Reversative or Privative Prefixes逆反前缀.doc

参与总结人员：党琪，窦少方，范亚锦。组长：党琪
Reversative or Privative Prefixes逆反前缀
De-:meaning 'reversing the action, deprive of '.
E.g.
1.decentralize [,di:'sentrəlaiz]:使分散，使分权，疏散
A.If you were a manager, would you like to decentralize authority?如果你是一位管理者，你愿意实行分权吗？
B.The central government is looking for ways to decentralize the nation's industry. 中央政府正在寻找使我国工业分散分布的方法。
2. demystify [di:'mistifai]:使非神秘化，阐明，启发，使容易理解
A. Financial scholars are beginning to demystify hedge funds. 金融学者开始揭开冲基金的神秘面纱。
B. Doctors would better demystify medical procedures to their patients. 医生最好对病人说明服药的疗程。
3.dehumanize [,di:'hju:mənaiz]: vt. 使失去人性，使非人性化
A. Conformity dehumanized her. 一味屈服使她丧失了人性。
B. Some people hold that the triumph of the computer dehumanizes the world. 有人认为电脑的胜利使世界非人性化。
4. deforestation [di:,fɔri'steiʃən]：n.采伐森林，砍伐森林
A.The deforestation rate of China has obviously declined in recent years.近几年，中国的森林砍伐率已明显下降。
5. deforest [,di:'fɔrist]: vt. 采伐森林；清除…上的树林
A.Poor planning deforested the area in several years.
因规划很差，这地区的树林几年内已被乱砍滥伐。
6.deice [,di:'ais]: vt. 除冰；防止结冰；装以除冰装置
[ 过去式deiced 过去分词deiced 现在分词deicing ]
A.Repairmen worked hard to deice [亦作de-ice] the ice formation on the wing of an airplane. 维修工努力除去机翼上结的冰。
B.The humble lavatory is the greatest deice ever invented in medical history. 简陋的抽水马桶在医学史上是最伟大的发明。
7.de-feather [dɪ 'fεðɚ]: 拔毛,去毛，拔毛
A.We must de-feather the rooster before making chicken. 在做鸡肉之前，我们必须要先宰鸡毛。
8.debug [di:'bʌɡ]: vt. 调试；除错，改正有毛病部分；[军] 除去窃听器
[ 过去式debugged 过去分词debugged 现在分词debugging ]
A. It's easy to debug, and when something doesn't behave properly, it's easy to troubleshoot.
这样比较容易调试，如果有些地方工作不正常，也比较容易排查故障。
B.The new rocket was extensively tested and debugged by the army.
这种新式火箭由军方进行了广泛的测试和调试。
9.descale [,di:'skeil]：vt. 除去锈皮；除去…的锅垢；缩小比例
[ 过去式descaled 过去分词descaled 现在分词descaling ]
A.The spray head must be descaled regularly. 喷头应定期除垢。
10.decode [,di:'kəud]: vt. [计][通信] 译码，解码;vi. 从事破译工作
[ 过去式decoded 过去分词decoded 现在分词decoding ]
A.That makes it possible for hackers to decode such keys in minutes rather than hours.
这使得黑客有可能在几分钟而不是几小时内破解密钥。
B.All he had to do was to decode it and pass it over.
他所要做的就是解译它，然后把它发过去。
11.demobilize [di:'məubilaiz]: vt. 遣散；使复员；使退伍（demobilise）
[ 过去式demobilized 过去分词demobilized 现在分词demobilizing ]
A. The authority has to demobilize the solider from military service if he has finished his service time. 如果士兵已达到服兵役时间，当局必须让其复员。
Dis-: 一、meaning ' reversing the action' with verbs.
E.g.
1. disallow [,disə'ləu]: vt. 驳回，不接受；不准许, 否决
A.The chairman disallowed the truth of his report.
主席不承认他的报道的真实性。
B.They disallowed our claim for compensation.
他们否决了我们的索赔要求。
2. dispossess [,dispə'zes]: vt. 剥夺；使失去；逐出；霸占
A.He was dispossessed of his wealth.
他被剥夺了财产。
B.If you pay your rent,you will not be dispossessed.
如果你付房租，你不会被撵走的。
3.disunite [,disju:'nait]: vt. 不和；使分离;vi. 分散；分离；变得分离
[ 过去式disunited 过去分词disunited 现在分词disuniting
A.The party was deeply disunited.
该党四分五裂。
B.The party members were disunited on the issue.
党员们在这个问题上发生分歧。
4. dishearten [dis'hɑ:tən]： vt. 使灰心，使沮丧，使气馁
A. She's easily disheartened by difficulties.
她遇到困难很容易泄气。
B.News of another job rejection disheartened her badly.
求职再次遭到拒绝的消息使她非常灰心。
5.disconnect [,diskə'nekt]: vt. 拆开，使分离; vi. 断开
A.He disconnected the television set before fixing it.
他在修理电视机之前先切断了电源。
B,They disconnected the telephone.
他们挂断了电话。
6. discolor [dis'kʌlə]：vt. 污染；使褪色；vi. 褪色；被污染
A.The sunshine would discolour the paint.
阳光会使油漆褪色。
B.The building was discolored by smoke.
这座建筑物被烟熏得变了颜色。
7.disunion [,dis'ju:njən]:n. .分离，分开，分裂，联合的破裂;不和，不友好；倾轧，纷争；不统一；不团结；不一致
A. But those who had no slaves opposed the idea of disunion.
但那些没有奴隶的人则反对这种分裂思想。
: 二、Meaning 'lacking' with adjectives.
1. disinterested [dis'intristid, -'intəris-]: adj. 无私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉洁的; 不感兴趣的
A.The current sole superpower is far from being a disinterested observer.
当前惟一的超级大国远非一个公正的观察者。
2. discolored[ dis'kʌlərd]: adj. 脱色的；污染的
A.Then the skin will become thick and discolored.
然后，皮肤就慢慢变厚并失去光泽。
Un-:一、+verb", meaning' reversing the action, depriving of'.
E.g.
1.unbug [,ʌn'bʌg]：不被窃听，没被烦恼
A. She believed the phone had been unbugged. （ 她坚信她的电话没被窃听。）
B. Unbugging me! 不要烦我！
2. unlock [,ʌn'lɔk] ： 开启，解开，
A.He unlocked the car and threw the coat on to the back seat.（他启动汽车，将外套扔到了后座。）
B.The point of the competition is to encourage all people to unlock their hidden potential.（竞赛的目的是鼓励所有人发掘其隐藏的潜力。）
3.unwrap [,ʌn'ræp]： 打开，解开，拆开
A.Let's unwrap the gifts.（让我们打开这个礼物）
B.She unwrapped the parcel slowly。（她慢慢解开包裹）
4.unpack [,ʌn'pæk]：vt. 卸下…；解除…的负担；vi. 打开包裹
A. I'm just going to unpack my clothes. ( 我正要从衣箱里取出我的衣物。）
B.When we unpack the case, we find that the goods inside have been damaged during transit. (当我们开箱时发现箱内货物已在运输途中受到损坏。)
5.undo [,ʌn'du:]： 取消，解开
A.The fire undid the work of eight months. （这场火灾使8个月干的活儿全白干了。）
B.He undid his belt because it was too tight. （他解开了他的腰带，因为它太紧了。）
6.undress [,ʌn'dres]： 暴露，脱衣服
A.He undressed himself and went to bed. （ 他脱去衣服，上床睡觉。）
B. He put up the money and began to undress （他把钱收好后，开始脱衣服。）
：二、+ "noun" , meaning ' depriving of, releasing from'.
E.g.
1.unseat [,ʌn'si:t]： 罢免，摔下，使失去资格
A.The warning unseats a rider.（ 这个警报声使骑马人落马了。）
B.His failure could unseat him. ( 他的失败可能会使他失去资格。）
2.unhorse [,ʌn'hɔ:s] ： 推翻，卸去，从马上摔下
A.She was unhorsed while riding in the garden. （ 她在花园骑马时被马从马背上掀了下来了。）
B. He unhorses his opponent. （ 他打败了他的对手 。）
3.unmask [,ʌn'mɑ:sk, -'mæsk]： 揭露，撕下面具
A.The guests unmasked at midnight. （ 客人们在午夜除下了面具。）
B.Now, the search is on to unmask the mystery prankster. （ 现在人们正试图找出神秘的搞恶作剧的人到底是谁。）