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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,第1页,Unit 19,A Variety of Splendid Folk Arts,第2页,Lead-in,Text study,Exercises,Content,第3页,Lead-in,Do you know which kind of folk arts the following pictures refers to?,Papercut.,第4页,Introduction,Cloisonn,(,景泰蓝,),:Artifacts with the Gleam of Precious Gems,New Year Picture,(,年画,),:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,Papercuts:A World Created with Scissors,Text study,Embroidery,(,刺绣,),:Ten Finger Like a Spring Breeze,Shadow Play,(,皮影,),:the Art of Light and Shadow,第5页,Introduction,Folk arts in China have developed dynamically,with many forms enjoying a worldwide reputation.Here we present an introduction to a select few.,第6页,Cloisonn is a traditional art widely known in and outside China.It is a kind of superb local expertise from Beijing,which combines the skills of bronze art,porcelain,carving,and other types of folk arts.It is deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors,as well as providing refined ornaments for daily use.,景泰蓝,故宫珍品,Cloisonn a piece of treasure in Forbidden City,Cloisonn:Artifacts with the Gleam of Precious Gems,第7页,The making of cloisonn first appeared during the Jingtai reign(1450-1457)of the Ming Dynasty,with the main color used being blue,hence the name Jingtai blue or cloisonn as it became known later on.,By the time of the Chenghua reign(1465-1487),the techniques for making cloisonn were further developed,with products of this period looking heavy and dignified yet not lacking in eloquence or vividness.,Cloisonn:Artifacts with the Gleam of Precious Gems,第8页,Its cast was always made of choice copper,decorated with enamel,(,珐琅,),and colorful glaze naturally extracted from minerals,so that it would resemble precious gems.,The Ming cloisonn artifacts extant today were mostly produced during the Jingtai and Chenghua reigns.,Cloisonn:Artifacts with the Gleam of Precious Gems,第9页,Its mouth,belly and base are welded together instead of being originally one piece.Its surface is first inlaid with copper wires,before the colorful glaze is applied.The nine peaches and bats have the symbolic meaning of happiness,longevity and peace.,寿意瓶,Cloisonn vase with a peach-and-bat design,Cloisonn:Artifacts with the Gleam of Precious Gems,第10页,Guess how many working procedures a Cloisonn production involves?,Cloisonn:Artifacts with the Gleam of Precious Gems,Cloisonn production involves very complicated techniques,with more than 30 working procedures.,第11页,the making of the copper cast:,filigree,(,掐丝,),;,stippling,(,点刻,),blue;,Heating;,Burnishing;,Gliding.,Cloisonn:Artifacts with the Gleam of Precious Gems,Six steps of cloisonn production:,第12页,Cloisonn:Artifacts with the Gleam of Precious Gems,Cloisonn was further developed during the Qing Dynasty.Technically,while it overcame the weakness of the porosity of the Ming products,but artistically,it lacked the formers simplicity and dignified heaviness.,After the Qing Dynasty,due to overproduction and the uneven skills of craftspeople,the quality of cloisonn could hardly match that of Ming cloisonn products.,第13页,Spring Festival(or Chinese New Year)is the most important traditional festival in China.People celebrate it with lanterns and streamers,no matter where they live,in the countryside or in the city.New Year pictures are an indispensable part of this celebration for each and every household.People put up New Year pictures in their homes to enhance the lively festive atmosphere.,New Year Pictures:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,第14页,Most New Year pictures feature designs symbolizing good fortune,auspiciousness,(,吉利,),and activities.,New Year Pictures:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,第15页,China is a country of vast territory,so the styles of New Year pictures vary from north to south.The northern New Year pictures are best represented by those produced in Yangliuqing in Tianjin Municipality,while in the south there are those from Taohuawu in Suzhou City,Jiangsu Province.,New Year Pictures:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,第16页,Yangliuqing is a small town located in the southwestern outskirts of Tianjin.About 300 years ago,its New Year pictures began to enjoy great fame,with every family adept at creating this particular genre of painting.Yangliuqing New Year pictures adopt the method of xylograph,(,版画印画法,),overprinting combined with hand-painted color.hence establishing its distinctive feature of half printing,half painting.,New Year Pictures:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,第17页,The process of making New Year pictures:,1)carve designs out of wood;,2)print the pictures;,3)color the pictures;,4)mount,(,裱贴,),the pictures.,All pictures are handmade paintings rather than mass-produced products,and all evoke traces of the woodcut and the feel of brushwork.With exquisite craftsmanship,Yangliuqing New Year pictures are very popular with Chinese people.,New Year Pictures:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,第18页,The lively festive atmosphere is best reflected in the Yangliuqing New Year pictures.Fresh and effervescent,each picture reproduces an interesting scene from everyday life.,New Year Pictures:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,杨柳青年画,母子图,Yangliuqing New Year Picture,Mother and Son,第19页,杨柳青年画,Yangliuqing New Year Picture,New Year Pictures:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,第20页,Taohuawu New Year pictures,produced using traditional techniques of watercolor block printing,are characteristic of the delicate and gentle style in areas south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.,Thematically,the pictures draw much from the paintings of literati as well as folk stories;while artistically,most are scholarly and refined,unlike the heavy and resplendent style of the Yangliuqing pictures.,New Year Pictures:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,第21页,Taohuawu New Year pictures once spread to Japan and exerted a certain influence on Japanese ukiyoel paintings,(,浮世绘,),or paintings from the floating world.About 300 years ago,Taohuawu New Year pictures began learning from the style of Westem bronze carvings,as well as the use of shadow.Celebrated for its pure and attractive images of women,Taohuawu New Year pictures enjoy great popularity among the Chinese people.,New Year Pictures:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,第22页,桃花坞年画,Taohuawu New Year Picture,New Year Pictures:Enhancing the Festive Atmosphere,第23页,The papercut is a special folk art in China,with a history of nearly l,000 years.The materials used are simple:ordinary paper and a pair of scissors(or a cutting knife).A skilled paper-cutting craftsperson cuts paper into designs like doing magic tricks.,Papercutting is a type of improvised,(,即兴创作,),art with powerful expression.,传统剪纸,A folk papercut,Papercuts:A World Created with Scissors,第24页,In the city of Xian,Shaanxi Province,people once used paper instead of glass as window-covering.,As white paper was monotonous and considered inauspicious,clever and deft,(,灵巧,),young women started to cut pieces of red paper into joyous baby images or beautiful butterflies,which they put on the windows to add liveliness to ordinary windows.,Papercuts:A World Created with Scissors,第25页,In ancient China,people enjoyed the tradition of making and hanging lanterns for festivals and joyous occasions.The shapes of lanterns varied,from red lanterns hung in midair,running-horse lanterns,lotus lanterns on the surface of water,and lion lanterns loved by children.People sometimes drew pictures on the lanterns but more often would prefer to paste papercuts of different patterns,which,set off by the lantern light,became even more vivid and interesting.,Papercuts:A World Created with Scissors,第26页,Embroidery:Ten Fingers Like a Spring Breeze,China is home to silk and to a variety of arts related to silk,one of which is embroidery.Most embroiderers are women,hence the byname for embroidery of,womens needlework.With a long history of several thousand years,embroidery has been a love of the Chinese people.It is applied to adorn clothes,quilts and pillowcases,or a piece of embroidery work can be an ornament in itself.,绣片,柳眉翠鸟,第27页,As early as in the Song Dynasty,China officially established the Satin Academy,(,锦院,),and the Embroidery Academy,(,绣院,),where a great number of weaving and embroidery professionals gathered together to promote the standards of silk weaving and embroidery.,Embroidery:Ten Fingers Like a Spring Breeze,第28页,Embroidery:Ten Fingers Like a Spring Breeze,“Song-dynasty embroidery boasts fine close stitches,done with one or two types of silk thread and hair-thin needles.Colors are deftly and intriguingly applied,making the whole piece splendid to look at.The embroidered mountains,rivers,pagodas,figures,birds,and flowers are all vividly brought out.”“The ten fingers must be like the spring breeze,producing such vivid pictures!”,Dong Qichang,a famous Ming-dynasty painter,第29页,Embroidery:Ten Fingers Like a Spring Breeze,China has four most famous types of embroidery-respectively from Suzhou,Guangdong,Hunan,and Sichuan-each with its own style and different themes.,Historically,Suzhou embroidery was famous for its cats,Hunan embroidery for its tigers,Guangdong embroidery for its birds(the most famous being,One Hundred Birds Worship the Phoenix,(,百鸟朝凤,),),and Sichuan embroidery for its landscapes and human figures.,第30页,Embroidery:Ten Fingers Like a Spring Breeze,苏绣,猫,Suzhou embroidery cat,第31页,Embroidery:Ten Fingers Like a Spring Breeze,湘绣,虎,Hunan embroidery tiger,第32页,Embroidery:Ten Fingers Like a Spring Breeze,粤绣,Guangdong embroidery,第33页,Embroidery:Ten Fingers Like a Spring Breeze,蜀绣,Sichuan embroidery,第34页,Embroidery:Ten Fingers Like a Spring Breeze,苏绣,意大利皇后爱丽娜像,Suzhou embroidery,Portrait of an Italian Queen,Suzhou embroidery is produced mainly in the Suzhou area,in addition to Yangzhou,Wuxi and Changzhou.Suzhou is abundant in silk,and people here and in the surrounding areas are known for their meticulous work style.For these two reasons,embroidery has developed quickly,with Suzhou embroidery gaining the reputation of using needles to draw pictures with superb craft surpassing nature.,第35页,Shadow Play:the Art of Light and Shadow,In the latter half of the 18th century,a form of drama arose in France called“French Light and Shadow”,which caused a great sensation when it was staged in Paris and Marseilles.,This was an artistic form created on the basis of the Chinese shadow play,introduced into France by missionaries.,Interestingly,for the China-France Year of Culture,Chinese artists introduced to France a new shadow play-The Dance of Shadows,(,影之舞,).,It would be apt to say that the art of shadow play has been a witness and bridge to cultural exchange between the two countries.,第36页,Shadow Play:the Art of Light and Shadow,皮影 牛郎织女,Shadow play:The Cow Boy and the Weaving Girl,第37页,Shadow Play:the Art of Light and Shadow,The shadow play is an indigenous form of drama in China.In the 13th century it was introduced into West Asia,and by the 18th century it had spread to other parts of the world.,Famed German poet Goethe(1749-1832)praised it,and the great 20th-century artist Charlie Chaplin(1889-1977)was inspired by it when he made his legendary silent films.,第38页,Shadow Play:the Art of Light and Shadow,The shadow play is in fact the worlds earliest“movie art”with the accompaniment of human voice.It first appeared more than 2,000 years ago,and by the Song Dynasty this art had become highly developed with its main artistic form already established.,第39页,Shadow Play:the Art of Light and Shadow,The making of shadow-play puppets,(,术偶,),requires choice materials and skills.,First,donkey hide,(,驴皮,),has to be found to make the heads,limbs and torsos of the human figures,which are then painted and connected into full puppets using thread and links.,During the performance,light shines on the human figures,whose silhouettes,(,轮廓,),are reflected on a screen.Through their movements,they vividly act out stories,creating a world of imagination mixed with reality,which delights both the eyes and hearts of the audience.,第40页,Shadow Play:the Art of Light and Shadow,The appeal of shadow play lies not only in its puppet-making but more in its performance.Several performers stand behind a white screen,operating puppets of different appearances,while relating the story or singing to the accompaniment of percussions,(,打击乐器,),or stringed musical instruments.,第41页,Shadow Play:the Art of Light and Shadow,Shadow plays from Huaxian County of Shaanxi Province are the best known,with local people even giving it another descriptive name as a“Five-person Event”,(,五人忙,),.because five performers are involved in each performance.,第42页,Shadow Play:the Art of Light and Shadow,The,qiansheng,is responsible for singing the different roles of a play;,the,qianshou,operates the movements of the puppets;,the,zuocao,is responsible for beating the gongs,(,锣,),bowls and percussions;,the,shangdang,for playing the two-stringed fiddle and trumpet,(,喇叭,),;,and the,xiadang,for playing the,banhu,fiddle and trombone,(,长号,),as well as assisting the,qianshou,.,第43页,Shadow Play:the Art of Light and Shadow,How good a shadow play is depends on the singing and the handling of the puppets.It is no simple matter at all to operate the puppets using five bamboo sticks.It needs deft fingers on the performers part,and a good puppeteer can dazzle the audience with the intriguing movements of the puppets.,第44页,Exercises,Comprehension,Communication,Application,第45页,Comprehension,I.Skimming and Scanning,Go through the passage quickly and fill in the following table.,Chinese Folk Arts,Names,History,Typical Producing Areas,Uses or Importance,Example(s),Techniques,Cloisonn,New Year,Picture,Papercuts,Embroidery,Shadow Play,第46页,Comprehension,Names,History,Typical Producing Areas,Uses or Importance,Example(s),Techniques,Cloisonn,from the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty,Beijing,valuable collection,ornaments for daily use,a Qing-dynasty cloisonn vase with a peach-and-bat design,bronze art,porcelain,carving,and other types of folk arts,Keys:,To be continued,第47页,Comprehension,Names,History,Typical Producing Areas,Uses or Importance,Example(s),Techniques,New Year,Picture,not mentioned,Yangliuqing in the southwestern outskirts of Tianjin;Taohuawu in Suzhou City,Jiangsu Province,an indispensable part of New Year celebration for each and every household,Surplus in Successive Year;,Mother and Son,Yangliuqing style:xylograph overprinting combined with hand-painted color;Taohuawu style:traditional techniques of watercolor block printing,To be continued,第48页,Comprehension,Names,History,Typical Producing Areas,Uses or Importance,Example(s),Techniques,Papercuts,A history of nearly 1000 years,Xian,put on the windows or pasted on lanterns,joyous baby images or beautiful butterflies,a piece of red paper is folded and then cut several times,To be continue
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