资源描述
,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Unit Fifteen,1/53,Contents,Introduction,Text(A)analysis,Some comments on writing,Text(B)analysis,Further reading,Exercises,2/53,Introduction,Text A argues nearly all the sports are competitive and sport is mimic warfare.,Starting from the literary neglect,Text B points out swimming is not just a way of building our physiques,but also prompts self-reflections and a sense of elevation.,3/53,About the author,Eric Arthur Blair,better known by his pen name,George Orwell,was an English author and journalist.,4/53,He was born in India(June 25,1903 January 21,1950),to English parents and was taken to England as a child.He was brought up in an upper-middle class and educated at Eton College.,Orwells reputation rests not only on his political shrewdness and his sharp satires but also on his marvelously clear style and on his superb essays,which rank with the best ever written.,5/53,The Olympic Spirit,More generally,the term Olympic spirit is an oft-referred to but perhaps vaguely-defined concept associated with the Olympic Games.Some media equate it with,Pierre de Coubertin,s statement that The important thing is not to win,but to take part,and view athletes who try their best but finish last as epitomising the Olympic spirit.,6/53,The Olympic motto is Higher,Faster,Stronger.,奥林匹克格言是“更高，更加快，更强”。,The Olympic Games help promote a better and more peaceful world.,奥林匹克运动会有利于实现一个更美好、更安宁世界。,7/53,The most important thing in the Games is not the triumph but the struggle;not to have conquered but to have fought well.,比赛中最主要不是胜利，而是奋斗；不是征服，而是奋力拼搏。,The athletes must learn to respect and to cooperate with people from many nations during the Games.,在比赛中，运动员必须学会尊重并与来自许多国家人们合作。,8/53,The five rings represent the close unity and friendly meeting at the Olympics between athletes from five continents.,五环相连象征着五大洲运动员紧密团结及在奥运会上友好相聚。,9/53,Text Analysis,Text A,The Sporting Spirit,10/53,Part I(para.12),Sport is an unfailing cause of ill will.,11/53,Point 1,Now that the brief visit of the,Dynamo,football team has come to an end,it is possible to say publicly that sport is an,unfailing,cause of,ill will,.,1945,年苏联Dynamo足球俱乐部（现在属于乌克兰）访问英国，和英国足球俱乐部踢了四场比赛，乔治奥威尔就此事为,Tribune,周刊写了这篇名为“体育精神”文章。,unfailing:never coming to an end,ill will:unfriendly feeling,12/53,Point 2,Even the newspaper have been unable to conceal the fact that at least,two,of the four matches played led to much bad feeling.,1)At the,Arsenal,match,a British and a Russian player came to blows and the crowd booed the referee.,13/53,英超阿森纳足球俱乐部(see note 3),The nickname of Arsenal:the Gunners(枪手),14/53,2)At the Glasgow match,there was the controversy,typical of our nationalistic age,about the,composition,of the Arsenal team.,The implication is that sport is bound up with nationalism,composition:the parts of which something is made up,15/53,Point 3,Meanwhile the result of the Dynamos tour,in so far as,it has had any result,will have been to create fresh,animosity,on both sides.,in such measure as,to the extent that,(an example of)powerful,often active hatred,16/53,Part II(para.35),International sporting contests lead to,orgies of hatred,because spectators and nations believe that running,jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.,Questions:,Do you agree with the author?And why?,In your opinion,what is the sporting spirit?,17/53,orgy:an occasion on which someone does something in an extreme and uncontrolled way极端放肆状态或行为,orgies of hatred:疯狂仇恨,18/53,Point 1,I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates,goodwill,between the nations,and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket,they would,have no inclination,to meet on the battlefield.,19/53,good will:a feeling of wanting to be friendly and helpful to someone 善意,友好,show no desire,20/53,Point 2,the 1936 Olympics,The 1936 Olympics were held in a tense,politically charged atmosphere.The,Nazi Party,had risen to power in 1933,two years after Berlin was awarded the Games.,Adolf Hitler,s government planned to use the Games to promote Nazi ideology.,21/53,Nearly 4,000 athletes competed in 129 events.The track-and-field competition starred American,Jesse Owens,who won three individual,gold medals,and a fourth as a member of the triumphant U.S.4 100-metre relay team.Altogether Owens and his teammates won 12 mens track-and-field gold medals;the success of Owens and the other,African American,athletes,referred to as“black auxiliaries”by the Nazi press,was considered a particular blow to Hitlers Aryan ideals.,22/53,Jesse Owens,a black athlete from the United States,was the star of the 1936 Olympic Games.Owens,the Tan Cyclone,brought home four gold medals:the 100-meter dash,the long jump(made an Olympic record),the 200-meter sprint around a turn(made a world record),and part of the team for the 400-meter relay.,23/53,Point 3,You play to win,and the game has little meaning unless you,do your utmost to,win.,Try your best to,假如不尽全力去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。,24/53,Point 4,At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare.,在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。,25/53,Point 5,But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators,and,behind the spectators,(the attitude)of the nations who,work themselves into furies over these absurd contest,and(who)seriously believe-at any rate for short periods-that,running,jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.,(translate),26/53,work oneself into:get oneself into a different position or state使自己进入不一样状态,使他们自己对荒谬比赛产生强烈感情,以致到了如痴如醉程度。,跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质检验。,27/53,Point 6,Every kind of game,whether it demands grace of strength,can cause much ill will.,28/53,当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间情谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀时候，我总是惊愕不已。一个人即使不能从详细事例（比如1936年奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会造成疯狂仇恨，也能够从常理中推断出结论。,29/53,现在开展体育运动几乎都是竞争性。参加比赛就是为了取胜。假如不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。在乡间草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，而且不包括任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量包括到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最横蛮争斗天性便会激发起来。即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛人也有这种体会。在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。不过,主要还不是运动员行为，而是观众态度，以及观众身后各个国家态度。面对着这些荒谬比赛，参赛各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 最少在短期内如此 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质检验。,30/53,Part III(para.69),The fierce passions for sport are bound up with nationalism.,31/53,Point 1,In England,the obsession with,sport is bad enough,but even fiercer passions are aroused in young countries where games playing and nationalism are both recent developments.,obsess:fill someones mind continuously,32/53,Point 2,As soon as strong feelings of,rivalry,are aroused,the notion of playing the game according to the rules always,vanishes,.,As soon as fierce passions of competition are aroused,the notion of playing the game according to the rules no longer exists.,33/53,Point 3,In other words,sport is war,minus,the shooting.,without,34/53,Point 4,It is more useful to inquire how and why this modern,cult of,sport arose.,devotion to,35/53,Point 5,There cannot be much doubt that the whole thing,is bound up with,the rise of nationalism-that is,with the,lunatic,modern habit of,identifying oneself with,large power units and,seeing everything in terms of competitive prestige.,is closely connected with,mad,36/53,identify(oneself)with:be associated with,feel close to,seeing everything in terms of competitive prestige:perceiving everything in the perspective of competitive prestige,37/53,Point 6,Also,organized games are more likely to,flourish,in urban communities where the average human being lives a sedentary or at least a confined life,and does not get much opportunity for creative labor.,grow,prosper,sedentary:see note 13,38/53,Point 7,Big-scale sport is itself,I think,merely another effect of the causes that have produced nationalism.在我看来,大规模体育运动本身，就是那些造成民族主义很多原因所引发另一个结果。,39/53,Writing,In May,the Chinese team scooped almost all the medals at the 49,th,World Table Tennis Championships in Yokohama,Japan.While some people are cheering the victory,others see the scooping as a bad thing.Walking away with all the medals hurts the confidence of other teams and stunts the growth of the sport,said a Chinese coach.Please write an essay of 300 words to brood over Chinas dominance in this sport.,40/53,Text B,Reflections on Swimming,Questions for comprehension,1.Why is swimming forgotten by the writers after the 19,th,century?,2.What kind of feeling does the writer derive from swimming outdoors in the fall?,3.How does swimming affect the human senses?,41/53,4.According to the writer,what are the differences between swimming and other activities such as running or walking?,5.What did Kellerman say about swimming?,6.How do you understand religious aspects in swimming?,42/53,No.1,Because it is the loneliest among various sports activities.It excludes husbands and wives,lovers,everyone else in the world,indeed everything else except for ones thoughts.,43/53,No.2,He felt as if the entire world belonged to him while swimming.There was nothing but him and the cosmos,together.,44/53,No.3,First,swimming diminishes and almost eliminates the sense of sight,our primary means of engagement with the physical world.Second,hearing undergoes some change too.What we hear are the constant rush of the water and the sounds of our own movement and breathing.Third,touch becomes virtually metaphorical as we pull,push,and otherwise make our way through a fluid medium.,45/53,No.4,Swimming requires not only instruction but also a kind of courage.For most people,it is not innate.,46/53,No.5,The experience of swimming is both sexual and spiritual.The sensation of water flowing over the body is dynamic,erotic,enlivening,and yet it awakens,at every moment,our consciousness of the fragility of our breath.,47/53,No.6,With its cleaning,purifying powers,swimming can expand our mind through contemplation.Buoyancy keeps our spirits,in the religious sense,up.,48/53,Further Reading,1.genetics,2.identified,3.power,4.injuries,5.films,6.mathematical,7.equipment,8.variables,49/53,E-C,想赢得比赛是一个强大动力。不但教练员、管理者，而且运动员都研究过诸如最有效领导模式和赛前压力状态方面问题。心理学家对此看法也不一样。不过部分教授认为民主式领导会让运动员感到满意，而绝对权威式领导则能带来“结果”。许多心理研究表明，女性运动员轻易将失败归咎于本身努力不足或者技能欠佳，而男性运动员则将失败归咎于运气不好或者对手太强大等外部原因。人们一样认为，赛前理想压力度是在过分放松和担心之间，而且还要部分取决于运动项目。比如，射箭要想出好成绩，就不需要有打橄榄球赛前那种咄咄逼人气势。而在诸如高尔夫球、网球、跳水和撑杆跳这些运动中，把握状态和时机则非常主要。运动员利用一个通常称作“映像”或“想象”心理方法。这种方法重视赛前在大脑中预演动作要领，做好充分准备，而不但仅是一个咄咄逼人气势。,50/53,C-E,To participate and to win that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong,and strong striving for ever better performance.Even better the ideal always luring a sportsman forward.He will do everything he can for it,never relax,never give up.It is said that none of the competition can avoid being defeated even the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports thousands of losers to set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.However,undaunted by the inevitable failure,he is always striving to do the best he can.,51/53,C-E,When the time comes and he knows he cant,he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner,aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his bit for the“even better”records of the Olympic Games.He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.Chances to compete for championship are few and far between.Life is short.Still short is the time for an athlete trying to win games.None other than an athletic contestant feels so keenly about the rarity of opportunity and the fleeting of time.,52/53,Topics for research and presentation,1.My Favorite Sport,2.Gold Medal Tally,3.Anti-Doping Program,53/53,
展开阅读全文
浙ICP备2021020529号-1 | 浙B2-20240490 
