食品感官分析与测试题.pdf

iicb|CONTENT-Sensory Analysis感官分析-Procedures For Smelling&Tasting闻味和尝味的程序-Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素Controls For Sensory Testing对感官测试的控制-Methods of Sensory Tests&the Application感官测试的方法及其应用What is Sensory Analysis?什么是感官分析Sensory Analysis is a scientific discipline used to evoke,measure,analyze and interpret reactions to those characteristics of foods and materials as they are perceived by the senses of:感官分析是一门科学，用来唤起、测量、分析和诠释对于食物和原料特质的反 应如以下感觉：Sight视觉Smell嗅觉 Hearing听觉Taste味觉 Touch触觉What is Sensory Analysis?什么是感官分析I小Sensory analysis is about collecting data from human assessors to understand what they perceived when exposed to a product感官分析是从人体感觉器官收集数据,进而了解它们是如何感知产品的Human are used as measuring instrument.人类作为测量的仪器irmenicb|The Sense of Smell 嗅觉Olfactory Nerve 嗅神Trigeminal Nerve二叉神 经IAroma香气：Odour of Product产 品 的气味(nasal route)网页鼻月至路彳至Aroma香气(retronasal route)逆鼻腔路时Procedures For Smelling 闻香的程序Repeated short or long hard sniffs.或长或短地重复用力吸气Sniff same number of times resting in between each series每次休息时吸气次数保持一致Solids or semi-solids should be stirred or broken in order to expose to a fresh surface固体或半固体应搅拌或破碎以提供新鲜的 表面michThe Sense of Taste 味觉Bitter苦味Acidic酸味 Salty咸味 Sweet甜味 Umami鲜味时Procedures For Tasting 尝味的程序 Liquids 液体Same amount fbr each judge 数量-致Taste small sips and roll around mouth to activate all taste bud areas啜饮以激活所有的味蕾Or slurp so that liquid is sprayed uniformly throughout the mouth或附嘟咕嘟地喝，使液体均匀分布在 口腔Rinse mouth carefully with water or have a bite of cracker仔细地漱口或者咬一 口苏打饼干时Procedures For Tasting 尝味的程序Solids固体Take small mouthfeels or pieces around the tongue to activate all taste bud areas取小块品尝，绕舌一圈，以激活所有 的味蕾Rinse and rest between samples to avoid carry-over or fatigue品尝不同样品间要漱口和休息一下，以避免味道残留或味觉疲劳Human as measuring Instrument 人类作为测量仪器Sensory Stimulus感官刺激Memory记忆Sense organ感觉器官Sensation感觉Brain大脑Motivation 动力Perception知觉Response 反应Expectation 期望时Human as measuring Instrument 人类作为测量仪器The stimulus hits the sense organ and is converted to a nerve signal which travels to the brain;the brain then organizes and integrates the incoming sensation into perceptions with the contribution of past experience;lastly a response is formulated based on the subjects5 perceptions感官受到刺激，将其转化为神经信号传输到 大脑；大脑根据以往的经验将感觉组织整合 为知觉.；最终，基于主体的知觉而形成反应Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素Expectation errorStimulus errorLeniency errorProximity errorCentral tendency error期望错误刺激错误宽大错误近似错误中心化错误irme时 Factors Influencing SensoryMeasurement影响感官测定的因素Suggestion effect暗示效应Positional bias(order effect)位置偏见（顺序效应）Contrast effect and convergence errorMotivation对照效应和集中错误动力Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素 Expectation error 期望的错误Information given with the sample may trigger preconceived ideas样品附带的信息可能导致先入为主Stimulus error刺激的错误Irrelevant criteria,such as color or size influence the observer无关的标准如颜色或大小会影响观 察者Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素 Leniency error览大的错误Based on their feelings about the researcher,ignoring product differences根据对研究者的感觉，而忽略了产品 的差异 Suggestion effect 暗 7J 效应Reactions of other members of a panel can influence the response of a panelist品尝小组中其他成员的反应会影响测 试者时Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素 Positional bias(order effect)直偏见(顺序效应)Score the second product(of a set of products)higher or lower than expected给一组产品中第二个产品打分偏高或 偏低 Contrast effect and convergence error对照效应和集中错误Exaggerate the difference or mask small differences between the other samples in their scores 夸大或掩盖样品间的差异Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素 Proximity error近彳以的错误Correlation between characteristics close together maybe higher than other characteristic相似特征间的关联比其他特征间的关 联可能要高一些 Central tendency error 中 心化 的错误Scoring products in the midrange of a scale to avoid extremes给产品打分偏中等，以避免极端irme时 Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素 Motivation 动力Affects sensory perception.For e.g.interested panelist is always more efficient and reliable.动力会影响感官知觉。比如感兴趣 的品尝小组成员总会更有效、更可WW oirme研 Controls For Sensory Testing 对感官测试的控制Environment Controls 环 境 的 控 制Panelist Controls品评小组的控制Environment Controls环境的控制Panel Booth Testing Area品评单|可的测试区域Sensory evaluation of products 产品 的感官品评Descriptive Evaluation&Training Area描述性品评和培训的区域、口Meeting with panelist和品评小组成员开会Sample preparation and serving 样品的准备和分发Office Area办公区域Administrative oreparations of tests and their interpretation恻试的行政准名和解释时Panel Booth Testing Area 品评单间的测试区域 Individual booth单独隔开的小I可 Sliding door 移动门 Neutral wall color中 性 的墙壁颜色 Sink and Tap水槽和 龙头 Colored lightning有颜色的光照 Odor-firee 无气味 Computer 电脑Descriptive Evaluation&Training Area 描述性品评和培训区域 Facilities similar to booth area设备和品评单间相似 Conference style table fbr 6-12 panelists可坐6-12人的会议桌 Whiteboard,clock白板，时钟 Preparation facilities fbr reference samples 准备参考样品的设施时Preparation&Serving Area 准备和分发区域 Well-equipped kitchen设备良打的厨房 Odor-free&ventilated无味且通风良好 Air-conditioned 空调 Refrigerator/frozen storage space冰精/冷冻保存空曾 Construction material建舒材料 Specialized equipment特殊器材irmeiicb|Office Area办公区域 Close to panel booth靠近品评单间 Convenient to locate records,storage space,any computer terminal便于安装记录、储存 空间和电脑终端 Phone,printer at sufficient distance电话、打印机 摆放在合理的距离内irme时 Sensory Analysis Laboratory 感官分析研究所Blind tests盲试ProduitFruite田2.Prod 售(PrnduitMapping(FCA)图示Controlled environment 控制的环境Quantitative Descriptive Profile 定量的风味描述Statistics 统计Panelist Control品评小组的控制Panel Orientation品 评员 的指导Before evaluation 品评前 Do not smoke and consume sweets,coffee or anything with a strong taste immediately or less than 30 minutes before the test测试前30分钟内不可抽烟，吃 糖，喝咖啡或品尝其他味重的 东西 Arrive at the time agreed fbr the test准时到达Panelist Control品评小组的控制 Panel Orientation品 评员 的指导Before evaluation 品评前 Do not use strong perfume,perfumed aftershave lotion,perfumed soap,etc不要使用浓烈的香水，润肤香 水，香皂等 Informed impaired physical form e.g.Cold or headache身体不适，如感冒或头痛Panelist Control 品评小组的控制Panel Orientation 品 评员 的指导During evaluation 测 中 Do not talk to colleagues during assessments测试时不要和同事说话 Do not bring extraneous items,such as newspapers into the test booth不要带无关的东西到测试场所 如报纸等Panelist Control品评小组的控制Panel Orientation 品 评员 的指导During evaluation 帆试;中 Use all the time available fbr making evaluations用全部的时间作测试 Panelist are not allowed to visit the test kitchen during the test测试时成员不可去测试准备室irmejnicb|Methods&Application 方法和应用情感方面的Consumer acceptance/opinions消费者认可/意见AffectiveConsumer preference 消 费者偏好Analytical分析的Product grading and ratingNew Product devehpment 新产品研发Product matching 产 品复制Product improvement 产 品 改进Process change工艺 改变Storage stability 贮存稳定性The Sensory tests 感官测试Analytical tests分析测试Affective tests情感测试Discriminative tests辨别测试To detect if there is a difference between a range of products 去发现一组产品 中是否有差别Hedonic/Preference tests喜好测试To study preferences and dislikes of consumers 研究消费者的喜好 和厌恶 Hedonic/Preference tests 喜好测温成对喜偏好测试Paired Preference Test姓名(Name):部|T(Department):Please rinse your mouth with water before starting.You have been given two samples.开始前请先漱 口。您将品尝到两个样品Taste the product on the left first.Then taste the product on the right.You may retaste as often as you need to.先尝左边产品，再 尝右边产品。可以按自己的需要反复品尝“Circle the number of preferred sample.圈出您喜欢的产品(157)(468)Please comment on the reasons for you choice 请说明您选择的理由:(157)(468)排序偏好测试Hedonic/Preference tests喜好测试Rank Preference Test姓名(Name):部 门(Department):Please rinse your mouth with water before starting,before each sample and anytime you need to.请在开始时,品尝每个样品 之间和任何您需要的时候漱口You will receive FOUR samples.Please rank them in the order of your degree of preference.你会收至U 四个样品(254,857,359,460),请按照喜欢的程度给它们排序Write to the very top the code of the sample you like best(to which you give the first position in the degree of preference)and to the very bottom the code of the sample you like least.将您最喜欢产品的编号写作最上方，最不喜欢的产品写在最不方Mark the degree of preference fbr the other samples in between.Ties are not allowed.其余的产品写在中间。不允许存在相 互联系 1st rank position#卜歹11位置(most iked 最喜欢)2nd rank position 排列位置_ 3rd rank position 力E歹!J位置 4th rank position 排歹U位置(least liked 最不喜欢)姓名(Name):部 n(Department):Hedonic/Preference tests 喜好测试享乐型的批分测试Hedonic Rating TestPlease taste each sample from LEFT to RIGHT.Please drink water and eat a cracker between samples.请从左到右品尝每个样品。请在品尝样品之间喝水吃饼干Considering All characteristics(APPEARANCE,FLA VOUR,and TEXTURE),Indicate your overall opinion by circling one point on the following scale.考虑所有特征(外观，风味和组织),并圈出能够反映你整体意见的分值”Sample Code()()()()Rating ScaleLike extremely9999Like very much8888Like moderately7777Like slightly6666Neither like nor dislike5555Dislike slightly4444Dislike moderately3333Dislike very much2222Dislike extremely1111Describe what you liked and disliked about each of the samples.描述你对这个产品有什么喜欢还是不喜欢的地方？).).).姓名Name产品 Product目标 OBJECTIVE:INSTRUCTIONS:Evaluation Form Hedonic/Preference tests 喜好测试日期DateTo obtain general description about the products based on the comments given by the panellist,and to determine the preference among the samples,for more than two samples evaluation.You are given a few samples.Pls.describe them,rate your preference and rank them accordingly(Remark:Equal ranks are not allowed.)1-Dislike Extremely非常不喜欢；2-Dislike Very Much很不喜欢；3-Dislike Moderately不喜欢；4-Dislike Slightly有点不喜欢;5-Neither Like Nor Dislike;既不喜欢也不讨厌6-Like Slightly有点喜欢;7-Like Moderately喜欢；8-Like Very Much 很喜欢;9-Like Extremely非常喜欢SampleEvaluation commentsRating(1-9)Rank548216703549612Discriminative tests 辨别测试相同的样品：Identical samples三角测试Triangle Test姓名(Name):P18部|(Department):您将品尝到3个样品。两个是同样的，一个是不同的。You have been given three samples.Two of these samples are identical,one is different.请集中注意力，依次品尝这些样品，区分它们的不同之处：Please taste these samples in the order given below in concentrating your attention on the difference in flavour:圈出与其他两个不同的样品号Circle the number of the different sample.837911标出它们之间的差别大小程度Indicate the degree of difference in flavour between the identical samples and the different one.No differenceInsignificantModerateVery Noteci bleExtreme2注：Comments司的样品：Different sample586Discriminative tests 辨别测试对比测试Duo-Trio Test姓名(Name):部门(Department):我们会给您一个标为“R”的参照样品和另外两个样品。You have been given a reference sample R and two coded samples.请先品尝样品“R”，然后再品尝其他两个。在后两个样品中选出您认为与“R”相同的样品。Please smell and taste the reference sample R first,followed by the two coded samples.Indicate which of the two coded samples is identical to the reference sample R”.如果您认为两个样品与“R”都很相似，您必须在其中猜选一个。If no difference is apparent between the two unknown samples,you must guess.可以允许重复品尝Retasting is allowed.圈出您认为与参照样品相同的样品号Circle the number of the identical sample.278543评注：Comments278543Discriminative tests 辨别测试DIFFERENCE FROM CONTROL TEST五选二测试TWO OUT OF FIVE TEST姓名(Name):P20 部 门(Department):我们会给您五个样品.其中两个是同样的，而另三个相同成为一组.You have been given five samples.Two of these five samples belong to one set;the other three belong to another set.请选择两个相同的样品，在这两个样品编号边打上X记号Identify the two samples which belong together by placing an X after the code number.同时请在评语栏里填上作相应评价Please comment accordingly.编号CODE评语 COMMENTS:Two samples groupThree samples groupDiscriminative tests 辨别测试nicb|排序测试Ranking Test姓名(Name):部门(Department):您将品尝到不同甜味强度的三个样品You have been given three samples of different sweetness intensity.请闻其香味，尝其味，并回答下列问题Please smell and taste these samples and answer the following question:399 525 833按其甜味强度依次排列Rank these three products in ascending order of their sweetness:No.lNo.2No.3(No.l为甜度最低，No.3为甜度最强)(With No.l of the least sweetness and No.3 of the highest sweetness)评注：Comments姓名(Name):_产品(Product):Milk powder(4)Utilisation of the CATEGORY scaleSandies:987SWEET:0378SWEET:0249SWEET:0527SWEET:0Discriminative tests 辨别测试 打分测试Scaling Test部门(Department):_23 4 5 62 3 4 5610.Absence2 3 4 521.Just Detectable63 4 52.Weak 3.Moderate4.Slightly Strong 5.Strong 6.Very Strong6Discriminative tests 辨别测试打分测试Scaling Test姓名(Name):部 n(Department):Intensity rating scale with the utilisation of Difference.Please rate according to the referenceRef A，Ref.B:0I 101_01 10Samples:_i2680 1_11045710_1_ 101_17610._11101_10110534AbsentModerateVery IntenseDiscriminative tests 辨别测试DIFFERENCE FROM CONTROL TESTName:Date:3/11/01Type of Sample:Instructions:.You have received 4 samples(3-digit coded)and a control sample marked R”.Taste the control sample marked R first.Then taste the test sample marked“XXX in the indicated sequence order.Assess the overall sensory differences between the two samples using the scaleBelow.Comment on the differences.01 23456789 10No Moderate ExtremeDiff Diff.Remember that a Duplicate Control is the sample some of the time.Code Degree of Difference Comments on DifIerence(Strength/Profile etc.)J32 _ _581 _ _463694Descriptive tests描述测试描述测试Descriptive Test姓名(Name):W 门(Department):您将品尝到7种奶粉的样品，请闻其香，尝其味，并描述其口味You have been given seven Milk powder products.Please smell and taste the samples and try to describe the perceived taste.确认您是否能感觉出下列描述，若不能，请将此描述此划去，若您想到另外的描述，请添加Confirm if you can feel these listed descriptions in the following products.If no,please slash on this descriptor.And if you detect some descriptors other than the listed comments,please add accordingly.SampleCONSOLLIDATED DESCRIPTORS548216703549Descriptive tests描述测试B/描述测试Descriptive TestName姓名:Department 部门:INTENSITY MEASUREMENT OF DESCRIPTORTaste the sample and give your overall opinion about the intensity of the different notes usingthe 7-pt scale.Rinse your mouth so as to clear your palette each time after tasting each product to give a more accurate rating for each descriptors.0.Absence 1.Just Detectable 2.Weak 3.Moderate4.Slightly Strong 5.Strong 6.Very StrongSample:3571SWEET1234562FRUITY1234563JUICY1234564SKINNY1234565GREEN1234566PULPY123456irmeTHE END 线 r Thank you for your participation.谢谢您的参与。