宾语补足语高考热点.doc

宾语补足语高考热点
2006-11-02 12:03:03.0　来源: 英语周报　 网友评论 0 条 进入论坛
宾语补足语即补充说明宾语的成分，通常由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词和介词短语等来充当。由不定式和动词-ing形式充当时，宾语补足语与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
一、非谓语动词作宾补的情况
1. 不定式作宾补
许多动词后都可以接不定式作宾补。如：
Can I trouble you to open the door?
麻烦你把门打开好吗？
[注意]
（1）使役动词make, have, let和感官动词 see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel后接不定式作宾补时需省略to，表示具体的、经常性的动作。但在被动语态中to不能省略。如：
I saw him come into the room.
我看见他进了房间。（表示具体动作的整个过程）
He often hears the girl sing.
他经常听到这个女孩唱歌。（表示经常性的动作）
The girl is often heard to sing.
经常听到这个女孩唱歌。（被动语态）
（2）think, consider, believe, suppose, find, imagine, feel（认为），take （认为）后常接to be+ adj. / n. （to be可省）或to have done作宾补。如：
I found him (to be) sad. 我发现他很难过。
We thought him (to be) a naughty boy.
我们认为他是个淘气的孩子。
（3）wish, advise和require后可接不定式作宾补，hope, suggest和demand则不可以。如：
I wish you to see him again. / I hope that you will see him again.
I advised him to make a plan.
= I advised / suggested that he (should) make a plan.
2. 动词-ing形式和过去分词作宾补
既可以用动词-ing形式也可以用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：see, notice, observe, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel, smell, find, discover 这些表示“看、听、感觉、发现”类的动词和get, have, keep, leave这些使役类的动词。但make可用过去分词作宾补，却不能用动词-ing形式作宾补。如：
Don’t leave your work half done.
不要让你的工作半途而废。
（过去分词表被动、完成）
Nobody heard your baby crying.
没有人听到你的孩子在哭。
（动词-ing形式表主动、进行）
二、宾语补足语在with复合结构中的应用
“with+复合宾语”在句中作状语或定语。作状语时多用于表示行为方式或伴随情况，也可表时间、条件、原因等意义。这种结构的常见形式为：with + 宾语+动词?鄄ing形式/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词。如：
Don’t talk with others with your finger pointing at them.与别人说话时不要用手指着对方。
With the work finished, I went home.
做完作业我就回家了。
With so much work to do, I can’t go to the cinema with you.
由于有这么多工作要做，我不能和你一起去看电影。
He likes to sleep with the window open.
他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
The building looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的灯都亮着，这座建筑物看起来更漂亮了。
Exercise: 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ （carry out） the next year.
2. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______ (go on).
3. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ______ (explain) often enough.
4. — Is Bob still performing?
— I’m afraid not. He is said ______ (leave) the stage already as he has become an official.
5. The flu is believed ______ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
6. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ______ (worry).
7. He looked around and caught a man ______ (put) his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
8. With a lot of difficult problems ______ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
9. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ______ (issue) clear warnings before firing any shots.
10. Helen had to shout to make herself ______ (hear) above the sound of the music.
广东 林 飞
Key:
1. carried out       2. going on
3. explained         4. to have left
5. to be caused      6. worried
7. putting           8. to settle
9. to issue          10. heard