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七年级英语重点词语及词语表达人教四年制版知识精讲.doc

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七年级英语重点词语及词语表达人教四年制版 【同步教育信息】 一. 本周教学内容: 重点词语及表达 (一)重点词语及表达 1. Thank you for sth. or doing sth. 表示“因……而感谢”。例如: (1)Thank you for your help . 感谢你的帮助。 (2)Thank you for helping me . 感谢你对我的帮助。 (3)Thank you for mending my bike . 感谢你给我修了自行车。 (4)Thank you very much for giving us a talk . 非常感谢您给我们作的报告。 2. wish与hope hope:一般侧重表达有可能实现的愿望,常译为“希望”。 wish:一般侧重表达不太可能实现的愿望,常译为“但愿”。 * 两者的相同点: (1)都表示“想”、“希望”;宾语都可用不定式,不可用动名词,例如: I wish / hope to join the Party . 我渴望入党。 (2)均可与for连用,例如: Let’s hope for good luck . 我们一起盼望好运吧。 He wishes for a good job . 他希望找一份好工作。 * 两者的不同点: (1)wish和hope都可以跟从句,但hope + that从句表示“希望”用陈述语气表示有把握实现的愿望;wish + that从句表示“愿望”,用虚拟语气,即从句用过去范畴的时态,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。例如: I hope you will come on time . 我希望你准时来。 I wish I were ten years younger . 但愿我能年轻10岁。 (2)wish可接双宾语,hope不能。 We wish you a happy New Year ! 我们祝你新年快乐!(hope无此用法) (3)wish可以接不定式作宾语补足语,hope不能。例如: I wish you to get that job . 我希望你能得到那份工作。 一定要注意,决不能说I hope you to get the job . 要想表达这个含义,可以说I hope you can get the job . (4)在作简略回答时,hope后可用替代词so或not,而wish不可以,例如: Will you come earlier ? 你能早点来吗? I hope so . 我希望能 Can we be late for class ? 上课能迟到吗? I hope not . 希望不会。 3. like doing和like to do 这两种用法意思基本上一样,区别不大。一般来说,表示较笼统的概念,如某种习惯或爱好,常有like doing,表示较具体的事情一般用like to do。例如: (1)My father likes making things . 我父亲喜欢制作小玩意。 (2)I like taking a walk after supper . 我喜欢晚饭后散步。 (3)My father likes going fishing on Sundays . 我父亲星期天喜欢钓鱼。 (4)Where do you like sitting(或to sit)? 你喜欢坐哪儿? (5)I don’t like to do it now . 我现在不想做这件事。 (6)I like to work with you . 我喜欢和你一块工作。 ▲ like sb to do是一个固定结构,不能说like sb. doing这一结构中的like作“希望” “想要”解。如: (7)Mr Li likes us to read English in the morning . 李先生希望我们早上读英语。 (8)I like you to stay here for another few days . 我希望你在这儿再呆几天。 4. little和small little作为形容词可表示“小的”,相当于small,但little常带有说话人的某种感情,特别用于当觉得所说的人或物小得可爱或可怜的时候。small则不具有这种含义,它只表示体积或空间的小。试比较: (1)My little daughter can spell quite a few English words . 我的小女儿能拼好多个英语单词。 (2)He lives in a little village . 他住在一个小村子里。 (3)I have two little cats . 我有两只(可爱的)小猫。 (4)She has a little brother . 她有个弟弟。 (5)We’d better help the little girl with some money . 我们最好给那小女孩些钱来帮助她。 (6)Put it in that small box . 把这东西放在那只小盒子里。 注:在实际使用时,用small还是little完全凭说话人的主观意识。 另外,small可以作表语,而little则不可以。我们可以说The room is very small .(这个房间很小),但不能说The room is very little . 5. evening和night 都可用来表示“夜晚”。 (1)evening意为“黄昏”,“傍晚”,“晚上”,即指日落到晚上十点钟以前的一段时间。 (2)night意为“夜”、“夜晚”、“夜间”,即日落后到日出前这段时间,但在实际应用中所指的夜比evening要深,多指从就寝(十点后)到拂晓之间的夜里。晚上见面时要说Good evening .(晚上好),告别时说Good night .(晚安) * 注:“今晚”可以说this evening,通常不说this night。in the evening(在晚上)。in the night(在夜里)里有定冠词the,但at night里没有定冠词the。 (3)at night与in the night at night意为“在夜里,天黑时”,指一天的部分时间,一般指晚六点到午夜;in the night意为“夜间”指天黑到天明这一段时间点。 例如: He still works at night . 他晚上还在工作。 I wake up twice in the night . 我夜里醒了两次。 6. have to和must have to表示客观上的必须,意为“不得不”,“必须”。当表示个人的意愿,即主观的必要时,用must;当表示由于理论的推论或自然法则的结果时,不能用have to,必须用must,但表示重复动作时,必须用have to,但表示命令时必须用must。 例: (1)I have to do my homework every day . 我每天都得做作业。(客观上不得不做) (2)I must study hard . 我必须努力学习。(主观或个人意愿的必须) (3)I have to go to school every day . 我每天必须得去上学。(每天重复的动作,此处不能用must) (4)You must go to school every day . 你必须得天天上学。(命令的口气) 注:含有must的句子在变否定句或疑问句时,直接在must后加not或将must提前,而含有have to的句子在变否定句或疑问句时则应借助于助动词do或does。 例: (5)I don’t have to go to school every day . (6)Do you have to go to school every day ? (7)You mustn’t go to school every day . (8)Must you go to school every day ? (二)重点句式及表达: 1. 祈使句:用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、号召等,祈使句的主语一般都是第二人称,但通常省略主语、谓语动词总是用动词原形。祈使句的否定式用Don’t+动词原形(不能用Do not),为使句子语气客气,委婉,常常在句首或句末加please,标点符号用句号或感叹号。 如: (1)Please sit down . 请坐。 (2)Tom , come in , please . 汤姆,请进。 (3)Don’t talk in class . 课上不要讲话。 (4)Don’t be late next time . 下次不要迟到。 2. 一般现在时:表示的动作是经常性的。习惯性的,确定动词的时态可根据时间状语,一般现在时的时间状语常用often,usually,always,every day,in the morning / afternoon / evening等。 例: (1)We have 6 classes every day . 我们每天上6节课。 (2)Sometimes he reads newspapers after supper . 他有时晚饭后看报纸。 (3)Does she often watch TV on Sunday ? 她经常在周日看电视吗? (4)I usually eat my breakfast on my way to school . 我通常在上学的路上吃早点。 3. 现在进行时:表示现在或此刻正在进行的动作,现在进行时的时间状语常用now,at this time等。 例: (1)They are playing basketball now . 他们正在打篮球。 (2)Now I’m watching TV . 我现在正在看电视。 (3)He’s reading and writing now . 他正在读书写字。 (4)Is he doing his homework at this time ? 现在他正在做作业吗? 4. 形容词与副词的原级,比较级和最高级: (1)单音节词末尾加-er和est,如:long-longer-longest (2)单音节词如以-e结尾,只加-r和-st,如:nice-nicer-nicest (3)闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er和-est,如:big-bigger-biggest (4)以y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字母,则变y为i,再加-er和-est,如:happy-happier-happiest (5)表示“越来越……”用“比较级+and+比较级”结构。 例: My ruler is longer than yours . 我的尺比你的尺长。 Tom is the tallest in his class . 汤姆是他班里个子最高的。 The days get shorter and shorter in winter . 冬季白天变得越来越短。 【模拟试题】 一. 判断划线部分发音,相同划“√”,不同画“×”: 1. weather present( ) 2. uncle summer( ) 3. birthday thirty( ) 4. round would( ) 5. forty work( ) 6. great clean( ) 7. worm homework( ) 8. houses glasses( ) 9. early year( ) 10. England sing( ) 二. 词汇: (一)按要求写词: 1. no(同音词) 2. eat(现在分词) 3. fly(第三人称单数形式) 4. beach(复数) 5. early(反义词) 6. three(序数词) 7. hot(最高级) 8. begin(现在分词) 9. late(比较级) 10. be(第三人称单数形式) (二)用所给词的适当形式填空: 1. Look ! They (plant)trees . 2. Students (have)their winter holidays in February . 3. We can (see)the nice flowers everywhere . 4. The little dog (want) (eat)some meat . 5. Could you let me (have)supper ? 6. What about (celebrate)Children’s Day ? 7. It’s seven o’clock in the morning . It’s time (get)up . 8. Summer is the (two)season of the year . 9. Go to the beach and enjoy (you). 10. The days get and (short). 11. the people (do)the housework after work ? 12. Jim’s father always (drive)a car to work . 13. (not paint)the house like this . 14. My sister is a (care)girl . 15. (not late)for school . (三)首字母填空: 1. What’s w with your computer ? 2. My father is m a shopping list . 3. Tom often g up very early . 4. Please a my questions now . 5. Do you like w the flowers ? 6. I think s is the b season of the year . 7. Autumn is the h season . 8. My brother e reading and writing . (四)按要求写句子: 1. Peter isn’t doing his homework now .(祈使句) 2. Please do it like this .(否定句) 3. Her sister likes watching cartoons .(否定句) 4. I think you are wrong .(同义句) 5. I’d like a glass of juice .(一般疑问句) 6. Would you like some bread ?(同义句) 7. Peter is taller than Dick .(同义句) 8. The family go to the beach in summer .(划线提问) 三. 单项选择: ( )1. The cats the big tree . A. are running up B. are runing up C. is running D. is runing ( )2. Today is my birthday , my mother is a cake me . A. making , to B. making , for C. doing , to D. doing , for ( )3. ? It’s on the table . A. What’s on the table B. What’s it C. Where is my eraser D. Whose eraser is this ( )4. Please give me orange . A. two bottles B. two bottles of C. some bottle of D. a bottle ( )5. We don’t like late . A. to be B. be C. is D. are ( )6. He can speak English . He can help you . A. a few B. few C. little D. a little ( )7. Where’s ? It’s in . A. London , English B. Beijing , Chinese C. Paris , France D. Tokyo , Japanese ( )8. do you go to see your parents ? Two days a week . A. How long B. How often C. How fast D. How soon ( )9. are sitting over there . A. All Young Pioneers(少年队员) B. All Young Pioneers of C. All of Young Pioneers D. All the Young Pioneers ( )10. I can’t it in English . Can I Chinese ? A. say , say B. say , speak C. speak , say D. tell , talk ( )11. The twins their blue sweaters today . A. putting on B. wearing C. are putting D. are wearing ( )12. All the other boys are . A. China B. Chinese C. China man D. China men ( )13. What Jim like ? A. must B. would C. don’t D. do ( )14. Mary is a . She works on a . A. student , school B. worker , factory C. farmer , farm D. worker , shop ( )15. The pen is Lucy’s . Please give pen . A. me she B. me hers C. I she D. me her ( )16. What’s wrong your bike ? A. in B. on C. with D. at ( )17. Tom’s mother often all her shopping Sundays . A. has , in B. does , on C. does , in D. do , on ( )18. “ ? ” “ I’m reading a book . ” A. What do you do B. What are you doing C. What do you doing D. What you doing 四. 综合填空: Mr and Mrs Brown l 1 in a small house near London with their son . Sometimes when Mr Brown c 2 back from work at night , his wife and his son are sleeping . He opens the front door of his house with his key(钥匙)and comes in . One night he gets home very late . But he c 3 find his key . He rings the bell . He rings it again and again . Nobody m 4 inside the house . Mr Brown knocks at the window of the bedroom . He c 5 his wife’s name , but she doesn’t wake up . At last(最后)he stops and t 6 for a moment . Then he b 7 to speak like a little c 8 , “ Mum , ” he says . “ I want to go to the washroom . ” His wife wakes up at o 9 . Mr Brown says loudly , “ Dear , it’s me ! Not your child , but your husband(丈夫). O 10 the door , please . ” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 【试题答案】 一. 1. √ 2. √ 3. √ 4. × 5. × 6. × 7. √ 8. × 9. × 10. × 二. (一) 1. know 2. eating 3. flies 4. beaches 5. late 6. third 7. hottest 8. beginning 9. later 10. is (二) 1. are planting 2. have 3. see 4. wants ; to eat 5. have 6. celebrating 7. to get 8. second 9. yourselves 10. shorter ; shorter 11. Do ; do 12. drives 13. Don’t paint 14. careful 15. Don’t be late (三) 1. wrong 2. making 3. gets 4. answer 5. watering 6. spring ; best 7. harvest 8. enjoys (四) 1. Peter , don’t do your homework now . 2. Please don’t do it like this . 3. Her sister doesn’t like watching cartoons . 4. I don’t think you are right . 5. Would you like a glass of juice ? 6. Do you want some bread ? 7. Dick is shorter than Peter . 8. What do the family do in summer ? 三. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. B 四. 1. live 2. comes 3. can’t 4. moves 5. calls 6. thinks 7. begins 8. child 9. once 10. 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