重庆公共租赁房居住区公共服务设施设计研究.docx

摘 要
重庆公共租赁房（以下简称公租房）是为解决重庆城市“夹心层”人群住房
困难而建设的具有过渡性质的保障性住房。重庆公租房的建设量大，保障人群范
围广，备受社会各界的关注。现阶段对公租房的研究已经较多，但更多的是关注
公租房政策、管理、租金等方面的问题而就公租房设计本身更多的也是对公租房
的选址、公租房的户型设计等的研究，对其配套的公共服务设施关注还不够，这
方面的研究还有所欠缺。重庆公租房建设规模较大，一个住区一般居住人口在 5
万人左右，且多位于城市周边，周边服务设施缺少。面对重庆公租房的性质特征
公共服务设施的影响是多方面的，同时公共服务设施的建设对重庆公租房住区的
品质至关重要。重庆公租房已有不少项目的规划设计已经完成，部分公租房已经
建设完成投入使用，但公共服务设施的规划设计还存在着一定的问题。因此对公
租房住区公共服务设施的规划设计研究是对重庆公租房的顺利发展，实现其建设
目的的重要保障。
本文主要通过对公租房相关政策的研究，居住公共服务设施规划设计的相关
理论及其相关理论，结合对重庆公租房的调研成果对现阶段公共服务设施规划设
计存在的问题和不足进行探讨研究，主要正对公共服务设施的配套标准的确定和
公共服务设施的合理布局两个方面进行探讨，力求为重庆公租房住区公共服务设
施的规划设计做出一定的贡献。
本文主要有四部分对重庆公租房住区公共服务设施进行探讨：
第一部分，问题的提出，第一章内容。主要是对重庆公租房住区公共服务设
施规划布局的相关理论和概念进行解读。并对研究题目的提出做出分析，对重庆
公租房住区公共服务设施研究的必要性做出解答。
第二部分，分析问题，第二、第三章内容。主要分为对公租房住区的环境、
相关政策、现行规范、社会学等公共服务设施的影响因素，以及重庆公租房保障
人群的人口结构、生活活动方式等进行分析。
第三部分，分析、解决问题，第四、第五章内容。一方面对重庆公租房住区
公共服务设施的配套标准的确定提出部分建议和方法，满足公租房住区的需求。
另一方面对重庆公租房住区公共服务设施布局问题的分析和解读，提出重庆公租
房住区公共服务设施布局应注重其开放性以满足住区与城市的融合，同时应注重
公租房住区内街区的空间的设计从而增加住区内的生活气息，保证公租房住区和
谐的邻里交往。
第四部分，研究成果总结。重庆公租房住区公共服务设施的规划设计中不但II
要注重公共服务设施的“量”同时要保证“质”从而实现公租房住区的宜居、健
康，为重庆公租房的良好发展提供保障。
关键词：重庆，公租房，住区，公共服务设施III
ABSTRACT
The public rental housing (PRH) in Chongqing, as affordable transitional
housing, is a solution for the urban residents, so called "Sandwich Class", whom
have residential difficulties. In Chongqing, the PRH has aroused much public
attention because of the mass construction and the wide spread influence. At the
present stage, the study of PRH is mainly interested in such as rental policy,
management, rent and others. To the issue of housing design itself, attentions are
paid less on studies such as site chosen, housing type design and supporting public
service facilities. The scale of PRH construction in Chongqing is always large
enough to accommodate about 50,000 people, and are located around the outskirt of
the city where is lack of public facilities. In terms of quality, public facilities is an
important factor. There are a number of PRH planning and design projects have been
completed, part of which has been occupied while some problems in the public
facilities are left behind. Therefore, the study on the planning and design of public
facilities is the assurance for the accomplishment of the development and
achievement of the PRH.
Through the study on the research of rent related PRH policy, the theory of
residential planning and design of public facilities, combined with the research
results of PRH in Chongqing from the investigation of public facilities planning and
design, this paper points out the problems and shortcomings in the major public
facilities, mainly focus on its standard determination as well as distribution. As a
result, it makes some contribution to the planning and design of public facilities in
the PRH community in Chongqing.
The discussion of the public facilities of PRH in Chongqing has been divided
into four parts:
Firstly, interprets the related theories and concepts in the layout of public
facilities planning. It proposes the research topic and answers the necessity of the
study on public facilities.
Secondly, analyzes the problems. This consists the environment of the PRH
community, the relevant policies, the existing codes, sociology and other aspects
affecting public facilities. It also analyzes demographic structure, life and activity
style and others involved in the PRH in Chongqing.IV
Further, analyzes and solves the problem. On the one hand, this paper proposes
several suggestions to the determination on the standard of public facilities so as to
meet the demand of the PRH community. On the other hand, it proposes that the
layout of the public facilities planning should focus on meeting its development for
combining the community with the city. Meanwhile the neighborhood space design
should be emphasized to increase livelihood and to ensure the harmonious of
neighborhood relations. At the same time, the theory for healthy and life should be
paid attention as well as the demand for public facilities in planning and design.
Finally, summarizes the research results. The planning and design of public
facilities has to focus on not only the "quantity" but on ensuring "quality" of the
PRH community. Only in this way, a livable, healthy and robustdevelopment of the
PRH in Chongqing can be achieved.
Keywords: Chongqing, Public Rental Housing, Residential Community,
Public Service FacilitiesV
目 录
中文摘要..........................................................................................................................................I
英文摘要.......................................................................................................................................III
图表目录.......................................................................................................................................IX
1 绪 论.........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 基本概念 ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 公共租赁房的概念 ..................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 “夹心层”的概念........................................................................................................... 2
1.1.3 公租房与其他保障性住房的关系和区别.................................................................. 3
1.1.4 住区公共服务设施设计的内容 ................................................................................. 5
1.2 问题的提出 ........................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 公租房住区公共服务设施发展状况.......................................................................... 6
1.2.2 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施设计研究的必要性.................................................. 7
1.2.3 重庆公租房的特殊性 ................................................................................................. 8
1.3 研究目的、意义和方法 ..................................................................................................... 10
1.3.1 研究目的 ................................................................................................................... 10
1.3.2 研究方法 ................................................................................................................... 10
1.3.3 研究意义 ................................................................................................................... 11
1.4 研究的支撑理论 ................................................................................................................. 12
1.4.1 居住区公共服务设施理论的形成 ........................................................................... 12
1.4.2 小城镇规划理论 ....................................................................................................... 15
1.5 论文基本框架 ..................................................................................................................... 16
2 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施配套设计的影响因素 .................................19
2.1 重庆公租房住区的特征 ..................................................................................................... 19
2.1.1 重庆公租房住区的选址特征 ................................................................................... 19
2.1.2 重庆公租房住区的城市区位特征 ........................................................................... 21
2.1.3 重庆市公租房住区的建设规模 ............................................................................... 22
2.1.4 重庆市公租房住区的交通状况 ............................................................................... 26
2.2 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施设计的政策影响因素 ..................................................... 29
2.2.1 开发、筹地模式对公租房住区服务设施设计的影响............................................ 29
2.2.2 保障对象对公租房住区服务设施设计的影响........................................................ 30
2.2.3 退出机制对公租房住区服务设施设计的影响........................................................ 32VI
2.2.4 现行规范对公租房住区服务设施设计的影响 ....................................................... 34
2.3 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施设计的社会影响因素..................................................... 35
2.3.1 重庆公租房住区混合居住模式的趋势 ................................................................... 35
2.3.2 重庆公租房保障人群的特征 ................................................................................... 38
2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................................. 42
3 重庆公租房住区入住人群调查 ................................................................................. 43
3.1 公租房入住人群构成调查................................................................................................. 43
3.1.1 人群机构构成 ........................................................................................................... 43
3.1.2 重庆公租房的保障人群家庭结构及年龄构成 ....................................................... 45
3.2 保障人群的生活方式......................................................................................................... 48
3.2.1 保障人群的消费结构 ............................................................................................... 48
3.2.2 保障人群的邻里交往方式 ....................................................................................... 49
3.2.3 保障人群的休闲娱乐方式 ....................................................................................... 52
3.3 本章小结............................................................................................................................. 53
4 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施配套标准研究 ................................................. 55
4.1 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施配套标准......................................................................... 55
4.1.1 针对重庆公租房住区应提出相应的公共服务设施配套标准的原因...................... 55
4.1.2 现阶段重庆已建公租房大部分公共服务设施建设量不满足规范要求的原因.... 59
4.1.3 针对重庆公租房特殊性对其公共服务设施配套标准的建议 ............................... 60
4.2 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施服配套标准制定原则..................................................... 61
4.2.1 满足重庆住公租房住区公共服务设施的服务范围的需求 ................................... 61
4.2.2 满足重庆公租房住区公共服务设施的多样化需求 ............................................... 63
4.2.3 住区公共服务设施的老龄化需求 ........................................................................... 65
4.3 满足重庆公租房住区公共服务设施的社会需求............................................................. 69
4.3.1 重庆住区公共服务设施的集约化需求 ................................................................... 69
4.3.2 重庆住区公共服务设施的社会公平需求 ............................................................... 72
4.4 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施配套标准的制定............................................................. 73
4.4.1 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施配套标准的制定方法 ........................................... 73
4.4.2 重庆公租房住区主要公共服务设施配套标准的制定 ........................................... 74
4.5 本章小结............................................................................................................................. 82
5 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施空间布局............................................................ 83
5.1 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施的空间布局模式............................................................. 83
5.1.1 公共服务设施的集中布局模式 ............................................................................... 83
5.1.2 公共服务设施的分散布局模式 ............................................................................... 84VII
5.1.3 公共服务设施的集中与分散相结合的布局模式.................................................... 86
5.1.4 公共服务设施按布置位置划分的布局模式............................................................ 90
5.2 住区公共服务设施与住区住宅楼的结合方式 ................................................................. 92
5.3 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施布局原则 ......................................................................... 95
5.3.1 注重重庆公租房住区公共服务设施的开放性布局................................................ 95
5.3.2 注重公租房住区内街区空间设计 ........................................................................... 98
5.4 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施的宜居、健康设计 ....................................................... 100
5.4.1 重庆公租房住区公共服务设施的健康设计.......................................................... 101
5.5 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 103
6 总 结.....................................................................................................................................105
6.1 主要研究成果 ................................................................................................................... 105
6.2 研究展望 ........................................................................................................................... 106
致 谢.....................................................................................................................................109
参考文献.....................................................................................................................................111
附 录.....................................................................................................................................115
附 表.....................................................................................................................................117IX
图表目录
图 1.1 “夹心层”分析图.................................................................................................................3
图 1.2 中国保障性住房的主要类别.................................................................................................4
图 1.3 居住区公共服务设施的主要类别.........................................................................................5
图 1.4 重庆公租房住区高层化集群.................................................................................................7
图 1.5 法国马赛公寓.......................................................................................................................12
图 1.6 居住用地的分类...................................................................................................................13
图 1.7 城乡发展的三个阶段...........................................................................................................16
图 1.8 论文框架...............................................................................................................................17
表 1.1 中国不同城市对公共租赁住房的定义.................................................................................2
表 1.2 廉租房、经济适用房、公租房定义比较.............................................................................4
表 1.3 公租房与商品房定义比较...................................................................................................10
表 1.4 居住区用地比例表...............................................................................................................13
表 1.5 《城市居住区规划设计规范》“千人指标”...................................................................14
表 1.6 重庆公租房住区与中国小城镇对比...................................................................................15
图 2.1 重庆主城区公租房住区规划布局.......................................................................................19
图 2.2 重庆主城区公租房规划用地分布.......................................................................................20
图 2.3 重庆茶