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Listen this way 听力教程第三册-2
Unit 2 Wildlife Conservation
Part Ⅰ Getting ready
gravely：严重
species：物种
extinct：灭种
on the brink：在边缘
can't afford to wait any more：不能再等待
take action：采取行动
abbreviations ：缩写
acronyms：首字母缩略词
IUCN -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature：世界自然保护联盟
convention：会议;全体与会者;国际公约;惯例，习俗，规矩
CITES -- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species：华盛顿公约，濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约
conservation： 保存;保护;避免浪费;对自然环境的保护
UNEP -- United Nations Environmental Program：联合国环境规划署
WWF -- World Wide Fund for Nature ：世界自然基金会
regulate：调节;控制，管理
promote the conservation：促进保护
under the auspices of：在…的帮助或支持下;有…赞助的
prohibit：禁止
endangered species：濒危野生动植物种
encourage partnerships in doing sth：鼓励伙伴
partnership：伙伴关系;合伙人身份;合作关系;合营公司
inspiring information：鼓舞人心的信息
improve their quality of life：改善生活品质
without compromising：不妥协
enable sb to do sth：使……能
raise funds for ：筹款
giant panda：大熊猫
a global network：全球网
Gland：格兰德
Switzerland：瑞士
biological diversity：生物多样性
ecosystem services：生态系统服务
variety：种类
a breathable atmosphere：洁净的（能够呼吸的）空气
reduce in number ：数量减少
role：任务
negligible：以忽略的;微不足道的
apes：猿
whales：鲸
seals：海豹
marine turtles：海龟
walrus： 海象
dolphins：海豚
crocodiles：鳄鱼
bludgeon：攻击;威胁，强迫
campaign：运动
sanctuaries：庇护所
sea sanctuary：海洋保护区
protected-nesting sites ：受保护的营巢区
nesting site： 营巢区;筑巢区;巢址
pollute：污染
ivory：象牙
porpoise：动鼠海豚
come into force：开始生效
habitat：（动物的）栖息地，住处
compromise：妥协
roll off：辗轧;下降
breed：繁殖
public appeal：公众诉求;呼吁
slaughter：屠宰（动物）;大屠杀
make a donation：捐款
Wild animals and wild plants and the wild places where they live are gravely threatened almost everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century; and many hundreds are now on the brink. We can't afford to wait any more. It is time that we take action.
A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.
1. habitat: the natural home of a planet or animal
2. species: a group of plants or animals of the same kind, which are alike in all important ways and can breed together
3. bludgeon: hit with a heavy object
4. census: a count of a total population
5. logistics: the planning and implementation of the details of any operation
6. degrade: bring down
7. adversely: in the manner of going against, opposing
8. refuge: a place that provides protection or shelter from danger
9. aquatic: living in or on water
10. mussel: a small sea animal living inside a black shell whose soft body can be eaten as food (淡菜)
11. staple food: basic food or main food that one normally eats
12. picky eater: someone who is very careful about choosing only what they like to eat
13. shrink: to become or cause to become smaller in size
14. case study: a detailed analytical study of a person or something with a view to making generalizations
B Listen to some abbreviations and acronyms of some organizations and some information about them. Fill in the blanks.
Audioscript:
1. IUCN -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature, is the organization established by the United Nations to promote the conservation of wildlife and habitats as part of the national policies of member states.
2. CITES -- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. is an international agreement under the auspices of the IUCN with the aim of regulating trade in endangered species of animals and plants. The agreement came into force in 1975 and by 1991 had been signed by 110 states. It prohibits any trade in a category of 8,000 highly endangered species and controls trade in a further 30,000 species.
3. UNEP -- United Nations Environmental Program, aims to provide leadership and encourage partnerships in caring for the environment by inspiring information and enabling nations and people to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.
4. WWF -- World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), is an international organization established in 1961 to raise funds for conservation by public appeal. Projects include conservation of particular species, for example, the tiger and giant panda. With almost five million supporters distributed throughout five continents, WWF has a global network active in over 90 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland.
Biological diversity provides us with a variety of special "ecosystem services", such as clean water, a breathable atmosphere and natural climate control. However, many kinds of wild animals have been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is negligible. Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals, and marine turtles are under particular pressure.
C Listen to the conversation. Match column A, which is a list of the names of some endangered animals, with column B, which gives the information about those endangered animals. Then anwser the questions.
Column A
1. Whales
2. Seals
3. Turtles
4. Crocodiles
5. 'Walruses (海象.)
6. Dolphins
2
4
5
1.6
3
Column B
bludgeoned to death for fur coats
killed to make handbags and shoes
hunted for their ivory
hunted to extinction
eggs rolled off and slaughtered for meat and oil
Questions:
1. What do people at the World Wildlife Fund work for according to the woman?
They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife.
2. What are they doing in order to protect those endangered animals?
They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species. Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up.
3. Can you guess the meaning of "sea sanctuaries"?
It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freely.
Audioscript:
A: Hello, I'm calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.
B: The what?
A: The World Wildlife Fund. If you've got a few minutes I'd like to tell you what that means.
B: Oh, all right.
A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife. The seas, for example, have become polluted by the industrialized world; whales are being hunted to extinction; turtles are rolled off their eggs when they come ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil...
B: Oh.
A: Crocodiles are killed to make handbags and shoes; walruses are hunted for their ivory.
B: I see.
A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise.
B: Really.
A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.
B: Very interesting.
A: Aided by our campaign, protected nesting sites for turtles have already been set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if you'd like to make a donation?
Part II Christmas bird counts
be deemed：（被）认为，视为，断定
fortunes ：命运
critically：危急;严重
perilous：危险的，冒险的
at risk of ：有……危险
imminent extinction：即将灭绝
lose a species：丧失一个物种
residents：居民
maintaining：保持
sustain：维持;支撑;忍受
quality：质量
sustaining the quality of lives ：维持生活质量
John James Audubon ：约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦，1785年4月26日-1851年1月27日)，美国画家、博物学家，他绘制的鸟类图鉴被称作“美国国宝”
illustrate：说明；描绘；画插图
in their natural habitats：自然居住地
conservationist：自然资源保护者，生态环境保护者
feather：羽毛，翎毛
manufacture：制造
sponsored by ：赞助;发起
the National Audubon Society：全国奥杜邦（鸟类保护）协会
Bermuda：百慕大群岛（北大西洋西部群岛）
Pacific islands：太平洋岛屿
volunteer：志愿者
bird count：鸟类的清点
experienced：有经验的
bird watcher：野鸟观察者，鸟类观察家
diameter：直径
observe：观察
actually ：实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎
longest-running：播放时间最长的
census：人口普查，统计;人口财产调查
ornithology：鸟类学;鸟学
scheduled：排定，进度表
logistics： 组织工作
ideal： 理想；目标
virtually：实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎
identify ：识别，认出
Panama：巴拿马
esthetic value：审美价值
indicator：指示器
habitat alteration：栖息地变更
signal：信号，暗号;预兆，征象
degrade： 降低，贬低;使降级
degradation：退化;堕落;降级
adversely：反对;不利地;有害地
annual：每年
Christmas bird counts：对诞（岛）数鸟
decline：下降
One in eight of the world's bird species is deemed globally threatened and the fortunes of 198 critically endangered species are now so perilous that they are at risk of imminent extinction. Many people feel that every time we lose a species, the world becomes a poorer place. The more successful we are at maintaining or improving the living conditions of the Earth's many residents, the better our chances will be of sustaining the quality of all species' lives on Earth.
A Listen to a news report. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column according to the following cues. While listening for the second time, supply the missing information.
Event: Christmas bird counts
Time: from Christmas to Jan. 3rd
Sponsored by: the National Audubon Society
Participants:
Numbers: more than 40,000 volunteers
Background: from all 50 states of the U.S., every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America', Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands
Number of bird counts this year: more than 1 600 separate bird counts
The logistics of bird counts: Each individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point.
Origin of the National Audubon Society: It was named after an American artist John James Audubon, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds.
B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report. Complete the summary of this year's Christmas bird counts.
Christmas bird counts will start from Christmas to January 3rd., sponsored by the National Audubon Society. This year more than 40 000 volunteers from the U.S., Canada, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands will be outside counting birds. The counts are not only for experienced bird watchers but anyone that is interested or concerned as well.
This year more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. Every individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point. Bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see.
The traditional Christmas bird count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.
Audioscript:
John James Audubon was an American artist in the early 1800s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manufacture of women's hats.
Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, more than 40 000 volunteers will be outside counting birds from today until January 3rd. Volunteers from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands have begun to count and record every individual bird and bird species observed during the two and one half week period of the count.
Jeffrey LeBaron is the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.
This year, according to Mr. LeBaron , more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. The logistics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple.
"Each individual count is in a circle. It's a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And it's always the exactly same area that's done every year, usually, even on the same weekend during the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this census: every single individual bird within that circle on the count day."
Mr. LeBaron says experienced bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see. The editor points out, however, that the counts are not only for experienced bird watchers.
"Anybody that is interested or concerned can become involved. Beginners will go out in a party with experienced individuals who know both the area and the birds in the area, in the field where more eyes and ears are better. And then anybody can point out a bird, and someone in the field will always be able to identify the bird."
C Now listen to what Mr. Lebaron says about the information concerning birds. Complete the outline.
Outline
I. Total number of known species -- about 9 300
II. Habitat
A. Larger numbers living in the warmer climates
e.g. more than 300 different species counted in Panama
B. far fewer species native to colder climates
III. Value
A. importance to the environment
1. indicator of the quality of environment
2. sensitive to habitat alteration
B. esthetic value
1. getting pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds
2. mental quality of life degraded without birds
IV. Birds' population
A. some species -- declining
B. many types -- increasing
Audioscript:
Mr. LeBaron says there are about 9 300 different known species of birds. Larger numbers of them live in the warmer climates. For example, more than 300 different species have been counted in Panama, while far fewer species are native to colder climates. Aside from their esthetic value, Mr. LeBaron says birds are important to the environment because they can signal changes in it.
"Birds are one of the best indicators that we have of the quality of the environment within the given area. Whether it is a relatively local area, or even primarily on the worldwide bases, they are one of the first things to be altered. They are quite sensitive to a habitat alteration or to other threats. And often times when birds are disappearing out of the area, it just means there is a degradation of the quality of the habitat within that area which will adversely affect everything in there including humans."
National Audubon Society editor Jeffrey LeBaron calls the world's bird populations a source of wealth that humans must protect.
"People get so much pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds. And if they start disappearing just the er, the quality of life, um, may be not physically, but the mental quality of life can be degraded quickly."
Jeffrey LeBaron says that while the National Audubon Society's annual Christmas bird counts show a decline in some species, many types of birds are actually increasing their populations.
Part III Dolphin captivity
in captivity：养在笼子（或池子，等）里；囚禁
announcer：播音员
thesis statements：文意，简述论文，论文主题
Colorado Public Radio：科罗拉多州公共广播电台
aquatic park：水上公园
Denver：丹佛（美国科罗拉多州）
ire： 愤怒
dolphin ：海豚
instigate：教唆;煽动;激起
a former navy dolphin trainer ：前海军海
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