蜂巢芯现浇混凝土密肋楼盖在建筑工程中的应用.docx

GBF蜂巢芯现浇混凝土密肋楼盖在建筑工程中的应用摘 要：结合山东友邦置业有限公司开发的地下车库工程，详细介绍了GBF蜂巢芯现浇混凝土密肋楼盖的设计原理、施工工艺流程以及施工中应控制的几个施工要点。关键词：GBF蜂巢芯；密肋楼盖；设计原理；施工流程；施工要点 GBF蜂巢芯现浇混凝土密肋楼盖概述GBF蜂巢芯是一种高强的薄壁复合材料芯盒，其结构似蜂窝，是由高强度的水泥砂浆和玻璃纤维通过大型设备压制而成，空腔封闭。其最大优点是：结构好，重量轻，造价低，施工速度快。GBF蜂巢芯现浇混凝土密肋楼盖是采用GBF蜂巢芯作为填充内模与现浇混凝土整体浇筑，形成具有大空腔效果的一种楼盖形式。具有完全现浇、T型受力断面、底部平整、大空腔构造、空间受力的特征，基本受力单元是“T”型双向密肋梁。GBF蜂巢芯是混凝土预制构件，简称芯模。是蜂巢芯密肋楼盖的重要组成部分与技术核心。GBF蜂巢芯作为密肋楼盖的填充内模，同时作为双向现浇肋梁的侧模，其设计与施工必须按照施工图纸结合正规厂家提供的施工工法进行。1 工程实例由中铁三局集团第四工程有限公司承建的山东友邦置业开发的易安明郡工程一期地下车库楼盖结构采用的是GBF蜂巢芯现浇混凝土密肋楼盖技术。本工程根据场地的地势特点为南高北低，故设计地下车库地面不为一平。为便于绘图、识图，本基础图根据车库地面标高不同分为五个区，各分区详车库分区平面图，本车库按选用住宅11#楼一层地面标高为0.000，0.000绝对标高为186.300。本工程采用独立基础加防水板及墙下条基，持力层选用第3层碎石和第4层微风化石灰岩，局部超挖清除第2层黄土及第3层碎石，采用C15毛石混凝土进行换填至基底标高。第3层碎石，地基承载力特征值为 fak=300Kpa；第4层微风化石灰岩，地基承载力特征值为 fak=3500Kpa。本工程为山地地基，基岩分布复杂，在验槽过程中，根据实际情况由勘察单位判定基底标高的持力层和设计完全一致后方可施工。为有效减轻地基上部建筑物的自重，获得良好的建筑隔音效果，提高其适用性，在该工程楼板施工中采用了GBF蜂巢芯现浇混凝土密肋楼盖施工技术。2 设计原理GBF蜂巢芯现浇混凝土密肋楼盖属于空腹小密肋楼盖的范畴。即在现浇钢筋混凝土楼板中预埋空心蜂巢芯，形成网格状密肋梁传力的双向肋空心楼板，达到楼板刚度基本不变的情况下，大幅度抽空混凝土，减轻楼板自重，减少钢筋用量的目的。同时，因采用了蜂巢芯空心结构体系，而实现了建筑物内大开间无梁或少梁、隔音、隔热、灵活分隔的意愿。该结构是由现浇主肋梁、现浇次肋梁、现浇叠合层及预制的非拆除式肋间GBF蜂巢芯等组成的楼盖结构，具体见图一。 图一3 施工工艺流程现浇混凝土蜂巢芯楼盖的施工工艺流程如图二以完成楼盖上测量放线底模龙骨及支撑安装主次肋梁及板钢筋下料蜂巢芯模布置图，蜂巢芯模订货蜂巢芯模现场点验并填写收货表按照芯模布置图将规定芯模吊至工作面，并检查外观和修补按芯模排列图要求排列、安装芯模，检查处理芯模底板结合缝，隐蔽验收并记录预埋底板面上的水、电线套管及竖向穿板安装面层钢筋和预埋水电线套管。铺设架空马道，清除底板杂物钢筋隐蔽工程验收并作记录敷设泵送混凝土用管，浇注混凝土，随浇随修补调正芯模、钢筋养护楼盖混凝土，达到强度要求后拆模。不合格重调、修正主次肋梁模板、钢筋安装蜂巢芯模底部支撑设置不合格重调、修正图二 现浇混凝土蜂巢芯空心楼板施工工艺流程4 施工要点4.1 模板工程4.1.1 模板工程的选材模板采用1220mm2440mm的竹胶合板作为模板，节约板材，且施工时相邻板间贴胶带密封，避免因漏浆而造成混凝土蜂窝麻面。其次，因成品蜂巢芯底板占据了大量面积，只有在浇筑主肋梁和次肋梁底部混凝土时与局部模板接触，接触面积很小，从而大大减少了对竹胶合板的损坏，提高了竹胶合板的回收利用率（可高达80%左右），从而大大降低了施工成本。另外，龙骨采用 60mm70mm的方木作为竹胶合板背面的龙骨，其周转使用率更高，待模板拆除回收后还可做木门窗的材料，经济效果就更加明显了，从而大大降低了施工成本。4.1.2 模板工程的平整度模板是否平整对后序的装修工程影响很大，应使其最大限度地与蜂巢芯底板相接触，以避免混凝土中的浆液漏到蜂巢芯底部，形成凸凹面，给装修工程造成影响。若能有效地保证蜂巢芯底部的平整度，则装修时工艺上就可省去抹灰找平工序，而直接采用石膏刮面，这样既可达到装修之目的，又能有效地节省施工费用。4.1.3 模板工程的支撑体系模板采用钢管支撑体系。立杆间距按800mm1000mm分布，采用通长杆上加可调节顶撑调节高度，可有效提高竹胶合板的平整度，同时也便于控制调节净跨内无梁底板面预先起拱3左右的要求。水平杆分上、中、下三道，上、下各距边150mm左右，中间取中，呈网状纵横连接，从而有效地保证了支撑系统的稳定，防止滑模现象的发生。4.2 钢筋工程1) 主肋梁和次肋梁放线定位后，进行钢筋绑扎，应充分保证钢筋与蜂巢芯之间足够的混凝土保护层。2) GBF蜂巢芯上部的板筋原则上采用通长筋，否则应在板跨中1/3处搭接；摆放钢筋时，应注意同一方向的放在同一平面上，避免钢筋交错而影响其平整度，有利于混凝土保护层的控制。3) 垫块的规格应满足钢筋保护层的要求，且支垫牢固。4) 穿插进行安装工程，准确进行水电管、线、盒等的预埋敷设，并固定牢靠，防止浇筑振捣混凝土时产生移位和破裂现象。4.3 GBF蜂巢芯工程4.3.1 蜂巢芯结构GBF蜂巢芯是一种高强的薄壁复合材料芯盒，其结构似蜂窝，是由高强度的水泥砂浆和玻璃纤维通过大型设备压制而成，空腔封闭。蜂巢芯内模是密肋楼盖结构的重要组成部分，产品生产与检测应符合相关标准。现浇砼GBF蜂巢芯密肋楼盖性能参数物理力学性能：a.蜂巢芯局部抗压破坏荷载1.2KN/m2b.蜂巢芯抗压线荷载2.0KN/mc.蜂巢芯抗振动冲击：30mm插入式振动棒靠侧壁振动1分钟不出现贯通裂缝GBF蜂巢芯产品规格型号：蜂巢芯平面尺寸规格有：950X950; 950X600; 900X300; 600X600;蜂巢芯截面高度规格有：250mm650mm(50mm的模数内差)。山东友邦置业有限公司开发的易安明郡车库项目采用的是AP型，其结构见图三、图四，其蜂巢芯的高度为250mm650mm，底板厚20mm，顶板厚10mm，壁板厚6mm。 图三 AP型蜂巢结构形状 图四 AP型蜂巢结构顶视图4.3.2 蜂巢芯的验收项目（1）批量、规格、本批出厂质量证明文件；（2）产品外观质量、尺寸偏差检测。4.3.3 蜂巢芯的堆放与吊运（1）蜂巢芯的堆放场地应坚实、平整、洁净。（2）应按不同型号，不同规格分类堆放，叠加层数应符合表一规定，且不得高于2m，并应明显警示禁止人员攀爬、踩踏。表一 蜂巢芯最大叠放层数表蜂巢芯高度/mm200200300300400400容许叠层8643（3）应采用专门的吊笼（箱）吊运蜂巢芯，其内允许叠放层数同表一规定，且不得高出侧挡板。严禁用缆绳直接绑扎吊运。（4）蜂巢芯吊至安装楼层后应及时水平摆放，避免撞击和挤压，不宜再叠层堆放。（5）对其外观完好情况逐个检查，蜂巢芯盒体破损不得超过下表二所规定的标准，对有可能漏入混凝土物料者，均需进行封补、填塞后，方可铺设。缺损严重超标者不得使用。表二 蜂巢芯破损容许修补标准蜂巢芯高H（mm）200200300300400400容许一般破损蜂巢芯高度方向H/3H/4H/5H/6蜂巢芯面板（mm）100100100100一般破损密度处/m3333容许单处最大高度破损H/4H/4H/4H/44.3.4 蜂巢芯的安装（1）布置蜂巢芯的原则是从梁边开始由一端向另一端摆放标准芯，不合模数的尺寸应布置在楼盖四周，且应摆放异型配套蜂巢芯。若尺寸既不合模数又不足以布放一个最小配套蜂巢芯，则应将该尺寸分摊到每肋或在一边增加8钢筋两道设混凝土加强带。（2）放蜂巢芯前应将模板上的杂物清理干净，保证蜂巢芯不翘曲、不进混凝土浆液，且吊运过程中洒落的杂物应及时清理。（3）吊放芯时应注意成排成行，保证蜂巢芯之间及芯与梁、墙、柱之间的间距符合设计要求。 （4）布置完成后应检查是否有破损，对损坏的蜂巢芯应根据情况进行修补或更换。验收合格后方可进行下道工序的施工。4.3.5 蜂巢芯安装的注意事项（1）蜂巢芯密肋楼盖的支撑体系安装和拆除纵横向整体稳定、安全可靠，并按照要求起拱。起拱高度以为跨度的 2/10003/1000蜂巢芯的摆放方向、位置应符合设计要求，顺直度的允许偏差不应大于 3/1000，且不应大于15mm。（2）蜂巢芯定位应按照设计图纸摆放，蜂巢芯底板位置应准确、纵横垂直平行，蜂巢芯底板间的缝隙不宜大于3mm。施工过程中应防止蜂巢芯损坏、出现明显破损时应及时予以更换。（3）对密肋板面钢筋铺设之后损坏的蜂巢芯，应采取有效的修补措施封堵。施工过程中的预留、预埋设施（水平管线、电线盒等）安装与钢筋铺设及蜂巢芯安装就位等工序应合理安排、有序进行。（4）预留和预埋设施宜布置在密肋板实心区域或肋宽范围内。当预留和预埋设施无妨避开蜂巢芯时，可对蜂巢芯采取开口措施，但事后应封堵。在管线密集处，可采取采用小型号蜂巢芯等避让措施。施工中应根据设计要求留设各种孔洞，尽量避免施工后二次开洞。密肋板面层钢筋的规格型号、数量以及铺设绑扎方式应符合设计要求。（5）在混凝土浇筑之前，应对钢筋和预留、预埋设施的安装质量进行检查验收。4.4 混凝土工程（1） 原材料的选用。因蜂巢芯之间的密肋梁断面小，故应选用10mm30mm粒径的小粒级石子作为粗骨料，选含泥量小于3%的水洗砂作为细骨料。（2） 既要保证混凝土的强度，又要满足泵送混凝土要求，所以控制好水灰比尤为重要。经现场测试该工程所用混凝土水灰比应控制在0.470.53之间，混凝土拌合物坍落度宜取140mm160mm。（3）混凝土的浇筑，宜延蜂巢芯的纵轴单向进行；且布料与震捣同步进行，以保证肋间混凝土充填饱满，无积存气囊、气泡。（4）浇筑混凝土蜂巢芯楼盖时，宜采用小型插入震动器（3cm）震捣，不得将震动器直接触压蜂巢芯进行震捣。（5）蜂巢芯高度超过450mm的楼板，混凝土浇注时宜分次进行。第一次布料高度不超过芯盒高度的3/5，待震动棒震实再进行第二次布料。（6）在浇筑混凝土时，如遇现场蜂巢芯变形过大或破损，应及时采用支护挡板措施，用以抵抗混凝土对蜂巢芯的压力，以蜂巢芯盒内不进混凝土为准。（7）混凝土浇筑时要安排专人随浇筑作业及时修补调整盒芯和钢筋。5 结束语目前，我国仍以传统的钢筋混凝土结构与新兴的钢结构、钢和混凝土组合结构的楼盖体系为主。GBF蜂巢芯空心楼盖施工技术，是建筑结构领域内的一项革新。本工程采用GBF蜂巢芯密肋楼盖结构，与无粘结预应力无梁楼盖、实心无梁楼板比较，无柱帽，实现了真正的平板，使用功能得到了改善，同时由于楼板混凝土体积减少，减轻了自重，并且具有较好的抗震性能，良好的隔音、保温隔热等特点。而且由于建筑材料的节约与施工的便利，带来了良好的经济效益。总之，该项技术目前的应用已日趋成熟，在建筑业以后的发展中，这种楼盖体系会逐渐在北方地区推广。作者简介：吕新伟，男，助理工程师，1976年生，中铁三局集团第四工程有限公司 北京。参考文献：【1】混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范GB50204-2011【2】建筑施工扣件式钢管脚手架安全技术规范JGJ130-2011【3】建筑施工门式钢管脚手架安全技术规范JGJ128-2010【4】建筑结构荷载规范GB50009-2012【5】钢结构设计规范GB50017-2003（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. A