走出高校思政课堂吸引力问题误区.doc

　　党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央高度重视思想政治理论课建设。但目前社会对高校思想政治课的教学现状及效果的认识存在普遍误区，关于高校思想政治理论课堂吸引力问题，要想取得卓有成效的教学效果，就必须正确的把握教学现状以及认识误区，在此基础上有针对性的提出相应对策，才能真正推动高校思政课的改革进程。

　　一、当前思政课的基本教学情况

　　目前高校思想政治理论课存在以下四种基本情况。第一，课堂“三低现象”（到课率低、抬头率低、点头率低）较为明显，大学生对思政课的课堂纪律重视不足。上思政课做其他课程作业和旷课理由多种多样。第二，大多数学生对高校思政课的设置、意义以及与自身实际的联系缺乏正确认识，对学习课程的必要性和重要性认识不清，产生刻板抵触情绪。第三，大部分学生对思政课的态度不如对专业课那样认真、对思政老师也缺乏相应的尊重。第四，近些年同学课堂的参与度在逐渐提高。目前各高校都在对思政课进行改革，在课堂教学方式和手段的不断创新下，大部分同学都以多种方式参与思政课堂，例如展示、辩论、案例分析等等。多样化的方式和手段对于大学生对思政课的兴趣课的提升有一定积极影响。

　　二、思政课存在的普遍误区及困境

　　（一）“课堂三低”现象并非是思政课特有现象

　　当前提到“课堂三低”现象，很多人第一反应就是“思政课”，这种潜在的意识联系存在一定偏差。当前网络媒体盛行，大学生中“低头族”所占比例越来越大。“三低现象”是大学课堂存在的普遍问题，并非某一学科特有案例。“大学思政课的课堂三低现象尤为严重”这种观念的产生恰恰来源于我们潜在的对思政课的重视。思政课是所有大学生的必修课，受众群体庞大必然会引起更多注视和重视。在受众量大和对思政课长期以来产生的刻板效应双重因素促进下，让人们提到课堂三低就会想到思政课堂。

　　（二）明确提高大学生思政课吸引力的目的

　　兴趣是个体以特定的事物、活动及人为对象，所产生的积极的和带有倾向性、选择性的态度和情绪。学界并未对衡量大学生对思政课吸引力高低制定一个明确量化标准。“大学生思政课兴趣较低”的结论通常是经验主义以学生的抬头率、到课率和互动率来衡量。当前，“创新思政课”这类似口号在全国高校盛行。河北某高校规定上课前收纳所有同学的手机，下课后归还。课堂抬头率、互动率都得到较大提升。但这一良好现象的出现能否得出该校大学生对思政课兴趣提高的结论还有待考量。

　　（三）思政课存在的困境

　　1.教师数量少，学生人数多。全国高校几乎都存在思政教师数量少，学生人数多的问题。上课形式通常以大班教学开展，几百人的大课堂并不利于老师对学生的管理，也不利于提高学生听课效率。以武汉大学为例，思政课老师队伍较为缺乏，一般专业课老师一年课时量在一百多个学时左右，而很多思政课老师一年的课程量大约为五百多个课时。经常有思政课老师一天上九个课时，在这样的情况下，思政课老师未得到学生相应的反馈和必要的尊重，在高校教师群体中地位和收入也都不高，容易导致老师产生倦怠情绪。

　　2.思政课的专业性和学生所追求的娱乐性的矛盾。当前思政课似乎是枯燥乏味的代名词。然而，思政课的本质决定了其属性的严谨性和理论性。我们可以提倡老师多结合实际生活，尽量采用多样化的教学手段来丰富课程内容，创造课程亮点。但不能过分推崇课程的娱乐性，讲到有趣的地方，同学就抬头，讲理论就低头。我们在寻找老师的原因时也应关注和改变大学生娱乐至死的倾向性，并加以正确的引导让其浮躁的心态在学习中沉浸，不应让学习过度娱乐化。

　　三、建议与措施

　　（一）重视培养和扩大高校思政教师队伍

　　一方面，我们要重视思政课老师的培养和扩充，采用多种方式扩宽思政教师的竞聘渠道，扩大思政教师队伍，解决当前受众多授课者少的矛盾。另一方面，需要提高现有高校思政者素质和个人魅力。在课堂上老师应合理的利用ppt、小视频、音频等等形式，丰富课堂内容，但也不应利用过度。其次，当代大学生对时事政治相对较为关注，老师应在课堂上多结合时事热点，进行分解和剖析，提出自己的观点。而非一直照本宣科或教学材料过度久远。

　　（二）调整课程方式，因材施教

　　课程教学应满足不同专业的学生需求，结合学生专业举出相应案例。布置作业或者课堂展示时，也应尽贴近学生专业。如对艺术类学生，可让他们发挥专业优势创新思想政治教育的传播形式，制作相关海报、宣传社会主义核心价值观的图画等。让同学感受到思政是无时不在、无处不在，渗透在生活、学习的方方面面的，而非“思政无用、与我无关”。

　　（三）增强大学生思政课成就感

　　成就感的高低会直接影响个体的兴趣，想要将学生对时事政治的关注度转移到思政课堂，提高学生的课堂参与度，多元的参与方式以及结合专业突出自身优势的表现形式让同学们在参与中找到成就感和自身价值是一条必经之路。其次，应严格上课纪律，培养学生养成良好的学习习惯，防止学生从心里上对课程产生倦怠感。在到课率无法保证的情况下，再精彩的讲课也是没有价值的。最后，思政教师上课的内容应与考试内容相吻合。防止学生产生上课内容和考试关联不大，只需考前去突击就能取得高分的错误观念。

Since the eighteen party, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the general secretary attaches great importance to the construction of Ideological and political theory course. But the society of Ideological and political education in Colleges and universities teaching status and effect understanding universal existence erroneous zone, about College Ideological and political theory class attraction problem, to achieve effective teaching effect, we must correctly grasp the teaching present situation and the misunderstanding, on this basis is to put forward corresponding countermeasures, in order to truly promote the ideological and political course reform.
One, the current ideological and political course of the basic teaching
At present, there are four basic situations in the course of Ideological and political theory course in Colleges and universities. First, the classroom "three low phenomenon" (to the class rate is low, the rise rate is low, nodding rate) is more obvious, college students on Ideological and political lesson of the lack of discipline. Shangsi political class do other coursework and absent for a variety of reasons. Second, most of the students on the ideological and political course of the setting, meaning, and their actual contact with the lack of correct understanding of the necessity and the importance of learning curriculum is not clear, resulting in rigid resistance. Third, most of the students on the ideological and political class attitude is not as serious as the professional class, the ideological and political teachers also lack the appropriate respect. Fourth, in recent years, the participation of students in the classroom gradually increased. At present, all colleges and universities in the ideological and political reform, in the classroom teaching methods and means of continuous innovation, most students are involved in a variety of ways to participate in the ideological and political class, such as demonstration, debate, case analysis, etc.. A variety of ways and means for college students to have a positive impact on the improvement of Ideological and political courses of interest.
Two, ideological and political courses in the existence of the common errors and difficulties
(a) "classroom three low" phenomenon is not a special phenomenon of Ideological and political class
At present, the "class three low" phenomenon, many people first reaction is "Ideological and political class", this potential awareness of the existence of a certain sense of deviation. At present, the network media is in vogue, and the proportion of the "bow race" among college students is becoming more and more large. "Three low phenomenon" is a common problem in the university classroom, not a special case of a discipline. The concept of "three low phenomenon in the class of Ideological and political course in University" is just the origin of our potential importance to the ideological and political lesson. Ideological and political course is a required course for all college students, the audience will inevitably lead to a huge group of more attention and attention. In the large audience and the ideological and political class has long been produced under the dual factors of the effect of double factors, so that people will think of the three low class thought political lesson.
(two) to improve the ideological and political education of College Students
Interest is the positive and the tendency, the selectivity and the emotion which are produced by the individual with the specific thing, the activity and the artificial object. The academic community has not made a clear and quantitative standard to measure the attractiveness of college students to ideological and political lesson. The conclusion of "low interest in college students' Ideological and political education" is generally the empirical measure of the students' rise rate, the class rate and the interaction rate. At present, the "innovative ideological and political class" this similar to the slogan of national colleges and universities in the country. Hebei, a college student before the class to receive all the phone, the return after class. The rise and the interaction rate of the class are greatly improved. But the emergence of this good phenomenon can come to the conclusion that the college students' interest in Ideological and political education has yet to be considered.
(three) the dilemma of Ideological and Political Course
1 the number of teachers is small, and the number of students is much. There are many problems in the national colleges and universities, the number of Ideological and political teachers is small, and the number of students is many. Class usually in the form of the class teaching to carry out, a large class of hundreds of people is not conducive to the teacher to the student management, is not conducive to improve the classroom efficiency. In Wuhan University as an example, thought political lesson teacher team is lack, general professional course teacher in a class in more than one hundred hours, and many thought political lesson teacher a year of courses about 500 hours. Often have ideological and political lesson teacher one day for nine hours, under such a situation, think political lesson teacher did not get student feedback and necessary respect, in the group of university teachers status and income is not high, easily lead to teacher burnout.
2 ideological and political course of the professional and the pursuit of the entertainment of the students. The current ideological and political lesson seems to be a boring pronoun. However, the nature of Ideological and political lesson has determined its nature of rigor and theory. We can promote the teacher to combine the actual life, as far as possible to use a variety of teaching methods to enrich the content of courses, create curriculum highlights. But can not be too much emphasis on the entertainment of the course, talk about interesting places, students on the rise, speak theory on the head. We in search for a teacher should also be attention and change tendency of college students of entertainment to death, and correct guidance to impetuous mentality immersed in the study, should not make learning over entertainment.
Three, suggestions and measures
(a) attach importance to the cultivation and expansion of the contingent of Ideological and political teachers in Colleges and Universities
On the one hand. We want to pay attention to ideological and political lesson teacher culture and expansion, using a variety of ways to broaden thinking, political teachers competition for channels to expand the ideological and political teachers to solve current audience to teach more less contradiction. On the other hand, the need to improve their quality and personal charm, the existing university. In the classroom, teachers should use PPT, small video, audio and so on, to enrich the content of the classroom, but it should not be used too much. Secondly, the contemporary college students on current events and politics is relatively more concerned about, the teacher should be in the classroom more combined with current events, to decompose and analyze, put forward their own views. And not always according to the declaration.