作文替换词汇(特别用于专四备考).docx

大一下期综英写作整理
一、词与短语
最常用词替换：
Thing ---- Stuff
Issue 指正规的事（important thing）
具体化：change? Story? News?
Phenomenon ---- Occurrence (事件，中性)
（现象，带有贬义）
Good ---- Enjoyable
Advantages ----strengths
Disadvantages---- weakness
Very---- much too
Suddenly----unexpectedly; abruptly
Attractive --- inviting/tempting/irresistible
Of --- among E.g.: of the four heroes
important ---- Matter it matters (much) to sb/what matters much is that...
it is important for sb. to do sth. ----------What counts for sb. is that 重要的是....
good at ---- Specialized in /skilled in /expert in
be good for/beneficial for ---------- Be favorable for
the business of ---------the task of ......的任务
all kinds of /sorts of sth. --------- … of all kinds
not necessarily 不一定，表达语气的委婉。
can, could, shall, must, might 等情态动词 -------- tend to; be more likely to
increasing(ly) /increasing number of ---------- more and more
usually ---------- more often than not
as a result ------------ It turned out that/to be
Sth. is a rare/common occurrence 、、、、、、是一个偶然/必然的现象
have the advantage of --- enjoy advantage over 优于、、、、、、
have the disadvantage of --- suffer disadvantage 劣于、、、、、、
during -------------- in the course of 在....的过程中
try one's best --------- make great (an/much) effort /exertion to do sth.
Be responsible to do ---- Be committed to doing sth. 有责任或者义务做某事
Be eager to /very want to --- be desperate to do sth. 极度渴望做某事
couldn’t wait to do sth
Be the only one to sb --- be peculiar to sb. 对某人而言。。。是独一无二的
on surface --- seemingly
be enough / be many ---- be more than adequate 绰绰有余
be replaced by --- give way to
it’s difficult for sb to do sth--- sb be stuck for doing sth
sth make one think --- sth/sb keep one thought on
poor area--- under-developed pockets of the country
in order to do sth--- so as to do sth
be interested in----take to
Adv.+adj.的用法：(定性副词加形容词)代替 very + adj.
e.g. seemingly different
basically important
physically healthy
environmentally beneficial
worldly famous
scientifically advanced

bring sb. to tears(写影评时)
bring sb. to attention(写社会热点)：sth. bring the public to attention

描述原因的介词：
Because ---- from/for/with/out of/for the simplest reason that E.g.: for the sake of 为了

用于作文中表达最后一个观点：
In addition
Additionally
Besides
Another

善用模糊词 E.g.: partly form
have the expression of ------ wear an expression of ......的表情
As it were, 也就是说

二、句型
举例说明：
for example ---------- Say,... /...,say,... / such as...
列举并列的句子用语：
And..., as well / as well as /A, B, and C as well
插入语:
...,say,... ...,however,... ...therefore,... ...,moreover,... **","不能连接两个句子
句型替换：
在when, if 从句中，如果主句和从句的主语一致，且有be动词，则把从句主语省略，同时谓语表位ing形式
当两个句子的主语相同或有一定关联时，试着把其中一个句子变为非谓语的形式。
Eg: She had a son who was handicapped and needed her care. So she often had to ask for leave because of him. But gradually she encouraged him to learn a useful trade.
换后的句子：With a son who was handicapped and needed her care, she often had to ask for…

描述模式的改变：
I see sth ---- Sth. come into my view
I couldn’t sleep ---- sleep had gone
I want to say ---- sth. spring to my lips /
I think of sth ---- sth. surge into my mind
We begin to know --- Sth. put sb. in touch with
Sth. be exposed to sb.
Sb. get access to doing sth.
I agree with sb.----- I agree with sb, saying that… (不要只会表达观点，学会细化)
sb don’t know ---- Sb. has the faintest idea 丝毫不知道
sth become worse and worse --- sth snowball into the trouble

其它句型：
It is something more than a 后跟对事件定性的名词：failure, success, change, reform…
It is not surprisingly to say… 。。。并不惊讶(肯定某个观点)

It means that... / it refers to... / it is described that.../it is characterized by...

The hour /month /moment /year... 引导时间状语从句

因果句先写结果后引出原因，because最好不用在句子的开头

There are three factors accounting for my perspective.

Sth. give sb. a thought-provoking question. 某事提出了一个引人深思的问题

责任/负担/任务等落在某人身上：…rest on sb.
The responsibility for the education of children rests on the parents as well as schools.

用于提出建议、解决问题、谈谈未来发展的方向
seek to do sth. 致力于/力图于…

三、话题词汇
人物外表
Build: stocky壮 slim纤细 skinny瘦骨嶙峋 plump well-built结实
of average build thin瘦削
Face： round oval鹅蛋脸 square with wrinkles带皱纹
Complexion肤色：fair白 dark rosy cheeks白里透红 pale sun-tanned小麦色
Facial feature：high cheek-bond flat/pointed nose high /narrow forehead bushy eyebrows
Hair: ponytail马尾 fringe刘海 side-parting偏分
Cloth： v/round-neck pullover 套头 jerseys紧身毛衣
Style: casual shabby邋遢 neat and tidy

人物身份：
household names家喻户晓的名人
revolutionary martyrs 革命烈士
great statesmen 政治家
influential politician 政客
corrupt official 腐败官员
preschool kids学龄前儿童
city resident 城市居民

地界表达：
farmhouse restaurant 农家乐
Roaring thoroughfare 喧闹的大街
field of letters 文学界
intellectual circles 知识界
human community 人类社会
densely-populated area 人口密集区
heavy flow of traffic 车流量大
flow of cars and buses 车水马龙
densely-populated area 人口密集区
metropolitan city 大都市
the city of form and rules 布局合理、井然有序的城市
urban life 城镇生活
rural area 农村地区

家庭和人际：
devoted, loving son 孝敬的儿子；
parental advice 父母的教诲
devoted friends 挚友
well-connected 人脉广泛

综英教材写作词汇整理第二部
一． 词的替换：(按字母顺序)
according to………………………….. in proportion to根据
advantage------------- virtue----- /beauty/strength
at once……………………. promptly
bad………………………….. bring…to ruin
eg: bring years of my efforts to ruins. 把我多年的努力化为了泡影
become, change into…………………….develop into演变成为（带有过程）
be popular -----------catch on
challenging--------------------difficult 有时候因为只要是困难的就可以说是有挑战性的
consider ------------deem
continuous-------------------------in an endless stream
convenient……………… with a convenience
different kinds of ……………………………….a variety of
disappear…………………………………… fade away
disobey-----------------------------------------------------violate(违背)
dissatisfied ----------------------------discontented-------
especially…………………………….in particular
forever……………… eternal
from time to time ---------occasionally
great -------------------------considerable
group…………………………………… community
have(表拥有时)……………………..possess
have an effect on………………………….have a definite influence on sb / exert … (adj.) influence on
habit(n.)--------------------------------------------------habitual(adj.)/customary
have bad effect on……………………….work invisible harm on…
help ---------------------------assistance
however用于开头…………………………….nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast, while, whereas,
impossible…………….there is no question of (sb ) doing sth不可能做……，再也不会有……
in any situation……………………………..on any account
in this situation………………….in this case, on this account/this state of affairs
it doesn’t mean that………………it is not one’s contention that
learn ……………………………… acquire
look high upon------------------------ prize/ value
look down upon………….be indifferent to 对……漠然，one’s indifference to
underestimate/undervalue低估
lonely----------------------------------------------solitary
make sure …..see to it that …
meaningless-------futile无用的
modern/ real life, modern/real society-----------------------------affluent life/society现代生活
more and more…………………………….. growing, increasingly, obviously ---------------transparently- 显然的
most of the time-----------------through much of the year
often, mostly……………………….. for the most part
partly…………………………….in part
plants………………………vegetation植被
pollution --------------contamination
poor families…………… low-income families
quickly, easily………………with a speed and ease
remember------------------commit sth. to memory
have a clear memory of sth
second/ third ………………………………………. another …(way/measure/factor/point) is that…
serious ---------------- acute, harsh
situation…………………………….the state of affairs形势，状况, occasion,
so …that ……………………………. so/such…as to 如此……以至于……
so… that --------------------------------------such that
take action immediately……………..take a prompt/an immediate action
thank……………be grateful for, be appreciate
try to …………………… endeavor to, make attempt/effort to， intend to
use---------------------------------- employ
very…………………….. much too, far too, unquestionably, definitely, absolutely, exceptionally, fundamentally, basically, utterly, thoroughly, totally, significantly
very+负面形容词………………………………….be sick with
unutterably难以言表的(公认的万能词)
understand --------------------------- make of
useless……………………………futile, invalid
want to………………………. by choice自愿, out of choice, deliberately, by design, intend to
will do……………..be likely to, be able to, be more likely to
worse and worse…………deteriorate(用于身体、世态、形势、环境等恶化)(名词形式:deterioration) 或者catch up in an endless spiral陷入死循环

表示生气的n. 表示生气的adj.
Indignation-------------------------------------------------indignant
Anger------------------------------------- ------------------angry
Fury---------------------------------------------------------furious
Wrath
Rage(--------------------------------------------------raging/rageful)

二、句型替换
When…. -----------------------------in the event of…(但是后面只能跟名词)
Generally ------------------ in its broad sense (从广义上说)
Be important ------------------------- be given equal weight
Sth is over------------------------ sth is brought to a close
Sth is dangerous ------------------- sb takes the risk of doing….
sth is useful…………………. There was some point to… 某东西有用
It doesn’t mean that-------------------------- It is not one’s contention that…我并不是说…

1、表达对某个背景的回忆，可用于开头做引子：
It has ever occurred to people that…/ It has ever dawned on sb that… 曾想过，曾发生过
2、表达记得什么：
I have clear memories of…
表某物曾出现过现在还记得：
survive in one’s mind
3、结论性总结句：
This is what sth is really about…这就是……的……所在
4、用于结尾预示坏结果：sound the alarm敲响警钟
5、用于励志文章：
model for 为……做（好）榜样
6、描述新技术、新思想、个人成长成熟等有发展过程的，用于结尾表展望：
It takes… (time) to do
7、表达某东西很重要：
be at the heart of… 是……的核心
8、情绪低落和高涨的表达：
feel low/ high emotionally, feel down, feel distressed, feel depressed, be in blue
9、将people 具体化：
peers(同龄人) , the public(大众), the common people(普通人), the+ adj.等
11、适用于政治上：
lay an exclusive claim to 拥有，对……有主权
13、承上启下句：
Opinions among us are divided.
Opinions (to…) are divided.
Opinions vary greatly (from person to person)…
This is not true ------------- this is seldom the case, however.
14、sth replace B---------------------------------sth give way to B
16、all people agree…………………………………….. this is a consensus
16、The road to…is paved with … 通往…的道路是由… 铺成的
There has been a growing concern over….------------------------开头现象句

三、话题词汇
就业话题：
governmental position公务员，get re-employed再就业，laid-off workers下岗工人

社会话题：
area of poverty 贫穷地区，poverty-striken area特别贫穷地区
narrow the gap between rich and poor缩小贫富差距，
low carbon life低碳生活，
ethical values 道德体系
private property tax/personal income tax 个人所得税
extended family 大家庭
aging 老龄化：
表现：reduction of death rate; decrease of birth rate
政策：one-child policy/ birth control policy/ family planning policy
the burden for the working labor 劳动人口负担
fundamental construction 基础建设
the system of medical guarantee 医疗保障制度
medical insurance 医保
social assistance aid 社会救助
处理原则：sustainable development 可持续发展
Apartheid 种族歧视
Segregation 种族隔离

时间表达：
years ago 几年前 three decades ago 几十年前 模糊年代表达法
stretch up from time long gone 从古到今
In the early of…； at the end of…; in the latter half of… …的后半叶

环境污染：
alarmist 危言耸听者
at the expense of 以…为代价
sustainable grows 可持续的
far-sighted 远见
give us a timely alarming 给我们一个及时的警告
噪音的危害：
hearing less lack of sleep irritability(烦躁) heartburn(心慌) indigestion (消化不良) high blood pressure heart disease
deforestation 森林破坏
Acid rain 酸雨
desert vacation 沙漠化
soil acidification 土壤酸化-------edaphon
overfish 过渡渔猎

从无到有
开始
Begin, start, begin with, spring, start up, set off on, break out, strike up, originate from,;
Initiate, launch, originate, sprout; unfold; unleash
outset, onset,
Rudimentary, elementary,
出现
Appear, appear to be, emerge, arise, loom, turn out, show up, com out, come into sight/view, come forth
发生
Happen, occur, take place, come about,
Happening occurrence

产生,创造
create, produce, bring about, yield, give birth to, bear, bring into being, generate, beget，germinate;
Invent, innovate, renovate, plan, design, imagine, conceive, devise, formulate, imagine, envision,
建立
Found, set, built up, construct, institute, constitute, set up, establish
制造,组成
Make, make up, produce, construct, turn out, manufacture, form, shape, compose, compile, concoct, fabricate
生长壮大

复制,繁殖58
Copy, duplicate, reproduce, multiply.
发育，发展
Grow, develop, breed, bring up, nurture, cultivate, hone, raise, foster, (主动)
Develop, advance, progress, move forward, go forward, proceed（自我成长）
Burgeon, flourish, thrive, bloom, blossom, boom, prosper;
保持，延续
Continue, last, carry on, keep on, keep, remain maintain retain
Perpetuate,
Persevere, stick with, insist on, persist in,
Continuous, incessant, permanent, constant, steady, unbroken, perpetual, everlasting, eternal, lasting, unending, uninterrupted, undying, immortal, invariable,
存在,生存
Exist， found, stand, lay in, be rooted in，be embedded in,
Substance, matter, object, material, stuff, things, entity,
individual, creature, beings,
Topic, subject, issue, theme, gist, item, content, point,
Extant, existing, in existence, substantive, ubiquitous, omnipresent, universal,
survive，outlive，outlast, remain alive，
Endure, undergo,
从有到无
结束，停止53
stop，finish, be over, cease, discontinue, wind up, bring to an end(close, halt), end，come to an end, end up, terminate，quench，quell，run out, expire, conclude
adjourn/dissolve/lull/subvert,abortaive,
Surcease, cessation,
impasse, deadlock, logjam, stalemate,
Ultimate, final, eventual,
Abeyance, suspend, interruption, brake, halt, pause,
死亡,毁灭
Perish, annihilate, kill, exterminate, take life, slay, hatchet, slaughter, assassinate, famish, smother, throttle, strangle, stifle, decimate,
Die, pass away, perish, expire, run out,
decease, death, demise, 　
Defunct, moribund, dying,
Fatal, formidable, deadly, fatality.

取消,废除550
Cancel,  annul,　call off, do away with,
Abolish, desuetude, disuse, abandon, repeal, revoke, invalidate, rescind, nullify
Obsolete, out of date, outmoded, out of fashion, old-fashioned,
除去551
Remove，erase，delete, extinguish, exterminate, eliminate, eradicate, extirpate, efface，clear away, throw away, do away with, wipe out, get rid of , rule out,
Obliterate, expurgate, expunge, purify, purge,
破