高一英语课文知识点2.doc

1.be good to对待 好对比 :be good for对 有好处2.add up特别注意有关的几个词组:add to 给 添加 , 把 加到 上add to 增添,增加add up 把 加起来add up to 合计达 *If you add 5 to 5, you get 10.*She added sugar to the tea.*If you add some pictures to your report, that will be better. *The bad weather added to our difficulties.*Every time I add these figures up , I get a different answer. *His monthly income added up to no more than $1,000. 翻译:请对我的话做些补充。Please add something to what I ve said.请帮我把这些数字加起来。Please add up these figures for me. 3.upset(upset,upsetvt. 使难过、不安; adj. 难过的,不安的 *Losing the game upset her.*His friend s death upset him very much.*I ll be really upset if you don t come.*I was very upset to see she was hurt.*You look upset -what s happened?4.ignore vt. 忽略,没注意;不理睬*Even the most careful person may ignore it.*It s a question that can be easily ignored .*I greeted him, but he ignored me.5.calm adj. 平静的,镇静的;风平浪静的vt. 使平静*After the storm, the sea was calm again.*Keep calm in time of danger.*Don t be nervous; calm yourself, please.calm down平静下来*I told him to calm down.6.concern vt. 关系到,和 有关;使关心*This matter concerns all of us.*I m not concerned with this matter again.be concerned about关心 ; 为 担心*Please don t be concerned about me.7.go through 经历,经受;审阅,检查*Most families went through a lot during the war.*I can t go through these letters in an hour.8. “ make her diary her best friend”“ call my friend Kitty”make 和 call 都能以名词作宾语补足语,即make+sb./sth.+n. 使某人 /某物成为 call+sb./sth.+n. 称某人 /某物为 *We must try to make our country a strong one.*All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.*We called messenger msn in short.*What do you call it?9.everything to do with naturesomething/anything/everything/nothing to do with与 有关 /无关*What he is doing has nothing to do with his work.10.far too much实在太多too much(+n.太多 (, 超过某人的能力far/much too+adj./adv.实在太 too much homeworkThe work is too much for a boy like him.Its (much/far too hot todaymuch/ far too much实在太多11.suffer vi. 受苦 , 受痛苦 , 受损失vt. 受到 , 遭受*He suffered terribly when his mother died.*He looked pale, and seemed to have suffered a lot/a great deal.*We suffered a set-back/no pain.suffer from遭受,患 (病 *I suffered much from lack of rest.suffer from cold/cancer12.recover vt. 恢复 vi. 痊愈*She recovered her health.*Amy is recovering from a severe illness.*He is unlikely to recover .13.get tired of对 开始感到厌烦 (表动作 be tired of对 感到厌烦 (表状态 14.get along with和 相处;进展*They get along quite well with each other.*How are you getting along with your classmates?*How are you getting along with your English?*I m getting along well with my study.15.exactly adv. 确切地;正是;说的对*You must tell me exactly what you re doing?*That s exactly what I want.*It looks exactly like an elephant s leg.*Exactly !(=That s right.16.grateful adj. 感激的*I m very grateful to you for your advice.=Thank you very much for your advice.17.joinA. 参加,加入 (成为其中的成员 *He joined the army/the Party 3 years ago.*He is too young to join the club.B.join sb.和某人一起(从事某活动*Will you join us for dinner?*I ll join you later.*May I join you in the game?C.join in参加某活动 (=take part in*A lot of newcomers joined in the discussion.*May I join in the game?Useful expressions another time别的时间go on holiday去度假cheat in the exam考试中作弊make a list of列出 be crazy about对 狂热 /痴迷remember well记得非常清楚draw the curtain拉上窗帘have trouble with sth.某事有困难have trouble in doing做某事有困难(in that way如果那样take one s advice接受某人的建议keep a diary记日记 1. “ Which country do you think has the most English learners.“ Why do you think people want to learn English?”注意此类句子的语序:特殊疑问词 +插入语 +陈述语序*What do you think has happened to him?对比 :What are you doing?What do you think you are doing?除 do you think外, do you suppose, do you believe, do you guess也可这样用 *Where do you suppose they have gone?2.because 和 because of*We were late because it rained.We were late because of the rain.*He no longer works here because he is old.He no longer works here because of his old age.用 because of改写句子:*He didn t go to school because he was ill.*He didn t come because his leg was broken*We had to stay at home because the weather was bad.*I realized that she was upset _what I had said.3.actually 实际上表示同类意思的还有:in fact, as a matter of fact, in reality4.be based on根据,以 为基础该词组来源于 base sth. on sth.把 建立在 基础上*Alice always bases her opinions on the facts.Alice s opinions are always based on the facts.be concerned about 来源于 concern oneself aboutbe tired of来源于 tired of 5.the English language英语此时要用定冠词 the对比:*He can speak English.He can speak the English language.*Chinese is difficult to learn.The Chinese language is difficult to learn.*I ve learned Japanese for five years.I ve learned the Japanese language for five years.6.vocabulary*English has a much larger vocabulary than French.*The child has a very large vocabulary for his age.*He has a vocabulary of about 5,000 English words.*Your vocabulary is too small; you should learn more words.7.the 1600s或 the 1600 s 十七世纪读作 the sixteen hundredsthe 1980 s/the 1980s二十世纪八十年代8.make use of利用我们必须好好利用时间。*We must make good use of our time.这本字典应该充分利用。*The dictionary should be made full use of.(Full use must be made of the dictionary.9.the latter(两个中后者the former , the latter 前者 , 后者 *John and James are brothers. The former is a teacher; the latter is an engineer.*Of the pig and the cow, the latter is more valuable.10.a number of和 the number of对比:*A number of students in our college are from the south.*The number of the students who are from the south is small.a number of后跟可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数; the number of后跟可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数。 11.hold on坚持;别挂断*Hold on; everything will be all right.*Hold on a minute!*If you hold on for a moment, I ll get him for you.12.play a part/role in起作用;扮演角色*She played an important part/role in winning the match.*What part/role did he play?*He played a leading part/role in the film.13.recognise vt. 认出,承认,认识到*Dogs recognize people by their smell.当我那天去机场接他时,他一开始没认出我。*When I met him at the airport the other day, he didn t recognize me at first.*The United States does not recognize the PLO.Useful expressionsofficial language 官方语言than ever before 比以往任何时候都更native English speaker 以英语为母语的人even if/though 即使,尽管over time 在一段时间里communicate with 和 交流 /交际time will tell 时间会说明一切English speaking country说英语的国家without a second thought不假思索leave for 离开去 on the phone 在电话里believe it or not 信不信由你ask directions=ask the way问路 1.preferA.prefer sth.*Which do you prefer?I prefer the blue one.B.prefer sth.A to sth.B*I prefer the town to the big city.C.prefer to do/ doing*I prefer being alone.*I prefer to take a walk after supper.D.prefer doing A to doing B*I prefer walking there to going by bus.E.prefer to do A rather than do B*I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.F.prefer sb. to do*I prefer you to stay at home.2.ever since=since(自从 prep. conj. & adv.*I haven t been back to my hometown (ever since childhood.*I haven t been back to my hometown (ever since I left 30 years ago.*I left my hometown 30 years ago and haven t been back there (ever since.*He returned home in 2001 and has stayed there (ever since.*He has stayed there (ever since 2001.*The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been3.persuadepersuade sb. to do sth说服某人做某事*Finally we persuaded him to come with us.*He persuaded me to buy the house and now I m glad he did.注意:如果说而不服则应该说:advise sb. to do或 try to persuade sb. to do*I advised(tried to persuade him to give up smoking but he wouldn t listen.4.graduate vi. 毕业 ; n. 毕业生 ; adj . 研究生的*He graduated from university last year.*He graduated in engineering last year.a college graduate大学毕业生a graduate student研究生5.It was my sister who这是个强调句。 强调句的句型:It is/was+被强调部分 +that分别对非强调句中划线部分强调*It was I that/who met him in the park yesterday.(强调人而且作主语时可用 who*It was him that I met in the park yesterday.*It was in the park that I met him yesterday.*It was yesterday that I met him in the park.2 一般疑问句的强调句只需把 “It is/was+被强调部分 +that” 改为 “ Is/Was it+被强调部分 +that” 即可。3 特殊疑问句的强调句*He didnt come It was because he was illthat he didnt come. Why was it that he didnt come?*Who was it that met him in the park yesterday?*When was it that you met him in the park?*Where was it that you met him yesterday?*Whom/Who was it that you met in the park yesterday?*How long was it that he stayed in London?4 特别注意 not until 如何变为强调句*He didnt go to bed It was not until we came back that he went to bed.5 强调句的特点:1 必须要有 it, be动词和 that, 缺一不可。2 被强调部分必须是代词 , 名词,时间副词和地点副词以及从句。3 如同非强调句可改为强调句一样,强调句也应能够还原成非强调句。6.where it begins在它(河开始的地方where 可作连词,引导地点状语从句,意为 “ 在 /到 的地方 ” . *This is where I was born.*The book is where you put it yesterday.*Take him where it s quiet.*I will meet you where we first met.*Bamboo grows best where it s warm and wet.7.be fond of*Which subject are you fond of?I m fond of geography.*She s fond of speaking English.对比:*-Which subject do you like?-I like geography.*She likes speaking English.8.way of doing sth做某事的方式 /方法也可说 way to do sth.9.insist vt.&vi.坚持要求,一定要A.insist on doing*He insisted on leaving right now.*I insist on knowing the truth.*I insist on you giving us reply.*I insisted upon her staying in London.*I insisted on being told the truth.*We insisted on him being sent to hospital at once.B.insist that从句中用 should+原形或只用原形 *We insisted (that he (should be sent to hospital at once.*I insist he go at once.*He insisted the plan be carried out as soon as possible.如果表示 “ 坚持认为,坚持说 ” ,则从句动词形式不受限制。 10.determined adj. 决心,坚定的*I m determined not to follow his advice.*They are determined to win the game.*She is a determined woman, who always gets what she wants.11.an altitude of 5,000 metres类似的说法:*China has a population of 1.3 billion.*China has an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.*The Mekong has a length of more than 4,000 km.*He was driving at a speed of 80 km an hour.12.once conj. 一旦*Once you make a promise, you should keep it.*Once you show fear, he will attack you.13.make up one s mind*He made up his mind to learn English well.*They made up their minds to cycle along the Mekong.=They decided to cycle along the Mekong.=They were determined to cycle along the Mekong.14.give in(to vi. (向 让步, (向 屈服*In the end I had to give in.*Don t give in to him.give up vt. 放弃*He gave up his job to look after his invalid mother.*I give up smoking ten years ago.15.through the valley, acrossthrough the door(window, wall, tunnel, forest, city, crowd, valley, street across the river(square, street, desert, lake, bridge, surface, room, hall 16.bend vt. 使弯曲 vi. 弯腰 , 拐弯 n. 拐弯处*He bent his head and hurried on.*What will happen if I bend the ruler?*He bent down and picked it up.*The river bends westward.*The river is full of bends.17.attitude to/toward(s对 的态度*What s WangWei s attitude to/towards the trip?18.change for 以 换 *change the house for a larger one *Change your dirty clothes for clean ones Useful expressions advantage and disadvantage 利和弊 a form of transport 交通方式 fill in 填写 grow up 成长，长大 know sb./sth. well 对很了解 make (up a dialogue 编对话 all day 整天 like clockwork 顺利地;有规律地 give up 放弃，停止 field trip 校外考察旅行 the weather forecast 天气预报 the river bank 河岸 medical training 医疗培训 blocks of ice 大冰块 Thats what we look like.我们看上去就这个样。 (be dressed in 穿着 the setting sun 落日 put up the tent 搭帐篷 for company 陪伴，作伴 cant wait to do sth 迫不及待要做某事 UNIT 4 1.think little/badly of 认为不好;对不在意 *I think little of that plan. *He thought badly of me before. think much/highly/well of 对评价很高 2.as if/as though 似乎，好像 A.以“it looks/seems as if+句子”的形式出现 *It looks as if its going to rain. *It seems as if well have to walk home. B.以“主语+look/seem/taste/smell/feel 等系动词+as if”的形式出现 *The milk tastes as if it has already gone bad. *He looked as if he were a stranger here. *She felt as if something bad would happen. C.以 as if 从句作状语的形式出现 *I love you as if you were my own child. *I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 2.one-third of the nation; two-thirds of them 全国三分之一的地方;他们中三分之二的人 英语中分数的构成，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子超过 1 时，分母用复数。 one third/a third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二 a fifth/one fifth 五分之一 three-fifths 五分之三 特殊分数的表示 one half/a half 二分之一 one fourth/a quarter 四分之一 three fourths/three quarters 四分之三 （参见教材 P.83） 3.however 然而，不过 可位于句首、句中或句末，但要加逗号。 *He said that it was so; he was wrong, however. *However, the medicine did not have much effect. *The medicine, however, did not have much effect. 4.last vi.持续 *The hot weather lasted for a whole week. *But their friendship didnt last long. 5.All hope was not lost.希望并没有全部失去。 all+not(无论 not 在句中什么位置均表示部分否定。 *Not all the students are here. =All the students are not here. 并不是所有的学生都在这里。 *I didnt understand all that he said. every, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, both+not 都表示部分否定。 *Both of them are not from America. =Not both of them are from America. *I can understand what he said, but not every word. *You can not find it everywhere. 若要表示全部否定，则要用 none, neither. *None of them are here.所有的人都不在。 *None of them is here.没有一个人在。 *Neither of them is from America. 6.the dead 死了的人 某些形容词和分词前面加 the，可表示一类 the blind 盲人; the old 老人 the sick 病人 the injured 受伤的人 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 7.to the north of the city 在城市以北 在 east/south/west/north 前可分别用介词 in/on/to,表示不同的位置关系，in 表示在某范围内；on 表示在范围外但又相邻；to 表示 范围以外且不相邻。 *China in the east of Asia. *Japan is to the east of China. *Russia is on the north of China. 8.refer to *refer to a dictionary/the reference book/ ones notes, etc. 查阅，参照 *When I said someone was lazy, I wasnt referring to you.指，提到 *Dont refer to the matter again. 9.frightened/frightening 某些及物动词的现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语和表语，但意义不同，现在分词(-ing表示“令人”,而过去分词(-ed则表示 “感到”, *a frightened boy 一个吓坏了的男孩 a frightening sound 令人害怕的声音 *excited students 激动的学生 exciting news 令人激动的消息 *surprised guests 感到意外的客人 a surprising result 令人意外的结果 *The nation was shocked at the news. The news was shocking. 10.congratulation n.祝贺 congratulate vt.祝贺 congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth 名词也一样：congratulation on 但名词常用复数 *We offered our congratulations to him on winning the prize. *I won the first prize. Congratulations! 11.have you speak to the park visitors have 在此作使役动词“使，让”解释，其后面的宾语和宾补是主动关系时，宾补用不带 to 的原形，即“have sb. do sth.”此时相当于 “make/let sb. do sth”. *Ill have/make my brother do the work. *Dont forget to have him come. 但 get sb. to do sth. useful expressions in the sky 在空中 think little of 认为不好