加音标逐词英汉对照解析.docx

P288至P294 第26.英国诗人杰拉德•曼利•霍普金斯《简介》加音标逐词英译汉解析作者：13级英语教育2班的吴艳娟

学校: 琼州学院
学院：应用科技学院
班级：13级英语教育（2）班
姓名: 吴艳娟
职务：纪律委员
课程：英语诗歌欣赏教程
学号: 13131066
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26. Gerard Manley Hopkins
杰拉德•曼利•霍普金斯
Gerard Manley Hopkins(杰拉德·曼利·霍普金斯，1844-1889) was born into a large and very religious English family.
1.religious [rɪ'lɪdʒəs]  n. 修道士；尼姑 adj. 宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；修道的 杰拉德•曼利•霍普金斯生于一个大而非常虔诚的英国家庭。 He was often unhappy while attending the Highgate School in northwest London. 当他在伦敦西北部的海格特学校上学的时候他经常性的不开心。 In 1863 he went to study classics at Oxford University, and there his brilliant intellect and imagination began to flower.
2.brilliant  英['brɪlj(ə)nt] 美 ['brɪljənt]  adj. 灿烂的，闪耀的；杰出的；有才气的；精彩的，绝妙的
3. intellect    英 ['ɪntəlekt]  美 ['ɪntəlɛkt] 
n. 智力，理解力；知识分子；思维逻辑领悟力；智力高的人 在1863年的时候他去牛津大学学习文学经典，并且在那里他杰出的智慧和想象力开始开花。 He was a student of Walter pater, the eloquent late-Victorian spokesman for artistic experience as the only stable source of value in the modern world. 4.eloquent   英 ['eləkwənt]  美 ['ɛləkwənt]  adj. 意味深长的；雄辩的，有口才的；有说服力的；动人的5.artistic  英 [ɑː'tɪstɪk]  美 [ɑr'tɪstɪk]  adj. 艺术的；风雅的；有美感的
6. stable  英 ['steɪb(ə)l]  美 ['stebl]  n. 马厩；牛棚adj. 稳定的；牢固的；坚定的 vi. 被关在马厩 vt. 赶入马房n. (Stable)人名；(英)斯特布尔
7. source    英 [sɔːs]  美 [sɔrs]  n. 来源；水源；原始资料n. (Source)人名；(法)苏尔斯 他是维多利亚晚期作家沃特·佩特的一位学生，侃侃而谈的维多利亚后期的艺术经验的发言人是现代世界唯一稳定的价值来源。 And he was influenced by the Oxford movement, which sought to revive the ritualistic and dogmatic traditions of the Church of England.8. sought   英 [sɔːt]  美 [sɔt]  v. 寻找（seek的过去式和过去分词） 9. revive    英 [rɪ'vaɪv]  美 [rɪ'vaɪv]  vi. 复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神 vt. 使复兴；使苏醒；回想起；重演，重播10. ritualistic    美 [,rɪtʃuə'lɪstɪk]  adj. 仪式的；固守仪式的；惯例的11. dogmatic   英 [dɒg'mætɪk]  美 [dɔɡ'mætɪk]  adj. 教条的；武断的他受牛津运动的影响，它试图恢复的仪式和教条的英国国教的传统。 The original leader of the Oxford movement, John Henry Newman, had left the church of England in 1845 to become a Roman Catholic.
12. original   英 [ə'rɪdʒɪn(ə)l; ɒ-]  美 [ə'rɪdʒənl]  n. 原件；原作；原物；原型adj. 原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的
13. Catholic    美 ['kæθlɪk]  adj. 天主教的；宽宏大量的n. 天主教徒；罗马天主教
牛津运动的原始领袖，约翰·亨利·纽曼，在1845年离开英国的教会成为罗马天主教徒。 After a period of deep religious turmoil, Hopkins himself, under Newman’s sponsorship, joined the Catholic Church in 1866.经过一段时期的深刻的宗教动荡，霍普金斯本人，在纽曼的赞助下，在1866年加入了天主教。
14. turmoil    英 ['tɜːmɒɪl]  美 ['tɝmɔɪl]  n. 混乱，骚动
15. sponsorship    英 ['spɒnsəʃɪp]  美 ['spɑnsɚʃɪp]  
n. 赞助；发起；保证人的地位；教父母身份

In 1868 he entered the Society of Jesus, one of the most intellectually demanding and disciplined orders of the Church. 16. Jesus [英] [ˈdʒi:zəs] [美] [ˈdʒizəs]
n.耶稣;杰西（男子名）;[电影]耶稣传; int.天哪;
17. disciplined [英]['dɪsɪplɪnd][美][ˈdɪsəplɪnd] adj.受过训练的;遵守纪律的; v.训练(discipline的过去式和过去分词);使有纪律; 在1868年他进入了耶稣学派，教会中最理想的要求和严格的命令之一。 Before becoming a Jesuit, Hopkins burned all the poems he had written up to that time, feeling that his artistic interests were incompatible with strict devotion to his religious obligation.
18.incompatible[英][ˌInkəmˈpætəbl][美][ˌInkəmˈpætəbəl] adj.不相容;矛盾，不能同时成立的;（与某物）不匹配;[医]配伍禁忌的;
19.devotion[英][dɪˈvəʊʃn] [美][dɪˈvoʊʃn]
n.献身，奉献;忠诚;信仰，祈祷;热爱;
20.obligation[英][ˌɒblIˈgeIʃn][美][ˌɑ:blIˈgeIʃn]
n.债务;义务，责任;证券，契约;恩惠; 在成为耶稣会会士之前，在那段时期霍普金斯把他写的所有的诗都烧掉了，感觉他的艺术利益与他的宗教义务是不相容的。 He did not begin to write poetry again until 1875 or 1876, and even then he resisted his friend’s suggestion that he publish at least some of his work. 直到1875或1876年，他才再一次开始写诗，甚至在那时，他也不反对他的朋友的建议，他至少出版了一些作品。In 1877 he became an ordained priest and served in a number of parishes, including one in a depressing working class district of Liverpool. 21.priest[英][pri:st][美][prist ] n.神父,牧师;司铎，司祭;领导者;神甫; vt. 使成为神职人员;
22.parish[英][ˈpærɪʃ][美]['pærɪʃ] n.教区以下的地方行政区;（英国）郡以下的行政区;复数：parishes
23. district[英][ˈdɪstrɪkt][美][ˈdɪstrɪkt]
n.地区;教区;美（各州众议员）选举区;行政区，市区;
vt.把…分区;
24. Liverpool[英][ˈlIvəˌpu:l][美][ˈlIvɚˌpul]n.利物浦;
在1877年他刚被任命为牧师，曾在多个教区，包括一个令人沮丧的工作区-利物浦。 In 1884 he was appointed Professor of Classics at University College, Dublin. 25.appointed[英][ə'pɔɪntɪd] [美][ə'pɔɪntɪd]
adj.指定的，约定的;v.约定;任命( appoint的过去式和过去分词 );确定;安排; 在1884年，他被任命为都柏林大学的经典教授。Hopkins died in Dublin of typhoid fever in 1889. 26. typhoid[英][ˈtaIfɔId][美][ˈtaIˌfɔId]n.伤寒; adj.<医>伤寒的，患伤寒的;在1889年，霍普金斯在都柏林死于伤寒发热。 His poems were finally published in 1918 by his close friend, the poet Robert Bridges.他的诗歌最后在1918年由他最亲密的朋友诗人罗伯特·布里奇斯发表。

Although not widely read or appreciated until the 20th century, Hopkins is in many respects a deeply characteristic Victorian writer. 27.characteristic [英][ˌkærəktəˈrIstIk] [美][ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk] adj.特有的;独特的;表示特性的;显示…的特征的; n.特性，特征，特色，[数]（对数的）首数;独特性;性质;虽然没有被广泛阅读或欣赏，直到第二十世纪，霍普金斯是在许多方面，一个深为特色的维多利亚时代的作家。 He is, to be sure, a remarkable experimenter and innovator in the rhythm, vocabulary, and formal arrangements of English verse.
28. remarkable[英][rɪˈmɑ:kəbl] [美][rɪˈmɑ:rkəbl]
adj.显著的;卓越的;异常的，引人注目的，非凡的，非常（好）的; 最高级：most remarkable比较级：more remarkable
29. experimenter[英][ɪk'sperɪməntə(r)]
[美][ɪk'sperɪməntə(r)] n.实验者; 
30. innovator[英]['ɪnəveɪtə(r)][美][ ˈɪnəˌvetɚ]
n.创新者;改革者; 31. rhythm[英][ˈrɪðəm][美][ˈrɪðəm] 复数：rhythms n.[诗]节奏，韵律;[医]节律，规律[乐]节拍;[艺]调和; 32. formal[英][ˈfɔ:ml][美][ˈfɔ:rml]
adj.（学校教育或培训）正规的;方式上的;礼仪上的; 
n.<美>须穿礼服的社交集会;<口>夜礼服;
33.arrangements[英][ə'rendʒmənts] [美][ə'rendʒmənts]
n.安排( arrangement的名词复数 );布置好的东西;约定;安排方式; 34.verse[英][vɜ:s][美][vɜ:rs] n.诗篇;诗，韵文;诗节，诗行;圣经中的节;v.作诗或从事于作诗;使熟练或者精通;当然是他，一个显著的实验者和创新者的节奏，词汇，和英语诗歌形式的安排。 As much as any other Victorian poet, including Browning, Hopkins has influenced the direction of modern English and American poetry. 35.direction[英][dəˈrekʃn][美][dIˈrɛkʃən, daI-] n.方向;趋势;方面;用法说明;正如任何其他维多利亚时代的诗人，包括褐化，霍普金斯影响了现代英语和美国诗歌的方向。 Yet in his expressions of intense spiritual anxiety and in his passionate devotion to the unique particularized beauty of the natural world, he is very much a 19th century poet.
36.intense[英][ɪnˈtens][美][ɪnˈtɛns]
adj.热情的，强烈的，紧张的;热烈的，热情的，认真的;[摄]（底片）明暗度强的;有强烈感情（或意见、想法）的;
37.spiritual[英][ˈspIrItʃuəl][美][ˈspIrItʃuəl]
adj.精神的;心灵的;高尚的，崇高的宗教的; n.圣歌（尤指美国南部黑人的）;教会事物; 
38. anxiety[英][æŋˈzaɪəti][美] [æŋˈzaɪɪti]
n.焦虑，忧虑;切望，渴望;令人焦虑的事;挂念;
39.passionate[英][ˈpæʃənət][美][ˈpæʃənɪt]
adj.激昂的;热烈的;易怒的;易被情欲所支配的;然而，在他的强烈的精神焦虑的表情和他独特的特殊的美丽自然世界的热情，他是一个非常第十九世纪的诗人。 To read Hopkins well, we must learn to value the Victorian dimension of his writing as well as its advanced, forward-looking modernity.
40.dimension [英][daIˈmenʃn] [美][dIˈmɛnʃən, daI-]
n.尺寸;[复]面积，范围;[物]量纲;[数]次元，度，维; 
adj.（石料，木材）切成特定尺寸的; vt.把…刨成（或削成）所需尺寸;标出尺寸;
41. modernity [英][məˈdɜ:nəti] [美][məˈdɜ:rnəti] n.现代性;要读霍普金斯，我们必须学习到价值的维多利亚时代的他的写作，以及其先进的，前瞻性的现代性。

The Windhover1 风鹰
The central image of the poem is a falcon in flight. 1. Falcon [英][ˈfɔ:lkən] [美][ˈfælkən]
n.猎鹰;复数：falcons这首诗的中心意象是一只鹰在飞翔。 Hopkins first introduces that the falcon makes him aware of Christ’s power and glory in spite of its humility, and then he concludes the poem with the implication of the martyrdom of Christ.
2. glory[英][ˈglɔ:ri][美][ˈɡlɔri, ˈɡlori]
n.光荣，荣誉;壮观，壮丽;（对上帝的）赞颂;非常美的事物; vi.得意，自豪; 骄傲;
3.humility [英][hju:ˈmIləti] [美] [hjuˈmIlIti]
n.谦逊，谦恭;谦让的行为;谦虚谨慎;
4. implication [英][ˌImplIˈkeIʃn] [美][ˌImplIˈkeʃən]
n.含义;含蓄，含意，言外之意;卷入，牵连，牵涉，纠缠; [逻辑学]蕴涵，蕴含; 复数：implications 
5. martyrdom [英][ˈmɑ:tədəm] [美][ˈmɑ:rtərdəm]
n.殉难，殉道; 霍普金斯首先介绍了“猎鹰”使他意识到尽管在其谦卑的基督的荣耀和力量，然后他总结了基督受难的意义的诗。 The falcon is the symbol of Christ whose majesty and grandeur are displayed by various ways in this poem like language, color images and sound effects. It is a religious poem on the whole.
6. majesty[英][ˈmædʒəsti][美][ˈmædʒɪsti] n.主权，统治权;陛下，王权;庄严，雄伟;光轮中的耶稣（圣母、上帝）圣像;
7.grandeur[英][ˈgrændʒə(r)][美][ˈɡrændʒɚ, -ˌdʒʊr]
n.伟大;富丽堂皇;宏伟，壮观; 
8. displayed [英][dɪsp'leɪd] [美][dɪsp'leɪd] v.陈列;显示( display的过去式和过去分词 );张开;泄露;
9. various [英][ˈveəriəs] [美][ˈveriəs]
adj.各种各样的;多方面的;许多的;各个的，个别的;
“鹰”是基督的象征，在这首诗中，像语言、彩色图像和声音效果都是这样的，它们在这首诗中表现出来的庄严和庄严。这是一个宗教诗的整体。

To Christ our Lord
献给我主基督
I caught this morning morning’s minion2, king-
清晨，在日光王子的国度，我看到，
Dom of daylight’s dauphin3, dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon, in his riding
那黎明的宠儿，直面斑斓彩霞的风鹰，
Of the rolling level underneath him steady air, and striding
跨着滚滚劲风，羽翅甩动着缰绳，
High there, how he rung upon the rein4 of a wimpling5 wing
于狂喜中，尽兴盘升，纵情驰聘，
In his ecstasy! Then off, off forth on swing,
尔后，它振翅冲向天际，隐没在远方。
As a skate’s heel sweeps smooth on a bow-bend: the hurl and gliding
犹如冰刀掠过弯道，它傲对疾风，激升缓降。
Rebuffed the big wind. My heart in hiding
我隐匿着的心不觉为之悸动，
Stirred for a bird, -the achieve of, the mastery of the thing!
为它的胜利，为它那主宰一切的力量。
Brute beauty and valour and act, oh, air, pride, plume, here
雄俊，跷勇，奋动，啊，流云，傲骨，翅膀，
Buckle! 6 AND the fire that breaks from thee then, a billion
在此融为一体！然而，与你骤然分开的火，描述着
Times told lovelier, more dangerous, O my chevalier!7
千百倍美丽，凶悍的你，啊，我高贵的勇将！
No wonder of it: sheer plod makes plough down sillion8
这不足为奇：真正的劳作会使垄间铁梨
Shine, and blue-bleak embers, ah my dear,
闪光发亮，使灰冷的余烬，啊，亲爱的，
Fall, gall9 themselves, and gash gold-vermilion.
1877 1918
散落，绽裂，露出一片猩红金黄。
（王继辉 译）

Notes 注释
1. It is a sonnet written in Italian form rhyming aaaaaaaa bcbcbc. Wildhover: kestrel, a small European hawk noted for hovering in the air. 这是一首十四行诗的形式在意大利aaaaaaaa bcbcbc押韵。wildhover：红隼，一个小的欧洲鹰在空中盘旋。
2. Minion: favorite, darling. 宠物：最喜欢的，亲爱的。
3. Dauphin: a prince who is heir to the French throne.
王子：王子是法国王位的继承人。
4. Rung upon the rein: circled at the end of a rein. 在控制的过程中，在一个控制的末端盘旋。
5. Wimpling: rippling. 掀起涟漪：荡漾
6. Buckle: the verb can be read as imperative or indicative. All three meanings are relevant: to prepare for action, to fasten together, to collapse. 扣：动词可以读作命令或指示。所有这三个含义是相关的：准备行动，以固定在一起，崩溃。
7. Chevalier: knight. 骑士：骑士。
8. Sillion: ridge between two plowed furrows.
硅：两犁沟之间的山脊。
9. Gall: break the surface of. 胆结石：打破表面。

诗歌赏析 poetry appreciation
茶隼是一种体型较小的鹰，因擅长迎风翱翔且姿态优美，又称风鹰。Kestrel is a small eagle, because good and graceful flying upwind, also known as the wind eagle.《风鹰》是霍普金斯宗教抒情诗的代表作，写得流光溢彩，绚丽辉煌。"Wind" Eagle is typical of Hopki religious lyrics, written brilliant, brilliant brilliant.这首诗由意大利十四行诗的形式写成，但是又不受形式的局限。This poem is written in Italy in the form of a sonnet, but not by the form of limited.前八行押“ing”韵，一韵到底，展现了风鹰在空中翱翔的气势；后六行隔行押韵，与诗人变化的心境契合。First eight charge "ing" rhyme, a rhyme exactly, to show the wind eagle flying in the sky with the momentum; six lines interlaced rhyme, and the poet changes of mood fit.

前八行主要描述了风鹰在空中飞行的动态美。The first eight lines mainly describe the dynamic beauty of the wind in the air.风鹰被喻为日光王国的太子，他庄严、高贵、“骑着”（riding, 第2行）身下滚滚的大气层，用翻滚的翅膀做“缰绳”（rein, 第4行），“跨行”（striding，第3行）、盘升，活像一位勇猛的骑士。The Wind Eagle has been hailed as the prince of the kingdom of the sun, he made a solemn, noble, "riding" (riding, the body roll atmosphere, roll the wings "bridle" (rein, 4th row), cross (striding, and line 3), Pan Sheng, like a brave knight.描写风鹰迅疾的飞腾时，绵密的头韵就像一张密密的网让人几乎不能呼吸（第1、2行）；形容风鹰舒缓的翱翔时，又用了一系列的长音和双元音（第6行）。Description of the upsurge of the Wind Eagle swift, dense alliteration is like a piece of thick network people can hardly breathe (1, 2); describe the Wind Eagle hovering soothing, and a series of long vowels and diphthongs (line 6).这些细致的遣词造句以及跨行设计就像风鹰不拘的飞翔，时而急促，时而缓和，充满动感和张力。The careful wording and phrasing and cross design like the Wind Eagle informal flying, sometimes rapidly, sometimes ease, full of movement and tension.在风鹰，这大自然的宠儿面前，诗人自愧弗如，谦卑的灵魂也为之悸动。In front of the Wind Eagle, the poet of nature, beloved soul to be ashamed of one's inferiority, humble throb.

前八行诗人用一个通韵和一系列跨行诗句以及绵密的头韵塑造了风鹰飞翔的气势，后六行一开始诗人又用一连串的单音节词如疾风骤雨般表达了对风鹰的仰慕和赞叹。First eight lines of the poet with a rhyme and a series of interbank lines and dense alliteration shaped flying eagle wind momentum, six lines beginning poet and a series of monosyllabic words such as flurry expressed admiration and praise of the Wind Eagle.然而，从“弯折”（buckle,第10行）开始，语意发生了变化。However, from the "bent" (buckle, tenth), semantic changes.如果说前面的诗行中，风鹰的壮美、雄俊、自由和骄傲暗含了基督的精神和气质，从buckle起，诗人开始直接赞美基督。If say the front lines, the magnificent Eagle wind, Xiong Jun, free and proud implies Christ's spirit and temperament, from the buckle, poets began to direct praise Christ. “弯折”象征着基督的蒙难。风鹰作为自然的统治者，固然气势不凡，然而“我的骑士”（即我主基督）因其历经凶险的自我牺牲精神，更加可爱。"Bent" symbol of Christ's suffering. Eagle wind as the natural ruler, of course, the extraordinary momentum, however, "my knight" (i.e. Christ our Lord) because of its after dangerous spirit of self sacrifice more lovely.单纯的劳作会将铁梨磨光，阴冷的灰烬也会迸出金黄朱红。And The work will be iron pear polished, cold ashes will burst out the golden Zhu Hong.基督的崇高神性在风鹰的雄浑、壮美和耶稣的苦难、隐忍当中得到了完美体现。The divine Christ in the noble eagle, magnificent and powerful wind Jesus's suffering, which was the perfect embodiment of tolerance.
神无处不在；万物都秉承上帝之形象而存在。这就是霍普金斯宗教诗的主旨。God is everywhere; everything is in the image of God. This is the subject of Hopkin's religious poems.

For Study and Discussion 学习与讨论
1. In the first eight lines, how is the speaker affected by his sight of the bird as it hovers and wheels in flight? What does he mean by “My heart in hiding/Stirred for a bird”? 在前八行，说话人如何感受他看到鸟在盘旋，车轮在飞行？他说“我的心在为一只鸟的隐藏/搅动”是什么意思？
2. What is the symbolic meaning of the windhover？
茶隼的象征意义是什么？
3. How do the details of the images suggest both the paradoxical qualities of Christ and the physical appearance of the bird？图片的细节如何表明基督的反常品质和鸟的外貌？

4. Discuss the alliterations used in the poem. Appreciate other sound effects produced in the poem. 讨论诗歌中的头韵。欣赏诗歌中产生的其他声音效果。
5. Compare this poem with Tennyson’s “The Eagle”and Ted Hughes’ “Hawk Roosting”.比较这首诗与丁尼生的“鹰”和休斯的“栖息的鹰”。

Pied beauty1 斑驳之美
The theme of the poem is that the entire universe is God’s glory and reflection. 1. reflection [英][rɪˈflekʃn] [美][rɪˈflɛkʃən]
n.反映; （关于某课题的）思考; （声、光、热等的）反射; 映像;  复数：reflections 这首诗的主题是整个宇宙是上帝的荣耀和反射。Hopkins was a priest who saw God’s hand in all. 2. priest [英][pri:st][美] [prist] n.神父，牧师; 司铎，司祭;
 领导者; 神甫;  vt.使成为神职人员; 霍普金斯是一位牧师，他看见上帝的手。Hopkins begins and ends this poem by directing our attention to the source of the “pied beauty”in the world，that is, God. 霍普金斯开始和结束的这首诗让我们注意到“花之源”的世界，那是，上帝。This is an example of Hopkins’ sprung rhythm. 3. sprung [英][sprʌŋ] [美][sprʌŋ] adj.装有弹簧的，弹簧支撑的; spring 的过去式及过去分词;  v.[口语]花（钱）(for)( spring的过去分词 ); 使（木材等）裂开; 使断裂; 使弯曲; 
4. rhythm [英][ˈrɪðəm] [美][ˈrɪðəm]n.[诗]节奏，韵律; [医]节律，规律; [乐]节拍; [艺]调和;  复数：rhythms
这是霍普金斯的一个例子。Hopkins placed strongly accented syllables against unaccented ones to produce greater tension and emphasis within each line. 5. accented[英] [ˈæksentɪd] adj.带…腔调的；带…口音的; 
6. unaccented [英][ʌnˈæksentɪd][美][ʌnˈæksɛntɪd]
adj.无重音的，不发重音的; 
7. tension [英][ˈtenʃn] [美][ˈtɛnʃən] n.紧张，不安; 紧张气氛; [物]张力，拉力; 矛盾; vt.紧张; 使紧张; 
8. emphasis[英][ˈemfəsɪs][美][ˈɛmfəsɪs] n.强调; 着重; （轮廓、图形等的）鲜明; 突出，重读;  复数：emphases
霍普金斯把重音音节重音的强烈反对在每个线产生更大的张力和重点。

Glory be to God for dappled things-
事物陆离斑驳，光荣归上帝-
For skie