高中英语Module1SmallTalkSectionⅣGrammar&Writing课件外研版选修.ppt

Section Grammar&Writing语法语法 专项突破专项突破写作写作 能力提升能力提升didnt need to do 和和neednt have doneIn some countries，for example，you have to arrive on time at a party；in other countries，you dont need to.Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift，but in other places，you can take things，but you neednt if you dont want to.Did the immigration people ask to see your visa?No.I didnt need to get a visa.My American friend Tom spoke good Chinese，so I didnt need to translate the speech for him.I was the first to get there.I neednt have gone there so early.I offered to help him with the housework and then he told me he had finished.I neednt have done that.我的结论我的结论 1例例句句中中need用作用作 动词动词；例句；例句中中need用作用作 动词动词。2例句例句和例句和例句中中didnt need to do表示表示“过过去没必要，去没必要，”。3例句例句和例句和例句中中neednt have done表示表示“过过去去虽虽然没必要，然没必要，”。实义实义情态情态实际上也没做某事实际上也没做某事但实际上已经做了某事但实际上已经做了某事一、一、need的基本用法的基本用法 语境感悟语境感悟 Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing.马马克需要学克需要学习汉语习汉语，因，因为为他的公司要在北京开一个分公司。他的公司要在北京开一个分公司。The doctor said he needed an operation.医生医生说说他需要手他需要手术术。A dog needs taking out/to be taken out for a walk every day.狗得每天狗得每天带带出去溜。出去溜。You neednt finish that work today.你今天不必把那你今天不必把那项项工作做完。工作做完。Need he come here?Yes，he must/has to./has to./No，he neednt.“他有必要来他有必要来吗吗？”“是的，他必是的，他必须须来。来。”/“不，他不必来。不，他不必来。”知识归纳知识归纳 need用用作作实实义义动动词词，后后面面可可接接名名词词、代代词词、不不定定式式和和动动名名词词，有有人人称称和和数数的的变变化。化。当当主主语语是是表表示示“物物”的的名名词词时时，用用作作实实义义动动词词的的need后后接接动动名名词词的的主主动动形形式式表表示被示被动动含含义义。need doingneed to be done用作情用作情态动词态动词，后接，后接动词动词原形，常用于否定句和疑原形，常用于否定句和疑问问句中。句中。即时演练即时演练11单句语法填空单句语法填空The room needs (clean)，but I have time only on Sunday.They didnt need (arrive)so early.Dr.Smith said that he (need)no payment for his journey.cleaning/to be cleanedto arrive needed 二、二、didnt need to do和和neednt have done 语境感悟语境感悟 Marys boyfriend drove to pick her up，so she didnt need to take a taxi.玛丽玛丽的男朋友开的男朋友开车车去接她，因此她没必要打出租了。去接她，因此她没必要打出租了。It was Sunday，so I didnt need to get up early.因因为为是星期天，所以我没必要早起。是星期天，所以我没必要早起。You neednt have told him the news.He had already known it.你没必要告你没必要告诉诉他那个消息，他早已知道了。他那个消息，他早已知道了。You neednt have worked that late last night.It was harmful to your health.你昨晚本来不必工作到那么晚的。那你昨晚本来不必工作到那么晚的。那对对你的健康有害。你的健康有害。知识归纳知识归纳 didnt need to do 表表示示过过去去没没必必要要做做某某事事，实实际际上上也也没没做做。neednt have done表表示示过过去没必要做某事，而去没必要做某事，而实际实际上做了。上做了。即时演练即时演练22完成句子完成句子They ，so they went home in advance.他他们们不需要自己去做，所以他不需要自己去做，所以他们们提前回家了。提前回家了。We .There is still an hour left.我我们们本没必要那么匆忙，本没必要那么匆忙，还还有一个小有一个小时时的的时间时间。We ；it was within walking distance.我我们们不需要打出租不需要打出租车车，步行就可以到达。，步行就可以到达。didnt need to do it themselvesneednt have so hurrieddidnt need to take a taxi三、情态动词三、情态动词have done的几种形式及其意义的几种形式及其意义 语境感悟语境感悟 It must have rained last night，for the ground is still wet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因昨晚肯定下雨了，因为为地面地面还还是湿的。是湿的。(对过对过去的肯定推去的肯定推测测)I cant find my purse now.I might have left it in the taxi.我我的的钱钱包包现现在在找找不不到到了了。我我可可能能把把它它忘忘在在出出租租车车里里了了。(对对过过去去的的推推测测，也也许许/或或许许做了某事做了某事)You couldnt have known about him ten years ago，when he was still unknown.十年前你不可能了解他，那十年前你不可能了解他，那时时他他还还不出名。不出名。(对过对过去的推去的推测测，不可能做，不可能做过过某事某事)You could have used my car yesterday.I didnt use it.你昨天本可以用我的汽你昨天本可以用我的汽车车。那。那时时我用不着它。我用不着它。(过过去本来能做某事，但没有做去本来能做某事，但没有做)Oh，Mom！You neednt have prepared so much food.Dad and Diana will not come back for supper.哦哦，妈妈妈妈！你你本本不不必必做做这这么么多多饭饭。爸爸爸爸和和黛黛安安娜娜不不回回来来吃吃晚晚饭饭了了。(过过去去不不必必做做但但做做了某事了某事)知识归纳知识归纳 情情态态动动词词have done有有两两层层含含义义：一一是是表表示示对对过过去去的的推推测测。must have done表表示示过过去去肯肯定定做做过过某某事事；might have done表表示示过过去去或或许许做做过过某某事事；cant/couldnt have done表表示示过过去去不不可可能能做做过过某某事事。二二是是与与过过去去事事实实相相反反的的虚虚拟拟语语气气。should have done表表示示应应该该做做而而没没做做；could have done表表示示本本来来能能做做但但没没有有做做；neednt have done表示没有必要做而做了某事。表示没有必要做而做了某事。即时演练即时演练33完成句子完成句子Need I come tomorrow?Yes,./No,.我明天需要来我明天需要来吗吗？是的，你必是的，你必须须来。来。/不，你没必要来。不，你没必要来。You if you are busy.如果忙，你就不必来了。如果忙，你就不必来了。I wonder if with me.我想知道是否需要我想知道是否需要带带相机。相机。you mustyou needntneednt comeI need bring a camera.单句语法填空单句语法填空1I neednt (worry)before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.2John went to the station with the car to meet Mary，so she neednt (walk)back home.3I (not need)to get up early this morning，so I stayed in bed until 9 am.4You neednt (go)there yesterday.5Your clothes need (wash)have worriedhave walkeddidnt needhave gonewashing/to be washed.完成句子完成句子1He the work today，because it is not urgent.他没有必要今天就完成他没有必要今天就完成这项这项工作，因工作，因为为它不着急的。它不着急的。2It at the door.Its only six oclock.门门口不可能是口不可能是邮递员邮递员，(现现在在)才六点才六点钟钟。3What sort of house do you want to have？Something big?Well，it thats not important.“你想要什么你想要什么样样的房子？大的的房子？大的吗吗？”“哦，它没必要大哦，它没必要大那不重要。那不重要。”doesnt need to finishcant be the postmanneednt be big4He is not poor.You .他不他不穷穷，你本不必借，你本不必借给给他他钱钱。5There was plenty of time.You .时间时间充裕着呢，你不必匆忙。充裕着呢，你不必匆忙。neednt have lent him the moneyneednt have hurried.语法填空语法填空 Last week，in an unusual way，a stranger treated me with generosity.At an Asian grocery store on a busy evening，I was shopping for the items I needed 1.my voluntary work of cooking breakfast on Saturday at a shelter for the homeless in San Jose.I went to the store 2.(buy)tofu and vegetables.As I 3.(wait)in line to finish the purchase，the lady next to me 4.(approach)me to find out how I was going to consume the big box of tofu I was buying.Enthusiastically，I replied that I was buying food to cook breakfast for homeless people.While I was getting ready to pay the bill，to my 5.(amaze)，she offered to pay for everything.Despite multiple requests for 6.(she)name，she responded that she felt good because I was doing the kind of community work which her parents once received help from as they came to this country as 7.(refugee)Hence she wanted to take 8.opportunity to show her gratitude.It was the 9.(good)reward I had ever received for my voluntary work，10.began three years ago.In a strange way we are all connected and we feel for each other.Thats what I call being a“human”语语篇篇解解读读 本本文文讲讲述述的的是是一一个个助助人人为为乐乐的的故故事事。作作者者去去为为无无家家可可归归者者买买豆豆腐腐和和蔬蔬菜菜，没没想想到到听听到到这这件件事事的的另另外外一一个个顾顾客客却却为为作作者者付付了了款款，因因为为她她的的父父母母也也曾曾经得到过别人的帮助。经得到过别人的帮助。1for考考查查介介词词。由由语语境境可可知知，此此处处应应用用for表表示示目目的的。此此处处意意为为“我我在在购购买买我我做志愿者工作所需的物品做志愿者工作所需的物品”。2to buy考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。此此处处为为不不定定式式作作目目的的状状语语。句句意意：我我去去商商店店买买豆豆腐腐和蔬菜。和蔬菜。3was waiting考考查查时时态态。由由语语境境可可知知，此此处处描描述述的的是是当当时时正正在在发发生生的的事事，故故用过去进行时。用过去进行时。4approached考考查查时时态态。分分析析句句子子可可知知，approach此此处处作作谓谓语语，因因全全文文的的主主体时态为一般过去时，故填体时态为一般过去时，故填approached。5amazement考考查查词词性性转转换换。此此处处是是“to ones名名词词”结结构构，故故空空格格处处应应用用amaze的名词形式，的名词形式，to my amazement“使我大为惊奇的是使我大为惊奇的是”。6her考查代词。此处需要填限定词，故用形容词性物主代词考查代词。此处需要填限定词，故用形容词性物主代词her。7refugees考考查查名名词词。refugee为为名名词词，意意为为“难难民民”。此此处处需需填填其其复复数数形形式式refugees。8the考考查查定定冠冠词词。由由语语境境可可知知，此此处处特特指指当当前前这这个个付付款款的的机机会会，因因此此用用定定冠冠词。词。9best考考查查形形容容词词最最高高级级。由由后后面面表表示示范范围围的的定定语语从从句句“I had ever received for my voluntary work”可知此处应用最高级形式。可知此处应用最高级形式。10which考考查查关关系系代代词词。此此处处which指指代代my voluntary work，并并在在非非限限制制性性定定语从句中作主语。语从句中作主语。写提供建议的电子邮件写提供建议的电子邮件写写电电子子邮邮件件应应注意以下几点：注意以下几点：1电子邮件的格式电子邮件的格式英文的英文的email大体包括五部分：大体包括五部分：标题栏标题栏(包括包括发发件人的姓名、地址，件人的姓名、地址，发发件件日期，收件人姓名、地址及日期，收件人姓名、地址及邮邮件主件主题题)、称呼、正文、信尾客套、称呼、正文、信尾客套话话及及签签名。名。2提供建议的电子邮件的写作步骤提供建议的电子邮件的写作步骤在在正正文文部部分分，首首先先写写“Very nice to hear from you.”或或类类似似的的话话语语，然然后后提提出出具具体体实实用用的的建建议议，最最后后写写“I hope this information will be useful.”或或者者“Looking forward to hearing from you again soon.”等。等。3写电子邮件需注意的问题写电子邮件需注意的问题电电子子邮邮件要写得件要写得简简明扼要，具有合理性和明扼要，具有合理性和说说服力。同服力。同时时注意注意说话说话的的语语气要委婉。气要委婉。4串句成篇，连贯通顺串句成篇，连贯通顺正正确确地地选选用用关关联联词词，如如however，whats more，and，but，first，then，after等等，使文章使文章过过渡自然，和渡自然，和谐统谐统一，增一，增强强文章的文章的连贯连贯性、流性、流畅畅性和可性和可读读性。性。常用句式常用句式 1开头部分开头部分How nice to hear from you again.Let me tell you something about the activity.Im glad to have received your letter of Apr.9th.Im pleased to hear that youre coming to China for a visit.Im writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.2表示建议的句型表示建议的句型It is unnecessary for you to do.In my opinion，it would be better.It should be a good idea to.You will benefit from.As far as I am concerned，youd better.Id like to suggest you that.Whats more，it will be helpful to you that.If I were you，I would.Youd better take some measures to do.Its suggested that.What I want to stress is that.3结尾部分结尾部分With best wishes.Im looking forward to your reply.Id appreciate it if you could reply earlier.假假如如你你是是Mary，你你的的朋朋友友Simon给给你你发发来来邮邮件件向向你你征征求求学学习习英英语语的的方方法法。请请你你就就下面的内容下面的内容给给他回复，并他回复，并谈谈谈谈自己的想法或建自己的想法或建议议。1朗朗读读背背诵诵，帮你，帮你记忆记忆，并养成用英，并养成用英语语思思维维的的习惯习惯；2多听，多交多听，多交际际，可以提高听，可以提高听说说能力；能力；3(自己的想法或建自己的想法或建议议)注意：注意：1词词数数100左右；左右；2可以适当增加可以适当增加细节细节，以使行文，以使行文连贯连贯。词句推敲词句推敲.词词汇汇1记记住住2养成养成习惯习惯3与某人交流与某人交流4写日写日记记5除此之外；另外除此之外；另外6期待，盼望期待，盼望7回信回信learn sth.by heart/keep sth.in mindform a habit municate with sb.keep a diaryin additionlook forward toreply.句式句式()句型句型转换转换1首先你要首先你要时时常朗常朗读读英英语语，尽量，尽量记记住一些重点知住一些重点知识识。First of all，you should often read English aloud and try to learn something important by heart.To begin with，you should make it a rule to read English aloud often and .try your best to keep something important in mind2用用这这种方法你就能改种方法你就能改进进你的听你的听说说能力。能力。In this way，you will improve both your listening ability and your spoken English as well.Only in this way .will you get improved not only in your listening abilitybut also in your spoken English()按要求完成句子按要求完成句子3另外，你另外，你应该应该多听，多与其他人用英多听，多与其他人用英语语交流。交流。(用用and连连接并列句完成句子接并列句完成句子)Besides，you should listen a lot .4另外，你另外，你应该应该每天用英每天用英语语写日写日记记，这样这样你的写作会你的写作会变变得越来越好。得越来越好。Whats more，you should keep a diary in English every day and your written English will become better and better.(用定用定语语从句合并句子从句合并句子)and communicate with others in EnglishWhats more，you should keep a diary in English every day，whichwill help your written English.参考范文参考范文 Dear Simon，I have received your letter asking me for advice about learning English.Now Id like to tell you how you should learn English.First of all，you should often read English aloud and try to learn something important by heart，which helps you to remember them easily and form a good habit of thinking in English.Besides，you should listen a lot and communicate with others in English.In this way，you will improve both your listening ability and your spoken English.Whats more，you should keep a diary in English every day and your written English will become better and better.I hope what Ive said is useful to you.Im looking forward to your good news.Best wishes.Mary谢谢观赏勤能补拙，学有成就！2024/4/7 周日42