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(外研版)初中英语笔记
初一 (上)
Module 1.Nice to meet you
1. 动词be(am,is,are)说明身份、年龄、状态等
I am a student. 我是一个学生。
I am twelve years old. 我12岁。
I am very well. 我身体很好。
be的一般现在时疑问式:
—Are you from Americ?你来自美国吗?
—Yes,I am.是的,我是。
—Is he Chinese? 他是中国人吗?
—No,he is’not.不,他不是。
注:动词be一般现在时的一般疑问句是把be提至句首,其否定句式的构成是在be后直接加not (可以缩写)。
动词be的几种表达形式:
1) be+形容词 I am very happy.我很幸福。
2) be+名词 They are my friends.他们是我的朋友。
3) be+介词短语 She is at home now. 她现在在家。
4) be+形容词短语 He is only twelve years old.他只有12岁。
5) be+副词 Class is over. 下课了。
2.be from表示“来自哪里”、“从哪里来”或是“哪里人”
3.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词:
主格
I
我
You
你
He
他
She
她
It
它
We
我们
You
你们
They
他们
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
形容词
My
我的
Your
你的
His
他的
Her
她的
Its
它的
Our
我们的
Your
你们的
Their
他们的
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代词
Myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
Themselves
Module 2.Me,my parents and my friends
1. 情态动词can
①“can+动词原形”表示“某人能做某事”。
I can speak English. 我会说英语。
I can play table tennis.我会打乒乓球。
②can没有人称和数的变化。不论表示谁能(不能)做某事,都是用can(not)。cannot可以缩写为can’t。
Daming can ride a bike. He can’t drive a car.大明会骑自行车,他不会开汽车。
They can swim. They can’t dance.他们会游泳,不会跳舞。
③can的疑问句式的回答十分简单,肯定用can,否定用can’t。
—Can you play football?
—Yes, I can. /No, I can’t.
2. welcome (sb) to+地名 “欢迎某人来某地”
Welcome all of you to our city.欢迎你们所有人来我们的城市做客。
Module 3. My new school
1. there be
① there be句型表示“……地方有……”
There is an apple on the desk. 桌上有一个苹果。 There are many students on the playground.操场上有许多学生。
② 的构成形式一般为“there is/are+某物/人+地点”。它既可以表示某地方有什么东西,也可以表达某地方有什么人。
③ there be句型的疑问形式是将be提至there之前,构成is there/are there的句式,而否定形式则是在be后面加not。
2. 基数词(表示数目或数目多少的词)
① 1---12单独记。即:one, tow, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。
②13---19的基数词以—teen结尾。如:
fourteen, seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13---thirteen, 15---fifteen, 18---eighteen。
③20---90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:sixty, ninety, 但特殊的有,20---twenty, 30---thirty, 40---forty, 50---fifty, 80---eighty。
④十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”。如:28—twenty-eight。
⑤百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。如:406—four hundred and six, 148—one hundred and forty-eight。
⑥1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”,第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为十亿(billion)。如:274,350---two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。
Module 4 My family
1. 1)have got/has got 表示“拥有”如:
I have got a lot of friends.我有许多朋友。
He has got two sisters.他有两个妹妹。
We have got a computer.我们有一台电脑。 2) 如果要表达“没有”,则要用have not(haven’t) got 或has not( hasn’t) got;要问“有没有”则要把have/has提至句首
如:You haven’t got a bike. 你没有自行车。
Has he got a brother? 他有兄弟吗?
3)区别:have got 表示“有”时指的是“某人有”;there be句型表示“某个地方有某人或某物”,表示的是“存在”。如:
I have got a new textbook. 我有一本新教科书。
There is a new textbook on the desk. 课桌上放着一本新教科书。
Module 5 Health food
1. some﹠any“一些”
some用于肯定句中,any用于疑问句和否定句中。Some和any既可用于可数名词的复数之前,也可用于不可数名词之前。可数名词如果是单数,加不定冠词,而不可数名词只要表示一定的量就要加Some或any。例句:
There is some milk in the cup. 杯子里有一些牛奶。
There are some students in the classroom.教室里有一些学生。
We haven’t got any English classmates. 我们没有英国同学。
Is there any good news today? 今天有好消息吗?
2. 可数名词[C]的复数形式:
条件
变化条件
例词
一般情况下
加-s
shops, desks, bags
单词以s,x, ch, sh结尾
加-es
buses, watches
单词以“辅音字母+y”结尾
去掉y,加-ies
babies, cities, stories
单词以o结尾(有生命的)
加-es
tomatoes(西红柿)
potatoes, heroes
单词以o结尾(无生命的)
加-s
radios, zoos
一些以f或fe结尾的单词(life, knife, wife, wolf, thief, shelf, half, leaf)
把f, fe变成-ves
life---lives, knife---knives
不规则变化,如:man---men, woman---women, child---children
Foot---feet, tooth---teeth, mouse---mice
单复数同形的名词,如:deer, sheep, Chinese(中国人), Japanese
常见的不可数名词[U]有;
1) 物质名词:milk, meat, rice, wheat(小麦),water, money
2) 抽象名词:beauty, health, youth, strength(力量)
3. drink做名词时,表“饮料”或“饮料的一杯(一份)”,如:
I would like a cold drink. 我想要杯冷饮。
Can I have a drink of water, please? 我可以来杯水吗?
drink做动词时,表“饮”或“喝酒”。如:
He doesn’t smoke or drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
Module 6 An invitation to the cinema
1. 情态动词would
1)Would you like to do…? “你愿意……”,表示邀请对方做某
如:—Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?
—Yes, I’d like to./ Yes, very much.或
—Sorry, I already have an appointment(约定)
2)would like to = want to do = feel like + v-ing. 表示“想要……”。
如:I would like to go to school on foot today.
3)would like + 名词或代词
如: —Would you like some oranges?
—Yes, please. / No, thanks.
2.介词at, in, on引导时间
⑴ at 用在时刻前 at 8:30
亦与正午、午夜连 at midday, at night
⑵ 月季年长时间,in 需放在其前面 in the evening, in 1937,in May,
in spring,
⑶ on 特指某一天 on a happy day, on Sunday moring
放在日期、星期、节日前 on May 1st, on Friday, on Children’s Day
⑷ 今明昨天前后天,上下这那每天前,at, in, on都不填。
3. invite sb. to do sth. “邀请某人做某事”。 n. invitaion
I’d like to invite Lingling to my birthday party.
Module 7 My school day
1. 行为动词的一般现在时㈠㈡㈢㈣
⑴要表达经常性或习惯性的动作,就要使用一般现在时。如:
I do my homework in the evening.
We have dinner at school.
⑵如果表示的是现在的状态,可以用一般现在时。
I know him very well.
I like English very much.
⑶表述客观真理和客观存在及自然现象,也可以用一般现在时。
In summer, days are longer than nights.夏天,白天比夜晚长。
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
⑷第一人称和第二人称、第三人称复数的一般现在时其谓语动词没有形式的变化,其否定形式一般是在谓语动词前加don’t(do not)。
I don’t go to school on Sunday. I go to the park on Sunday.
⑸在表述日常行为时会用到时间,时间的表达方式:
★先“时”后“分”。如:6:15 six fifteen
★先“分”后“时”。
当分钟数小于30分时,用“分钟数+past+钟点数”表示;如:
8:15 fifteen past eight /a quarter past eight
当分钟数等于30分时,用“half +past+点钟数“表示;如:
8:30 half past eight
当分钟数大于30分时,用“(60-分钟数)+to+下一个点钟数”表示。如: 8:55 five to nine
★整点的表达法:点钟数+(o’clock)如:11:00 eleven o’clock / eleven
⑹主语为第三人称单数的行为动词的一般现在时形式有变化,其变化规则与名词的复数形式相同。如下表:
一般动词后加-s
wears, reads, plays, works, likes
以s, x, c h ,s h 结尾,后加-e s
watches, brushes
以辅音字母+o结尾,一般加-es
goes, does
辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-es
worries, carries
⑺表经常性或习惯性的行为时常可使用频度副词,如always(总是), often(经常), usually(通常), sometime(有时), seldom(很少), never(从不),它们在句中的位置是放在行为动词之前。如:
I often get up at five past six.
She always wears (in) red.
He usually plays basketball on Saturday morning.
They never play computer games.
⑻主语是第三人称单数的行为动词的一般现在时否定形式是在行为动词前加doesn’t(does not) 谓语动词为动词原形。如:
肯定:He gets up very early. 他起床很早。
否定:He doesn’t get up very early. 他起床不很早。
⑼行为动词的一般疑问句:将do或does提至句首,后面的谓语动词用动词原形,回答用“Yes, …”或“No, …”。如:
--Do you often send emails?
--Yes, I do. /No, I don’t.
—Does the dog like apples?
—Yes, it does. /No, it doesn’t.
⑽行为动词的特殊疑问句:疑问词(what, where, when, how…)+一般疑问句。如:When do they have lunch?
Module 8 Different habits
1. give sb. sth. 给某人某物
2. send sb. sth. 送某人某物
3. ①What about…?或 How about…?常常用来征求意见或打听消息,表示“……怎么样?”
What about Ann –is she polite? 安怎么样?她有礼貌吗?
②What /How about…? 还可用来提出建议,表示“……怎么样?”“……好吗?”
How about going to Paris for a holiday?
Module 9 A trip to the zoo
1. hundred, thousand, million, billion 等修饰名词时,前面有具体数字,不用复数形式,不与of 连用。如:five thousand visitors,
hundred of foreign visitors (数以百计的外国游客)
2. like to do sth. /like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
3. come from…=be from…“来自、、、、、、”
Module 10 Computers
1. 序数词的构成:
①一般由基数词在词尾加-th。如:ten—tenth, six--sixth
②特殊:one—first, two—second, three—third, five—fifth, eight—eighth, nine—ninth, twelve—twelfth.
③以-ty结尾的基数词,变y为I,再加-eth. 如:thirty—thirtieth
④20以上的十位或百位的基数词,只将其个位上的基数词变为序数词。如:forty-three—forth-third,
⑤序数词有时可用缩写形式。如:first—1st, second—2nd
2. 常见的特殊疑问句
⑴询问身体状况 How are you ?
⑵询问年龄 How old are you ?
⑶询问数量 How many/ How much…?
⑷对时间的提问 如:
-- How long does it take her to get to the park?
-- It takes her about 2 hours to get to the part.
⑸询问频率 如:
--How often do you use a computer?
--Once a week.
⑹多久 How soon…
⑺对距离(路程)的提问 How far…
⑻对交通方式的提问
--How does Tony get to school? ---By bicycle. / Take the bicycle.
(walk to…==go to…on foot)
⑼询问日期
---What’s the date today?
---It’s the May 15.
⑽询问星期
---What day is it today?
--- It’s Sunday.
⑾询问时间
---What time is it?
---It’s 12:00.
⑿询问人品或性格
---What is your teacher like?
---She is very friendly.
⒀询问某人长相
---What does Li Yuchun look like?
---She is tall and slim(苗条).
⒁询问职业
What does your mother do?
What is your mother?
What’s your mother’s job?
⒂问路
Where is the park?
Which is the way to the park?
How do I get to the park?
Can you tell me the way to the park?
Is there a park near here? .............
⒃询问天气
What’s the weather like?
How’s the weather?
What’s the weather going to be?
⒄询问某人对某事的看法、态度
What do you think of…? / How do you like…?
What does it feel like?
⒅提出建议
Why don’t (you) do…?
Why not+动词原形
How /What about + v-ing .
Let’s do sth.
Shall we+动词原形
You’d better (not) do…?
⒆询问人口
What’s the population of+地名
How large is the population of…
⒇谈论爱好
What is your hobby?
What do you like to do in your free time?
Why do you enjoy your hobby?
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