浅议当代大学生的投资理财行为.docx

　　当今学生进行投资理财行为无非是出于两个理由：第一，增加自己的经济收入；第二，将其作为一种娱乐活动或学习行为。但就目前大学生的投资理财行为看来，其中还暴露着诸多的问题，存在理财不合理，投资不科学等问题，并已逐渐地掩盖了其投资理财行为的优势。

　　一、当代大学生投资理财行为中暴露的问题分析

　　当代大学生投资理财行为暴露的问题主要分为消费问题和理财问题，下文将从这两个方面对其中存在的问题进行分析。

　　（一）消费问题

　　大学生的理财行为主要就是对自己的资金、消费进行规划，良好的理财习惯能够帮助大学生养成勤俭节约、合理消费的消费观念。但是，目前大学生的理财行为主要表现为“月初是富人，中旬是平民，月末是乞丐”理财规律。其主要存在的问题包括：

　　1.资金收入单一。当代大学生的资金收入大致可以分为家庭收入、奖学金收入、兼职收入三个部分，其中家庭收入占总收入的比例最大，也是最重要的收入，只有少部分的学生拥有奖学金收入和兼职收入，家庭条件的差距则成为了大学生消费差距的最大原因。

　　2.消费不理性。大学生消费不理性主要表现为消费结构不合理。当前，大学生的月消费波动大概在400―1200之间，当然还存在更高消费，但属于个别现象，这里主要讨论普遍现象。在消费结构中，饮食消费主要占据百分之五十到六十左右，部分月支出较少的饮食消费占据百分之七十到八十左右，服装、娱乐、电子产品的消费在各项消费中排行第二，学习消费占据总消费的比例几乎是最少的。大学生消费结构的变动主要受家庭原因、性别原因的影响。家庭富裕的学生，饮食消费基本与娱乐、电子产品消费持平，家庭较为贫困的学生，饮食消费一般都高达总消费的百分之七十以上。相对男性学生来说，女性学生的服饰消费普遍较高。学生在理财过程中很难控制自己的消费欲望，容易受到身边其它同学的影响，甚至出现了负债等现象，资金收入也是非常缺乏。

　　3.消费无计划。在当今的大学校园中，能够有计划、有目的的进行消费的人几乎只占据了总人数的两层左右，大部分的学生都是随意地进行消费。大学生消费容易受到周边消费环境、同学以及自身心理素质的影响。喜欢与同学攀比，抵制不住同学的语言诱导，习惯看见便宜点的东西就买，并不考虑是否对自己有用，等等，众多情况都有可能发生。大学生在月初的时候出手都非常的阔绰，导致自己在中旬、月底没有足够的资金支持自己生活，甚至于借钱度日。而能够做到理性消费，计划消费的人群大部分都是家庭比较拮据的学生。

　　（二）理财问题分析

　　1.缺乏合理的理财规划。很多的大学生在消费时候不注意，认为东西便宜，多买几样应该不贵，致使消费太多。对金钱没有一个正确的价值概念，结果每当月底算消费、算结余的时候，都会出现钱不对账的现象，他们并不觉得自己的消费会那么高，而且认为自己已经在尽量的克制消费了。究其原因还是在于大学生缺乏合理的理财规划，对收入和支出没有计划，更不用提记账理财了。

　　2.缺乏投资理财知识。真正意义上的投资理财是指投资者对资金的债券、基金、储蓄等进行规划调整，以达到保值或加速增值的目的。首先来讲，能够通过投资理财达到保值的大学生已经是微乎其微了，在很多大学生的眼里，几乎只存在消费，不存在收入。另外，当代的大学生中了解基金、股票、债券的人也是非常的少，所以，他们的收入结构是非常的单一的，而唯一的理财方式就是对自己的消费进行管理，进入到投资市场之后，缺乏胆量和耐心，常常是抱着试一试、玩一玩的态度或者见好就收，有一部分学生也是三分钟热度，刚开始饱含激情，后来也就无暇顾及了。

　　二、当代大学生投资理财行为分析

　　下文将从投资理财特殊性、重要性和投资理财建议三个方面对大学生的投资理财行为进行分析，帮助大学生建立正确的消费观念和理财观念。

　　（一）当代大学生投资理财行为特殊性分析

　　当代大学生是投资理财市场中一群较为特殊的群体，首先来说，他们的资金收入问题，除了奖学金、兼职收入，家庭收入是非常稳定的，且是收入中的主要来源，这也表现出了当代大学生缺乏经济独立性；其次，大学生是知识群体，与社会中的投资理财群体相比，知识水平更高，知识结构较为完善，加上自己的资金来源有限，因此，其对于投资理财产品更具好奇心；第三，大学生毕竟还是以学习为主要任务，他们对于投资理财市场的了解非常少，也少有时间针对这块进行专业的学习，而在市场当中，也比较缺少适用于大学生的投资理财产品，几乎都是资金投入较大，风险性也较大的产品。

　　（二）大学生投资理财的重要性分析

　　大学生投资理财的重要性主要表现在三个方面：第一，增加自己的经济来源，帮助父母减轻家庭负担，这对于工薪阶层和贫困家庭来说，更具重要意义；第二，对于部分家庭较为富裕的学生来说，他们对贫穷二字并没有什么概念，也没有尝试过贫穷的生活，使得他们对金钱没有一个正确的认识，肆意挥霍、炫富、攀比已经成为生活中的常态，投资理财有赢有损，能够让他们感受到赚钱不易，并帮助他们树立正确的理财观念和金钱观念；第三，则是帮助大学生尽快地了解社会经济情况，融入经济市场，对以后的就业理财都有帮助。

　　（三）对大学生投资理财的建议

　　1.加深对市场投资理财产品的了解

　　2.树立风险意识和理财意识

　　3.父母配合并帮助大学生进行投资理财

　　4.规划消费、计划消费，避免盲目、随意消费

　　5.树立投资观念，稳保资产增值

　　6.调整心理素质，做好打投资理财持久战的准备，切记急于求成、三分钟热度，不要担心亏损失败。

　　三、结束语

大学生投资理财行为已经逐渐地成为了大学校园的新风尚。虽然，还有大部分的大学生没有加入到这一行列当中，但未来，他们会逐渐地意识到投资理财的重要性和积极意义，学校、家长、国家和社会则需要帮助他们营造一个良好的投资理财环境。

Today's students in finance and investment behavior is for two reasons: first, to increase their economic income; Second, as a kind of entertainment or learning behavior. But in finance and investment behavior of college students, it seems, it also exposed a lot of problems, there are financial management, unreasonable investment is not scientific, and has gradually belies its advantages of finance and investment behavior.
First, contemporary college students problems exposed in the finance and investment behavior analysis
Contemporary college students' behavior exposed problems in investment and financing problems and financial problems, mainly divides into consumption below will be taken from the two aspects of the analysis of existing problems.
(a) consumption
Financial behavior of college students is mainly to plan their own money, consumption, good financial habits can help students develop a thrifty consumption idea, rational consumption. However, the financing behavior of college students mainly for "early is wealthy, is the middle of civilians, end of the month is a beggar" finance law. The main problems include:
1. A single money income. Contemporary college students can be roughly divided into household income, capital income scholarship income, part-time income of three parts, including family income accounted for the proportion of total revenue, the largest and most important income, only a few of the students with scholarships and part-time revenue, the gap between domestic condition became the biggest cause of college students' consumption gap.
2. Consumption is not rational. College students' consumption irrational mainly for consumption structure is not reasonable. At present, the college students' consumption fluctuates around in between 400-1200, of course, there is a higher consumption, but belong to the individual phenomenon, this phenomenon are discussed. In the consumption structure, diet mainly account for fifty percent to around 60, part of the monthly spending less food consumption account for seventy percent to around $eighty, clothing, entertainment, consumption of electronic products in the ranking second in consumption, the study also consumes the proportion of the total consumption is almost at least. College students' consumption structure changes of family reasons, gender, main reason. Students whose families are rich food consumption in line with entertainment, consumer electronic products, household poorer students, food consumption is generally up to more than seventy percent of the total consumption. Relative to male students, female students' clothing consumption is generally high. Students in the process of financial management is difficult to control their consumption desire, easily affected by other students around, even appeared the phenomenon such as debt, is also very lack of money income.
3. The unplanned consumption. In today's university campus, can carry on the consumption of planned and purposeful person almost account for only about two layers of the total, most of the students are to spend freely. College students' consumption vulnerable to surrounding environment, students and the influence of their psychological quality. Like to compare with classmates, can not resist the induction of the classmate, used to see something cheaper to buy, do not consider whether useful for them, and so on, many are likely. College students at the time of early shots are very rich, lead to himself in the middle, end of the month, not enough money to support their life even borrowing money. And can make rational consumption, plan on spending most of the population are families are more poor students.
(2) the financial management problem analysis
1. The lack of a reasonable financial planning. Many college students do not pay attention to, when consumer think something cheap, buy a few sample should not be more expensive, which consume too much. Without a correct concept of value for money, the result whenever calculate consumption, calculate the balance at the end of, will appear the money is not the phenomenon of reconciliation, they don't feel like spending will be high, and that he is in the restraint of spending as much as possible. The reason lies in college students' lack of reasonable financial planning, no plan to income and expenditure, not to mention the finance charge to an account.
2. Lack of knowledge in financial investment. In the true sense refers to the bond investors for funds in financial investment, fund, saving for planning adjustment, in order to achieve the purpose of maintenance or accelerated appreciation. First of all, to be able to achieve value of college students through finance and investment is little, in the eyes of many college students, almost only exist consumption, there is no income. In addition, the contemporary college students to know the people in funds, stocks, bonds is very less, so their income structure is very single, and the only way of financial management is to manage their own consumption, after entering to the investment market, the lack of courage, and patience are often hold try attitude, play or too close, some students also is three minutes heat, first passion, later is busy.
Second, the contemporary college students' behavior in financial investment analysis
Below the particularity and importance in financial investment from the financial advice and investment from three aspects analyze the finance and investment behavior of college students, help students establish a correct concept of consumption and the concept of financial management.
(1) of contemporary college students particularity analysis of finance and investment behavior
Contemporary college students is to invest in a financial market is a special group, first of all, their income problem of funds, in addition to the scholarship and part-time income, household income is very stable, and is the main source of income, it also showed the contemporary college students lack of economic independence, Secondly, college students the knowledge group, compared with investment banking groups in society, higher levels of knowledge, the knowledge structure is relatively perfect, combined with their own source of funds is limited, therefore, finance and investment for its products more curiosity; Third, college students are taking learning as the main task, after all they know very little about finance and investment market and have little time for the professional study, and in the market, is also a lack of suitable for college students of finance and investment products, are almost all money into larger, risk is bigger also.
(2) college students the importance of finance and investment analysis
College students the importance of finance and investment is mainly embodied in three aspects: first, to increase their economic sources, to help parents reduce burden of the family, for the working class and poor families, a more important meaning; Second, for part of the family wealthier students, they are for the poor and the word was no concept, nor tried to poor life, they don't have a correct understanding of money, profligacy, flaunt wealth, has become the norm in life, finance and investment have win damage, can let them feel the money is not easy, and help them establish a correct concept of financial management concepts and money; Third, is to help students understand the social and economic situation, as soon as possible into the market economy, finance has to help with future employment.
(3) the finance and investment advice for college students
1. To deepen understanding of market investment products
2. Set up the risk awareness and financial awareness
3. Parents to cooperate and help college students to finance and investment
4. Planning, planning, consumption, avoid blindly, discretionary
5. Establish the investment idea, protect assets value
6. Adjust the psychological quality, ready to play long haul in investment and financing, remember that the promos, three minutes heat, don't worry about the loss of failure.
Third, the conclusion
College students' finance and investment behavior has gradually become the fashion of the university campus. Though, and most of the college students not to join the ranks, but in the future, they will gradually realize the importance of finance and investment and positive meaning, schools, parents, state and society need to help them to build a good investment environment.