高中英语阅读8种方法巧猜词义.docx

1. 类属法

即通过类属来推测词义。如：

· Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.

说明：从句意我们知道pineapples和coconuts与bananas, oranges是同类事物，同属水果(准确地说是"菠萝"和"椰子")。

2. 推理法

即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。如：

· That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.

说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense 的意思应该是"很大"了。

· Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.
说明：既然"她在选美比赛中获胜"，说明她"很美丽"(gorgeous)。

3. 列举法

即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。如：

· Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.

说明：像 dogs 和 monkeys 之类的"creatures"，显然creatures的意思应是"动物"。

· In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, NewsWeek, or The New Worker.
说明：periodical是生词，但根据其后所列举的例子，我们可以推测出它的意思可能是"期刊"或"杂志"。

4. 构词法

即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。如：

· Overwork may cause diseases.

说明：前缀over-的意思是"过分的，过量的"，故 overwork的意思应为"工作过度"。

· There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
说明：satisfied的意思是"满意的"，前缀 dis-的意思是"不"，故dissatisfied的意思应该是"不满意的"。

5. 对比法

即根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义。如：

· He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated.
说明：句中的 but 表明deteriorate 应该与get better 的意思相反，即"恶化"。

· In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.
说明：上文说两个经济上的极端，那么下文中penury 应与great wealth 相对，即表示"贫困"。

· Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.
说明：while 表对比，意为"而"，所以loquacious 应是silent 的反义，即"多嘴的"。

· If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent.
说明：既然画圈表示同意，那么画叉便是"不同意"(dissent)。

6. 同位法

同位语是对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释，若对所修饰的词语不熟悉，可通过其后同位语的"说明或解释"来确定其词义。如：

· His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language.
说明：同位语the study of the sounds of language表示phonetics的意思应该是"语音学"。

· Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine(脊骨).
说明：同位语 a birth illness that damages the spine表明了spina bifida是一种病，一种对脊骨有损害的病。

7. 释义法

即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。如：

· They described him as a loon, or a mad man.
说明：句中的or是对loon的解释，即loon与a mad man同义，即表示"疯子"。

· lt will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.
说明：句中的that is表明it will break easily是对brittle的解释，从而猜测出其意为"脆"。

· The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year.
说明：定语从句 who looks after sheep表明herdsman的词义为"牧人"。

· There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry and feathery?
说明：定语从句 that issomewhat dry and feathery(有点儿干、像羽毛似的)表明 fluffysnow 的意思可能是"鹅毛大雪"。

8. 常识法

即根据普通常识推测生词的词义。如：

· It's said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.
说明：根据常识，Bill Gates为世界首富，所以affluent可能是"富有的"。
· As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.
说明：根据常识，Edison为发明大王，他应因"发明"而闻名于世。