你及时完成家庭作业了吗？
When was your letter written The day before yesterday.
你的信是什么时候写的？前天吗？
Why was this problem not worked out by you?
为什么你没有解出这道试题？
Your bike was not repaired last night was it.
你的自行车昨晚没有被修理，是吗？
三． 掌握一般过去时的被动语态疑问句的回答方法
一般过去时的被动语态的一般疑问句形式肯定回答用“Yes ... was / were.” ，否定回答用“No ... wasn’t / weren’t.” 特殊疑问句应抓住特殊疑问词进行回答，可用简略方法，也可用完整方法 反意疑问句也应用“Yes ... was / were.”或“No ... wasn’t / weren’t.”进行回答。如：
—Was your office cleaned yesterday afternoon?
你的办公室昨天下午打扫了吗？
—Yes it was. / No it wasn’t.
是的，打扫了。/ 不，没有打扫。
—Were your rooms painted again last week?
你的房间上周重新粉刷了吗？
—Yes they were. / No they weren’t.
是的，重新粉刷了。/ 不，没有重新粉刷。
—When was your brother sent to work in Beijing?
你兄弟是什么时候被派到北京去工作的？
—Last year. / He was sent to work in Beijing last year.
去年。/ 他是去年被派到北京工作的。
—Where was the party held last Sunday?
上周日聚会在哪儿举行的？
—At home. / It was held at home.
在家里。/ 在家里举行的。
—Your debt was paid off at last wasn’t it?
你所欠的债最终被还清了，是吗？
—Yes it was. / No it wasn’t.
是的，被还清了。/ 不，没有被还清。