介绍美国职业安全与健康管理局高处作业安全管理规程.pptx

BWC Division of Safety&HygieneOSHA 29 CFR 1926-Subpart MOSHA 29 CFR 1926-Subpart MSafety Standards for Fall Safety Standards for Fall Protection in the Construction Protection in the Construction IndustryIndustryEffective:February 6,1995Effective:February 6,1995BWC Division of Safety&HygieneTotal Construction FatalitiesTotal Construction Fatalities1985-19931985-1993 Falls From Falls FromElevation 33%Elevation 33%Caught Caught In/Between In/Between 18%18%Struck By 22%Struck By 22%Shock 17%Shock 17%Other 10%Other 10%BWC Division of Safety&HygieneFalls From Elevation-Falls From Elevation-BreakdownBreakdownRoof 27%Roof 27%OtherOther 16%16%ScaffoldScaffold 17%17%Steel Steel Erection Erection 10%10%Floor Floor Opening 7%Opening 7%Aerial Lift Aerial Lift Basket 3%Basket 3%Suspended Platform/Suspended Platform/Vehicle 3%Vehicle 3%Concrete Concrete Erection 3%Erection 3%Ladder Ladder 8%8%Open Sided Open Sided Floor 4%Floor 4%BWC Division of Safety&HygieneNumber of Construction Number of Construction Fatalities Due to Falls 1985-1993Fatalities Due to Falls 1985-1993BWC Division of Safety&HygieneAnalysis of Heights For Construction Analysis of Heights For Construction Fatalities Caused by Falls 1985-1993Fatalities Caused by Falls 1985-1993BWC Division of Safety&HygieneConstruction ActivityConstruction Activity%of Total Fatalities 1985-1993%of Total Fatalities 1985-1993Painting,Paper Hanging and Decorations-63%Painting,Paper Hanging and Decorations-63%Plumbing,Heating and Air Conditioning-31%Plumbing,Heating and Air Conditioning-31%Heavy Construction,except Highway&Street-15%Heavy Construction,except Highway&Street-15%Highway and Street,except Elevated Highways-2%Highway and Street,except Elevated Highways-2%Building Construction-Nonresidential-50%Building Construction-Nonresidential-50%Building Construction-Residential-29%Building Construction-Residential-29%BWC Division of Safety&HygieneConstruction ActivityConstruction Activity (Contd)(Contd)%of Total Fatalities 1985-1993%of Total Fatalities 1985-1993 Miscellaneous Special Trade Contractors 47%Miscellaneous Special Trade Contractors 47%Concrete Work 30%Concrete Work 30%Roofing,Siding and Sheet-Metal Work 73%Roofing,Siding and Sheet-Metal Work 73%Carpentry and Floorwork 63%Carpentry and Floorwork 63%Masonry,Stonework,Tile Setting and Plastering 62%Masonry,Stonework,Tile Setting and Plastering 62%Electrical Work 24%Electrical Work 24%BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.500(a)(1)Scope and 1926.500(a)(1)Scope and ApplicationApplicationBWC Division of Safety&HygieneWhos Affected by Subpart M?Whos Affected by Subpart M?EVERYONEEVERYONE EXCEPTEXCEPT:n nEmployees making an inspection.Employees making an inspection.n nEmployees working on scaffolds.Employees working on scaffolds.(Subpart L)(Subpart L)n nEmployees working on stairways and Employees working on stairways and ladders.(Subpart X)ladders.(Subpart X)n nEmployees working on equipment used in Employees working on equipment used in tunneling operations.(Subpart S)tunneling operations.(Subpart S)BWC Division of Safety&HygieneWhos Affected by Subpart M?Whos Affected by Subpart M?EVERYONEEVERYONE EXCEPTEXCEPT:n nEmployees engaged in the construction Employees engaged in the construction of electric transmission,distribution of electric transmission,distribution lines,and equipment.(Subpart V)lines,and equipment.(Subpart V)n nEmployees working on cranes and Employees working on cranes and derricks.(Subpart N)derricks.(Subpart N)n nEmployees performing steel erection Employees performing steel erection work in buildings.(Subpart R)work in buildings.(Subpart R)BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.500(b)Definitions1926.500(b)DefinitionsBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(1)Unprotected Sides 1926.501(b)(1)Unprotected Sides and Edgesand EdgesBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(2)Leading Edges1926.501(b)(2)Leading EdgesBWC Division of Safety&HygieneException:Exception:When the employer When the employer can demonstrate that it can demonstrate that it is infeasible or creates is infeasible or creates a greater hazard to use a greater hazard to use these systems,the these systems,the employer shall employer shall develop and develop and implement a fall implement a fall protection plan.protection plan.BWC Division of Safety&HygieneDefinitionDefinition InfeasibleInfeasible-means that it is impossible to -means that it is impossible to perform the construction work using a perform the construction work using a conventional fall protection system(i.e.,conventional fall protection system(i.e.,guardrail system,safety net system,or guardrail system,safety net system,or personal fall arrest system)or that it is personal fall arrest system)or that it is technologically impossible to use any of technologically impossible to use any of these systems to provide fall protection.these systems to provide fall protection.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(3)Hoist Areas1926.501(b)(3)Hoist AreasBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(4)Holes1926.501(b)(4)HolesBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(5)Formwork and 1926.501(b)(5)Formwork and Reinforcing SteelReinforcing SteelBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(6)Ramps,Runways,and 1926.501(b)(6)Ramps,Runways,and Other WalkwaysOther WalkwaysBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(7)Excavations1926.501(b)(7)ExcavationsBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(8)Dangerous Equipment1926.501(b)(8)Dangerous EquipmentBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(9)Overhand Bricklaying 1926.501(b)(9)Overhand Bricklaying and Related Workand Related WorkBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(10)Roofing Work On 1926.501(b)(10)Roofing Work On Low-Slope Roofs Low-Slope Roofs BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(11)Steep Roofs1926.501(b)(11)Steep RoofsBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(12)Precast Concrete 1926.501(b)(12)Precast Concrete ErectionErectionBWC Division of Safety&HygieneException:Exception:When the employer can When the employer can demonstrate that it is demonstrate that it is infeasible or creates a infeasible or creates a greater hazard to use greater hazard to use these systems,the these systems,the employer shall develop employer shall develop and implement a fall and implement a fall protection plan.protection plan.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(13)Residential 1926.501(b)(13)Residential ConstructionConstructionBWC Division of Safety&HygieneException:Exception:When the employer can When the employer can demonstrate that it is demonstrate that it is infeasible or creates a infeasible or creates a greater hazard to use greater hazard to use these systems,the these systems,the employer shall develop employer shall develop and implement a fall and implement a fall protection plan.protection plan.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(14)Wall Openings1926.501(b)(14)Wall OpeningsBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(15)Walking/Working 1926.501(b)(15)Walking/Working Surfaces Not Otherwise AddressedSurfaces Not Otherwise AddressedBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(c)(1)Protection From 1926.501(c)(1)Protection From Falling ObjectsFalling Objectsn nErect toeboards,screens,or guardrail systems to Erect toeboards,screens,or guardrail systems to prevent objects from falling.prevent objects from falling.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(c)(2)Protection From 1926.501(c)(2)Protection From Falling ObjectsFalling Objectsn nCanopy StructureCanopy Structuren nBarricadeBarricadeBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(b)Guardrail1926.502(b)GuardrailSystemsSystemsBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(b)(1),(2)&(14)1926.502(b)(1),(2)&(14)n nTop edge height shall be 42”Top edge height shall be 42”+/-3”from walking/working+/-3”from walking/working level,and able to withstand 200 level,and able to withstand 200 lbs.of force.lbs.of force.n nMidrails shall be installed at a Midrails shall be installed at a height midway between top height midway between top edge and walking/working edge and walking/working level,and able to withstand 150 level,and able to withstand 150 lbs.of force.lbs.of force.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(b)(9)Guardrail Systems1926.502(b)(9)Guardrail Systemsn nTop rails and Top rails and midrails shall be midrails shall be at least 1/4 inch at least 1/4 inch nominal nominal diameter.diameter.n nTop rail shall be Top rail shall be flagged at not flagged at not more than 6-foot more than 6-foot intervals with intervals with high-visibility high-visibility material.material.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(b)(13)1926.502(b)(13)n nGuardrails at points Guardrails at points of access shall be of access shall be provided with gates provided with gates or offset to that a or offset to that a person cannot walk person cannot walk directly into the hole.directly into the hole.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(c)Safety Net 1926.502(c)Safety Net SystemsSystemsBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(c)(1)Safety Net Systems1926.502(c)(1)Safety Net Systemsn nInstall as close as Install as close as practicable under the practicable under the walking/working walking/working surface on which surface on which employees are working,employees are working,but in no case more but in no case more than 30 feet below such than 30 feet below such level.level.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(c)(2)Safety Net Systems1926.502(c)(2)Safety Net Systems Net Extension Net Extension 5 feet 8 feet 5 feet 5 feet and 10 feet and 10 feet10 feet 10 feet 13 feet10 feet 13 feetBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(c)(3)Safety Net Systems1926.502(c)(3)Safety Net Systemsn nInstall with Install with sufficient sufficient clearance to clearance to prevent prevent contact with contact with any surfaces any surfaces or structures or structures below.below.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(c)(4)Safety Net Systems1926.502(c)(4)Safety Net Systems When the employer When the employer can demonstrate can demonstrate that a drop test is that a drop test is unreasonable,the unreasonable,the employer shall employer shall certify that the net certify that the net and installation can and installation can meet an impact meet an impact force equivalent to force equivalent to the impact forces of the impact forces of a drop test.a drop test.BWC Division of Safety&HygieneDefinitionDefinition Competent PersonCompetent Person -means one who is-means one who is capable of identifying existing and capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings,predictable hazards in the surroundings,or working conditions which are or working conditions which are unsanitary,hazardous,or dangerous to unsanitary,hazardous,or dangerous to employees,and who has authorization to employees,and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.eliminate them.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(c)(5)&(6)Safety Net 1926.502(c)(5)&(6)Safety Net SystemsSystemsn nInspect nets weekly for Inspect nets weekly for wear,damage,and other wear,damage,and other deteriorationdeterioration.n nRemove any materials,Remove any materials,scrap,equipment,and scrap,equipment,and tools,that have fallen into tools,that have fallen into netnet.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(c)(7)Safety Net Systems1926.501(c)(7)Safety Net Systemsn nMaximum mesh Maximum mesh opening shall not opening shall not exceed 36 sq.exceed 36 sq.inches nor longer inches nor longer than 6 inches on than 6 inches on any side.any side.n nMesh crossings Mesh crossings shall be secured shall be secured to prevent to prevent enlargement of enlargement of mesh opening.mesh opening.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.501(c)(8)&(9)Safety Net 1926.501(c)(8)&(9)Safety Net SystemsSystemsn nMinimum breaking Minimum breaking strength for border strength for border rope webbing is rope webbing is 5,000 lbs.5,000 lbs.n nConnections shall Connections shall be as strong as net be as strong as net ponents.n nConnections shall Connections shall be spaced not more be spaced not more than 6 inches apart.than 6 inches apart.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(d)Personal Fall1926.502(d)Personal FallArrest SystemsArrest SystemsBWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(d)Personal Fall Arrest 1926.502(d)Personal Fall Arrest SystemsSystems Connector Connector means a device which is means a device which is used to couple(connect)parts of used to couple(connect)parts of the personal fall arrest system and the personal fall arrest system and positioning device systems positioning device systems together.It may be an independent together.It may be an independent component of the system,such as component of the system,such as a carabiner,or it may be an integral a carabiner,or it may be an integral component of part of the system component of part of the system(such as a buckle or dee-ring sewn(such as a buckle or dee-ring sewn into a body belt or body harness,or into a body belt or body harness,or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard.)lanyard or self-retracting lanyard.)BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(d)(8)Personal Fall Arrest 1926.502(d)(8)Personal Fall Arrest SystemsSystemsn nHorizontal lifelines shall Horizontal lifelines shall be designed,installed,be designed,installed,and used,under the and used,under the supervision of a supervision of a qualified person,as part qualified person,as part of a complete personal of a complete personal fall arrest system,which fall arrest system,which maintains a safety maintains a safety factor of at least two.factor of at least two.BWC Division of Safety&HygieneDefinition-from 1926.32(l)Definition-from 1926.32(l)Qualified PersonQualified Person -means one who,by-means one who,by possession of a recognized degree,possession of a recognized degree,certificate,or professional standing,or certificate,or professional standing,or who by extensive knowledge,training,who by extensive knowledge,training,and experience,has successfully and experience,has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject resolve problems relating to the subject matter,the work,or the project.matter,the work,or the project.BWC Division of Safety&Hygiene1926.502(d)Personal Fall Arrest 1926.502(d)Personal Fall Arrest SystemsSystems Rope Grab Rope Grab means a deceleration means a deceleration device which travels on a lifeline device which travels on a lifeline and automatically,by friction,and automatically,by friction,engages the lifeline and locks so engages the lifeline and locks so as to arrest the fall of an as to arrest the fall of an employee.employee.n nLanyards and vertical lifelines Lanyards and vertical lifelines shall have a minimum breaking shall have a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 lbs.strength of 5,000 lbs.n nEach employee shall be attached Each employee shall be attached to a separate lifeline.to a separate lifeline