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<p><span id="_baidu_bookmark_start_0" style="display: none; line-height: 0px;"></span>Section Ⅲ Word power & Grammar and usage
[核 心 要 点 探 究]
focus on/upon集中于……；集中在……
(教材P22)It focuses on Greek words used in English.
它集中了英语中使用的希腊词汇。
The discussion focused on three main problems.
讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.
每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
focus one's attention/thoughts/effort on
集中注意力/心思/努力于……之上
focus n. 中心点(指人或事物)
focus for/on sth. ……的中心点
The visit helped to focus world attention on the refugees.这次访问促进了全世界对难民的关注。
His comments provided a focus for debate.
他的评论提供了辩论的重点。
完成句子
①他的目光立刻集中在漆黑房间里的那个黑色的人影上。
His eyes immediately the black figure in the dark room.
②他那蓝色的眼睛注视着她。
He his blue eyes her.
③我们将继续重点关注顾客的需要。
We shall maintain our the needs of the customers.
【答案】 ①focused；on ②focused；on ③focus on
make a contribution做出贡献；起作用
(教材P22)This is because the Greeks made huge contributions in the two fields.
这是因为希腊人在这两个科学领域做出了巨大的贡献。
It is possible that the sun can make a contribution，too.
很可能太阳也会起作用。
①make a contribution to/towards 对……做出贡献
give a contribution to 给……捐献
②contribute vt.& vi. 有贡献；有 助于；捐助
contribute to 导致；投稿
They made a great contribution towards the cause of the Chinese people.
他们为中国人民的事业做出了巨大贡献。
I contributed towards Jane's leaving present.
我凑了一点钱给简买告别礼物。
She regularly contributes to the college magazine.
她定期给校刊投稿。
完成句子
①She a number of articles the magazine.(向……投稿)
②Tom's mistake was said to the accident.(导致)
【答案】 ①contributed；to ②have contributed to
(教材P23)In the field of literature，our students read and write poetry and participate in drama productions which are performed in our stateoftheart theatre.在文学领域里，我们的学生吟诗作赋，并积极参与在我们的装备最先进的剧场里进行的戏剧排演。
(1)participate in参加
Tom can't participate in the match because he has hurt his back.汤姆不能参加比赛，因为他伤了后背。
He also participated in the project.
他也参加了这项工程。
participant n． 参与者；参加者
participation n. 参加；参与
He has been an active participant in the discussion.
他一直积极参与这次讨论。
We saw a show with lots of audience participation.
我看了一场观众热烈参与的演出。
participate in/take part in/join/join in/attend
participate in/take part in
二者同义，表示参加活动或在活动中负责。participate in较正式。
join
及物动词，表示“加入某组织(团体、机构)，并成为其中一员，”也可用于join sb.(与某人一起)，join sb. in sth./doing sth.(和某人一起做某事)。
join in
指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏等，有时可与take part in换用。
attend
及物动词，指参加会议、典礼、演讲等活动。
【导学号：88062019】
用participate in/take part in/join/join in/attend填空
①May I the discussion?
②He'll us singing the song.
③Did you the meeting yesterday?
④He the children's game.
⑤He laughed loudly，and we .
⑥She intends to the club.
【答案】 ①join in/participate in/take part in ②join；in ③take part in/attend ④participate in/took part in ⑤joined in ⑥join
(2)production n．(电影、戏剧或广播节目的)上映、上演、播出、制作
Every year the school puts on a musical production.
这所学校每年都上演一出音乐剧。
How much do you think the production of this movie costs？你认为这部电影的制作费要多少？
production n． 生产；制造；(艺术)作品；(研究)成果
in production 投产；生产
out of production 停产
go into production 投产
The company is famous for the production of small cars.那家公司以生产小型汽车闻名。
The theme of his late productions was life and death.
他晚期作品的主题是生与死。
He wants a career in film production.
他想从事电影制作。
(3)stateoftheart adj.(技术、设备)最新型的；最先进的
A stateoftheart hospital has just been put up near our school.我们学校附近刚建了一家现代化的医院。
完成句子
⑦这家剧院以演出富于想象力的戏剧作品而闻名。
This theatre is known for .
⑧这一系统是当时最先进的。
The system .
【答案】 ⑦its imaginative productions
⑧was stateoftheart
(教材P23)We consider it very important that students understand the past，...
我们认为学生了解过去非常重要，……
【句式分析】 it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。
consider it＋宾补＋doing/to do/thatclause是一个重要句式结构。类似用法的动词还有think，find，feel，make等。用作宾补的词可以是形容词也可以是名词。
She considers it impolite to talk while eating.
她认为边吃边说话是不礼貌的。
I consider it no use quarrelling with him.
我认为和他争吵没用。
Mr.Li thinks it necessary that we practice oral English every day.
李老师认为我们每天练习口语是必要的。
Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己开始一种新生活。
翻译句子
①你也许发现在这里工作很令人兴奋。
②我们认为保持生态平衡很重要。
【答案】 ①You may find it exciting to work here.
②We think it important that we should keep the balance of nature.
insist v．坚持
(教材P23)In the same way，we insist that students learn about different countries in the world，...
同样，我们坚决要求学生一定要了解世界各国，……
He insists that she come.
他执意要她来。
I insist on you going there.
我坚持要你去那里。
一些表示命令、要求、建议的动词及其相应的名词后接从句时，要用虚拟语气。
①suggest，insist，advise，order，ask，request，demand，require等表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中要用“(should)＋动词原形”。
②由这些词变化而来的名词，如：suggestion，advice，order，request，demand等，后面的同位语从句、表语从句中也用“(should)＋动词原形”。
He suggested that our products be advertised.
他建议我们的产品做广告。
The captain ordered that all the men(should)take part in the rescue.船长命令所有的人参加救援。
The teacher advised that the students(should)make the best use of their free time.
老师劝告学生们要充分利用他们的业余时间。
His suggestion is that all the work (should)be finished on time.
他的建议是所有的工作都要按时完成。
This is his request that all the students(should)hand in their papers by ten o'clock.这是他的要求：所有的学生要在10点钟之前交上他们的试卷。
【提示】 当insist作“坚持认为”、“坚持说”讲时和suggest作“暗示、表明”讲时，其后的从句用陈述语气。insist还可以接on或upon短语。
The young man insisted that he was not wrong and that he be set free.
那个年轻人坚持认为他没有错，要求释放他。
His words suggested he was pleased.
他的话表明他很满意。
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Mike insisted that he (be) right and (not punish)．
②Her pale face suggested that she (be) ill.
【答案】 ①was；(should)not be punished ②was
[语 法 专 项 突 破]
名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用，相当于名词。因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
一、主语从句
1．主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连接词that，whether；连接代词who，whoever，which，whichever，what，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why等。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她被选中这件事使我们非常高兴。
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否来还是个问题。
Whatever you want can be found here.
你想要的一切都可以在这里找到。
2．主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是连接词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。即：It＋be＋adj.＋thatclause，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。
It's a pity that you missed such a fine talk.
你没有听到如此精彩的演讲真是太遗憾了。
It is strange that he didn't come yesterday.
他昨天没来真让人感到奇怪。
3．whoever，whatever，whichever引导的主语从句：whoever＝anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“不管是什么人，无论是谁”。
whatever＝anything that，表示“任何……的事物，什么……都，无论什么”。
whichever表示“无论哪个；无论哪些”既可指人，也可指物，既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。
Whoever breaks the law must be punished.
无论谁犯了法都一定会受惩罚。
Whatever you want to do will have nothing to do with me.
无论你想要做什么都与我无关。
Whichever book you choose doesn't matter to me.
无论你选择哪一本书对我来说都无关紧要。
二、宾语从句
1．在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句，引导宾语从句的连接代词和连接副词如下：that，whether，if(是否)，who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how等。
2．由whatever，whichever，whoever，whosever引导的宾语从句。
You may do whatever(anything that)you like.
你可以做任何你想做的事。
Return the book to whosever(anyone whose)name is on it.把书归还给名字写在上面的人。
3．介词后的宾语从句
Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.
除了偶尔上学迟到以外，汤姆是一个好孩子。
4．形容词后的宾语从句
They're surprised that he has left without saying goodbye.
人们很惊讶地发现他没有打招呼就走了。
5．宾语从句中的形式宾语it
在“及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它。
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我们花更多的时间来练习英语口语是非常有必要的。
6．宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词desire(愿望)，demand(要求)，insist(坚决要求)，order(命令)，request(请求)，suggest(建议)，propose(提议，建议)等词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，宾语从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
They suggested that we(should)start at once.
他们建议我们立即动身。
三、表语从句
1．在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的词有that，whether，as if(好像，仿佛)，who，what，which，when，where，how，why等。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是这件事是否值得做。
This is how she did it.这就是她怎样做这件事的。
2．主语为名词reason时，表语从句的连接词要用that，定语从句用why或that引导。
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drunk.这么严重的交通事故完全是由于司机太粗心，喝酒太多。
3．如果主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement，demand等名词时，则表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可省略。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。
1．同位语从句的连接词常用的有that，whether，why，who，where，how，when。if一般不引导同位语从句。
We heard the news that our team had won.
我们听到了我们队获胜的消息。
2．同位语从句一般跟在某些名词之后，例如：idea，fact，hope，view，news，promise，belief，opinion，doubt，thought，wish，truth，explanation，possibility等。</p>
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