《每日一题》高一英语•人教版•必修4Unit2（2）.doc

2017年5月1日
build up; lead to
高考频度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★★★☆

1. (2014·湖南)Bears ___________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up B. build up
C. bring up D. take up
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】句意：熊在整个夏季和秋季积累脂肪，以便能使它们有足够的能量度过冬眠。build up集聚，积累。pack up打包；bring up抚养；take up从事，占据，都与语境不符。所以选B项。
【拓展延伸】
build up累积，逐渐增强；建立；开发
build up to为……做准备
build on建立在……的基础上
2. (2016•北京改编)This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can ___________ kidney(肾) failures and death.(lead)
【参考答案】lead to
【试题解析】句意：这会影响它们的神经系统和生育能力，导致肾衰竭和死亡。此处表示＂导致＂，所给提示词是lead，故填lead to。
【拓展延伸】
(1)lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向
lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事
lead sb in doing sth 带领某人做某事
lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走；完全控制某人
lead the way率先
lead a(n)...life过着……的生活
(2)in the lead领先
take the lead领先，带头
◆特别提醒
1. lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于，pay a ttention to 对……加以注意，object to 反对，stick to 坚持，look forward to 期望，等等。
2. lead to不用于被动语态。
3. lead to是前因后果，而近义短语lie in/result from是前果后因。

1. (2015•新课标全国卷II改编)I actually began to build ___________my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.
2. Radium salts, which have been found to __________ in bones, give rise to cancers of the bone.
A. take up B. build up
C. keep up D. pull up
3. Practicing Chinese kung fu not only ____________ one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.
A. bring up B. take up
C. build up D. pull up
4. 用lead短语完成句子
①The bank has offered a reward for any information ___________________ the arrest of the men.
银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。
②What _____________________ acting as a career?
是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？
③Working hard will 　　 　　 　　　 　 success.
努力工作会使你成功。 
5. (2015·重庆) You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are ___________ jet lag(时差反应).
A. suffering from B. working on
C. looking into D. leading to
6. (2013·浙江) When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to __________it with important points.
A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold

1. up 【解析】build up累积，逐渐增强，为固定用法，且符合语境。
2. B 【解析】句意：人们发现镭盐会在骨骼中累积起来，增加患骨癌的风险。build up积累。take up占据；keep up保持，维持；pull up停车。
3. C 【解析】句意：练习中国武术不仅会增强人的力量，还能发展人的性格。build up累积，逐渐增强。
4. ①leading to ②led you to take up ③lead to
5. A 【解析】suffer from 遭受，经历；work on 从事；look into调查；lead to 导致。此处是说你遭受时差反应，故选A项。
6. A 【解析】句意：当小组讨论即将结束的时候，要注意确保用要点来总结讨论内容。用conclude表示＂得出结论，总结＂，选A项。lead带领，通向；avoid避免；hold容纳。

你“积累”知识了吗？你的积累“导致”了什么？
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2017年5月2日
focus; reduce
高考频度：★★★☆☆ 难易程度：★★★☆☆

1. (2015•重庆改编)When everyone else in the class was focusing ___________ tasks, I could not.
【参考答案】on
【试题解析】句意：当班里其他所有人都把注意力集中在任务上时，我做不到。focus on把……集中于……，为固定搭配，故填on。
【拓展延伸】
(1) focus n. (兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点
be in focus 焦距对准；清晰
be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊
bring sth into focus 把某物集中在焦点上
(2) focus v. (使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦
focus one’s attention/thoughts/efforts on集中注意力/思想/努力于
the focus of attention关注的焦点
focus sth on/upon sth=fix...on...使……集中于……
be focused on/upon sth=be fixed on 集中于……
2. (2016•江苏改编)Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can __________(降低) the spread of disease.(单词拼写)
【参考答案】reduce
【拓展延伸】
reduce vt. 减少，缩减
reduce one’s expenditure/expense 减少某人的开支
be reduced to despair 陷入绝望
reduce to... 降至……
reduce by... 减少了……

1. 完成句子
①We should _________ _________ _________ _________ our study. (focus)
我们应该把注意力放在学习上。
②She felt all the eyes _________ _________ _________ her. (focus)
她觉得所有人都在注视着她。
③(2016•北京改编)Anxious all the time, I was unable to ___________ ___________ for more than an hour at a time. (focus)
由于一直很紧张，我无法一次集中精力超过一小时。
2. (2015·江苏) The whole team ___________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
A. wait on B. focus on
C. count on D. call on
3. (2015·江苏) Butterflies __________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
A. carry on B. feed on
C. put on D. focus on
4. 完成句子
①He persuaded them to __________ the price _________ $1,000.
他劝服他们把价格降到1 000美元。
②Production costs have __________ __________ __________ one third.
生产成本下降了1/3。
③He decided to __________ __________ __________.
他决定减少自己的开支。
④(2014•浙江改编)Any huge task seems easier when___________ ___________ (减少到) baby steps.
⑤(2016•北京改编)Researchers have discovered that ＂night milk＂ contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and___________ ____________(减少焦虑).
5. (2015·浙江) But what about the personal and social costs in pursuing money over meaning?
A. assessed B. involved
C. covered D. reduced

1. ①focus our attention on
②were focused on
③keep focused
2. C 【解析】句意：全队都指望Christiano Ronaldo，他从未让他们失望。A项＂服侍，等待＂；B项＂集中（注意力）于＂；C项＂指望＂；D项＂呼吁，拜访＂。故选C项。
3. B 【解析】carry on 继续，坚持；feed on 以……为食；put on穿上，上演；focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于。句意：蝴蝶以花分泌的一种甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和其他的昆虫也采集这种甜的液体。
4. ①reduce; to
②been reduced by
③reduce his expenditure/expense
④reduced to
⑤reduce anxiety
5. B 【解析】A. assessed评估；B. involved涉及，involved in 参与；C. covered覆盖；D. reduced减少。句意：那么，在追求金钱高于意义的情况下，参与其中的个人以及社会所付出的代价呢？

今天的考点难吗？你知道如何用吗？
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2017年5月3日
动名词作主语
高考频度：★★★★★ 难易程度：★★★★☆

(2016·新课标全国卷II) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.
【参考答案】is
【试题解析】考查句子结构和主谓一致。本句中单个动名词短语＂Leaving.....tomorrow＂在句中作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，且此处表示一般情况，所以使用is。
【拓展延伸】
动名词由＂动词原形+ing＂构成。英语动名词是非谓动词的一种形式。动名词既有动词的特点，可以带自己的宾语、状语等，又相当于一个名词，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
动名词作主语的用法：
1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态，谓语动词通常用单数。
2. 作主语时常后置，此时须用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词(短语)作表语。
常用此种情况的形容词有dangerous, worthwhile, useless等；名词或名词短语有no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等。
注意：
1. 动名词作主语时表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. 动名词的复合结构( sb’s doing)作主语：动名词的复合结构是指物主代词、名词所有格是动名词逻辑上的主语；动名词是其逻辑上的谓语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
3. 动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。

1. (2015·安徽) ___________ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored
2. (2014·湖南) ___________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
A. Understanding B. To be understood
C. Being understood D. Having understood
3. (2013·福建) _____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known
4. (2013·浙江) ____________how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
5. (2014·辽宁) The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. (改错)

1. B 【解析】句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者是主动关系，且此处不表示完成，因此用动名词的一般式作主语，故选B。
2. A 【解析】不定式（短语）或动名词（短语）均可作主语，区别在于不定式常表示将来，是特指；而动名词表示一般情况，是泛指。而本句指的是普遍现象，属于泛指，故用动名词作主语。句意：理解你自身的需要及交际风格和学会表达你的感情和情绪一样重要。故A正确。
3. C　【解析】动名词在本句中作主语，此处表示一般情况，用一般式；having known 是完成式，表示动作已经完成或先于谓语动词发生。句意：懂得一些基本的急救技巧将有助于你对紧急情况作出快速应对。
4. A 【解析】根据句子结构可知，此处create前面的主语应该是_________how others react to the book you have just read，其中you have just read是定语从句，修饰the book，hear与逻辑主语you为主动关系，且此处不表示完成，所以此处空格中应该用动名词的一般形式，故选A项。
5. have—has 【解析】句意：每天早上吠叫都会打扰我们，因为我们经常整晚都熬夜照顾孩子。主语是动名词，谓语用单数形式，故have改成has。

动名词作主语，你会了吗？
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2017年5月4日
keep...free from/of; comment
高考频度：★★★★☆ 难易程度：★★★★☆

1. (2015•江苏改编)If men insisted on being free___________ the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free.
【参考答案】from
【试题解析】be free from没有……，免于……，无……之忧，为常见搭配，故填from。
【拓展延伸】
1. keep 短语：
keep away from 避开；不接近
keep off (使)不接近；挡开
keep up with 跟上，不落后
keep...out of使……不进入；使……置身事外
keep...in mind 记住……
keep...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
2. free 短语：
free from 没有……，免于……，无……之忧
free of 无……的；免于……的，离开了……的
free sb/sth from... 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放
for free=free of charge 免费地，无偿地
be free to do sth 自由地做某事
be free with sb 对某人放肆
set sb free 释放某人
2. (2015·新课标全国卷I改编) My 10-year-old noticed him and made a __________ on how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.
A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】A. suggestion建议；B. comment评论；C. decision决定；D. call电话。make a comment on对……发表看法。句意：我10岁的孩子注意到他在寒风里站在外面，并评论说他的情况一定很糟糕。故选B。
【拓展延伸】
comment n. 评论；议论 vi. 表达意见；做出评论 vt. 评论
(1)ask for comment 征求意见
make comments on/about 对……发表评论
No comment. 无可奉告。
Without comment. 不必多说。
(2)comment on/upon...对……做出评论；就……表达意见
comment that...评论……

1. 用适当的介词或副词填空
①These fires would keep the homes warm and free ____________evil spirits.
②Mary tends to keep _____________from people who try to be friendly too suddenly.
2. 完成句子
①The lake ____________________________ pollution.
这湖没有污染。
②The secretary ______________________________ all blame for the errors.
这些失误完全不能怪秘书。
③Try to _______________________________ all prejudices.
尽量消除你的一切偏见。
3. 单句填空
①Ford made favorable ___________ (comment) on the talks held yesterday.
②He ___________ (comment) that it was an excellent film.
③Do you have any ___________ (comment) to make on the recent developments?
④(2015•福建改编)Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some____________(comment), always to the point.
4. 完成句子
①He made some useful ___________ ___________ my work.
他对我的作品做了一些有用的评论。
②He ____________ that this book is worth reading.
他评论这本书值得看。
5. (2015·江苏) Some schools will have to make __________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements

1. ①from ②away
2. ①is free of
②was free from
③free yourself from
3. ①comments ②commented ③comment/comments ④comment
4. ①comments on/about ②comments
5. B 【解析】句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项意为＂判断，决断＂；B项意为＂调整＂；C项意为＂评价，评论＂；D项意为＂成就＂。故选B项。

考点总结：
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2017年5月5日
动名词作宾语
高考频度：★★★★★ 难易程度：★★★★☆

(2016·新课标全国卷I) My ambassadorial duties will include ___________(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【参考答案】introducing
【试题解析】考查动名词。介词后面应该用动名词形式作宾语。
【拓展延伸】
动名词由＂动词原形+ing＂构成。英语动名词是非谓动词的一种形式。动名词既有动词的特点，可以带自己的宾语、状语等，又相当于一个名词，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
动名词作宾语的用法如下：
1. 只能接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。
2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有begin, start, stop, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。
(1)在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
(2)在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和不定式意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
(3)在动词forget, remember, regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同：动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示动作后于谓语动作发生。
(4)在try, mean之后，用动名词与不定式意义各不相同，如 try to do (设法做某事)，try doing (尝试做某事)，mean to do (打算/有意要做某事)，mean doing (意思是/意味着做某事)。
(5)在go on之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同：go on doing 继续做一直在做的事；go on to do 接着做另一件事。
(6)在stop之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同：stop doing 停止正在做的事；stop to do停下正在做的事去做另一件事。
3. 作介词宾语
注意：
当 need, want, require, worth后面接动词-ing也可以表示被动(主动形式表示被动意义)。
☛Your hair wants cutting. 你该剪头发了。

1. (2014·辽宁) Keep (hold) your position for a while.
2. (2015·北京) The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ___________.
A. recognizing B. being recognized
C. having recognized D. having been recognized
3. (2014·江西) When it comes to ___________ in public, no one can match him.
A. speak B. speaking
C. being spoken D. be spoken
4. (2013·江苏) Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ____________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.
A. reducing B. reduced
C. being reduced D. having reduced
5. 改错
①(2016·新课标全国卷II) We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.
②(2016·新课标全国卷III) I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
③(2015·四川) We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.

1. holding 【解析】考查动名词。句意：保持这个姿势一段时间。keep后面接动名词holding作宾语。
2. B 【解析】句意：那位电影明星戴上墨镜。所以，他去买东西不会被认出来。根据题中的介词without判断，此后应该使用动名词形式，由于他是被人认出，所以应该用动名词的被动式，所以选B。
3. B 【解析】When it comes to sth 是一固定句型，表示＂当谈到……＂，to 为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词，而此句子不含被动意思，因