瞬间动词也叫lsquo短暂动词rsquo和延续性动词市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,“,瞬间动词,(也叫短暂动词)”和“,延续性动词,”,1、,瞬间动词：,从“,开始,发生”到“,结束/终止,”：,几乎同时,或在,极短时间里,（如几秒钟/几分钟内）就完毕了“开始结束”过程，如“,Close,the door”,“,Open,the door”,有些瞬间动词“开始结束过程”,也许稍微长一些,，但也不会很长，如,“buy sth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完毕了。,因此，“,我买了这块手表5年了,”，,在汉语中说通,，但英语表示就不能说：,I,have bought,the watch,for five years,.,buy sth-have sth(拥有)-,have/has+had,sth,for,A:I,have had,the watch,for,5 years.,B:,It,is,(has been)five years,since,I,bought,the watch.,C:I,bought,it,5 years ago.,现在完成时与瞬间动词,第1页,第1页,同理，“,borrow,sth”“借书”在办理了相关登记手续后就 结束了，不也许“借”几种星期 或好几年！汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。”意思是：,“我两周前（,borrowed,it），（在归还前）现在它还在我手里（I,still have,it or I,m still reading,it.）,Right or Wrong?,A:I,have borrowed,the book,for,two weeks.,B:I,have had /kept,it,for,two weeks.,C:,Its,2 weeks,since,I,borrowed,it.,D:I,borrowed,it 2 weeks,ago,.,(Wrong),(Right),(Right),(Right),第2页,第2页,现在完成时与瞬间动词,瞬间动词能够用于现在完毕时，但不能和表示一段时间状语连用。如可说“,He has left,.”但不能说“,He has left for three years,.”假如要表示“他已走了三年了”可用下列几种表示法：,一、用ago,使用普通过去时。,He left here three years ago,.,二、用“It is+一段时间since 普通过去时从句”,It is three years since he left here.,三、用“一段时间have/has passed+since+普通过去时从句”,Three years have passed since he left here.,第3页,第3页,以上三种表示办法适合用于所有瞬间动词。,另外，还可用其它表示办法，但只适合用于部分瞬间动词。详细办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续动词或者表状态be+名词形容词或副词介词短语等。,1.直接转化成延续性动词,buy catch(get)a cold,borrow/lend come/go/become,have,have a cold,keep,be,put on,wear,e.g.,这本书我买了三个月了。,I have bought this book for three months.,x,had,_,第4页,第4页,2.转换成be+名词/介词短语,join the army,join the Party,go to school,be a soldier,be a Party member,be a student,3转换成be+形容词或副词,die finish begin/start,leave fall asleep/ill,close open,be dead,be over,be on,be away,from(,地点,),be asleep,/,ill,be closed,be open,go out,be out,get up,be up,e.g.,他去世五年了。,He has died for five years.,been dead,_,x,be,in,school,/,be,in,the army,/,be,in,the Party,arrive/come/reach,be in,/,at,+,地点,stay,第5页,第5页,e.g.,他自从1985就参军了。,He,has been a soldier,since 1985.,He,has been in the army,since 1985.,第6页,第6页,.我们买这本书三年了.,We,have had,the book,for three years,.,他感冒三天了.,He,has had,a cold for three days.,We,bought,the book,three years ago,.,He,caught,a cold three days ago.,普通过去时态和现在完毕时态能够构成同义句,第7页,第7页,自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.,I,have kept,the book since last week.,我成为一个学生两年多了.,I,have been,a student for over two years.,I,borrowed,the book last week.,I,became,a student two years ago.,Mr Black死了三年了。,Mr Black,has been dead,for three years.,Mr Black,died,three years ago.,第8页,第8页,小明参军六个月了。,Xiao Ming,has been a soldier,for half a year.,Xiao Ming,joined,the army half a year ago.,我们上了8年学了。,We,have been students,for eight years.,下课10分钟了,The class,has been over,for ten minutes.,9.电影开始了一小时了,The film,has been on,for an hour.,10.门打开半小时了,The door,has been open,for half an hour.,第9页,第9页,Practice:,瞬间,动词和,延续性,动词、状态句型转化练习（1）：,1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。,A:You are late.The film,for 10 minutes.,B:You are late.It,ten minutes since the film,.,C:You are late.The film,10 minutes,.,2、我叔叔当兵已有2年了。,A:My uncle,the army for 2 years.,B:It,2 years,my uncle joined the army.,C:My uncle,the army 2 years ago.,3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。,A:Linda,a cold,4 to 5 days.,B:It,4 to 5 days since Linda,a cold,C:Linda,a cold 4 or 5 days,.,has been on,is,began,/,started,began,/,started,has been in,is,since,joined,has had,for,is,caught,caught,ago,ago,第10页,第10页,Practice:,瞬间,动词和,延续性,动词、状态句型转化练习（2）,：,4、他爷爷去世已有5年了。,A:His grandpa,for 5 years.,B:It,5 years since his grandpa,.,C:His grandpa,5 years,.,5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。,A:Youre late.The train,for 20 minutes.,B:It,20 minutes since the train,.,C:The train,20 minutes,.,6、他们到深圳已有3年多了。,A:They,Shenzhen for over 3 years.,B:It,over 3 years since they,Shenzhen.,C:They,Shenzhen over 3 years,.,has been dead,is,died,died,ago,has been away,is,left,left,ago,have been,/,stayed in,is,arrived in,got to,/,reached,arrived in,got to,/,reached,ago,第11页,第11页,区别,短暂性动词,与,连续性动词,.,表示短暂性(瞬间性)动词在现在完毕时句中,不能,和,一段时间,连用.即,for,since,短语或,how long,问句.,第12页,第12页,动词的过去分词的变化规律,第13页,第13页,以动词go为例，go是动词原形，goes是单数第三人称形式，went是过去式,going是现在分词，而gone则是它过去分词。,第14页,第14页,规则动词过去分词,work,visit,ask,play,stay,work,ed,visit,ed,ask,ed,play,ed,stay,ed,like,d,live,d,move,d,like,live,move,carr,i,ed,worr,i,ed,tr,i,ed,cr,i,ed,carry worry try cry,stop drop rob plan prefer,stop,p,ed,drop,p,ed,rob,b,ed,plan,n,ed,prefer,r,ed,第15页,第15页,三式相同,不规则动词过去分词,cost cut hit hurt set put shut read,let,一、,A A A,型,原形、过去式和过去分词同形：,第16页,第16页,bring buy think teach catch,build,br,ought,b,ought,th,ought,t,aught,c,aught,buil,t,br,ought,b,ought,th,ought,t,aught,c,aught,buil,t,feel,leave,tell,sell,say,lay,find,get,have,fe,lt,le,ft,t,old,s,old,sa,id,la,id,f,ou,nd,g,o,t,h,a,d,fe,lt,le,ft,t,old,s,old,sa,id,la,id,f,ou,nd,g,o,t,h,a,d,二、,A B B,型,过去式和过去分词同形：,第17页,第17页,hear hear,d,hear,d,hold h,e,ld h,e,ld,keep k,ept,k,ept,learn learn,t,learn,t,lend len,t,len,t,make ma,d,e ma,d,e,meet m,e,t m,e,t,pay pa,id,p,a,id,send sen,t,sen,t,sit s,a,t s,a,t,sleep sl,ept,sl,ept,smell smel,t,smel,t,二、,A B B,型,过去式和过去分词同形：,第18页,第18页,spend spen,t,spen,t,stand st,oo,d st,oo,d,understand underst,oo,d underst,oo,d,二、,A B B,型,过去式和过去分词同形：,第19页,第19页,begin,fall,fly,forget,take,wear,write,be,break,do,come become run,c,a,me bec,a,me r,a,n,c,o,me bec,o,me r,u,n,beg,a,n,f,e,ll,fl,ew,forg,o,t,t,ook,w,ore,wr,o,te,was,/,were,br,oke,d,id,beg,u,n,fall,en,fl,own,forg,otten,take,n,w,orn,writte,n,been,br,oken,do,ne,四、,A B C,型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异,三、,A B A,型 原形与过去分词同形,第20页,第20页,四、,A B C,型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异,draw dr,e,w draw,n,drink dr,a,nk dr,u,nk,drive dr,o,ve drive,n,eat,ate,eat,en,give g,a,ve give,n,go,went,go,ne,grow gr,e,w grow,n,know kn,e,w know,n,lie l,ay,l,ain,ride r,o,de rid,d,e,n,第21页,第21页,ring r,a,ng r,u,ng,see s,aw,see,n,show show,ed,show,n,sing s,a,ng s,u,ng,speak sp,oke,sp,oken,swim sw,a,m sw,u,m,四、,A B C,型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异,take t,ook,take,n,throw thr,e,w throw,n,wake w,o,ke w,o,ke,n,五、,A A B,型 原形与过去式同形,beat,beat beat,en,第22页,第22页,lie/lie,d,/lie,d,说谎,lie/l,ay,/l,ain,躺下，位于，平放,lay/la,id,/la,id,放置；下蛋,第23页,第23页,现在完成时“三看三用”,一看时间状语,。假如句中没有表示过去确切时间状语，惯用现在完毕时；假如有，则只能用普通过去时。如：,I have visited the factory.,I visited the factory last year.,二看句首有无疑问词。,假如笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），惯用,现在完毕时,；但进一步问询何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用,普通过去时,。如：,Have you had your breakfast?Yes,I have.,When did you have it?At seven thirty.,第24页,第24页,1.,现在完毕时可和疑问词where,why,how等连用，,但,不能和when,/,what time连用,Why have you turned off the TV?（你为何关掉电视？）,你什么时间关上？,X,When have you turned off the TV?,When did you turn off the TV?,2.,终止性动词现在完毕时否认式,已成为一个可延续性状态,因此,能够和表一段时间时间状语连用.,e.g.,自从1985年,他就没离开过这.,He,hasnt,left here since 1985.,第25页,第25页,三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词,。假如表示动作或状态始终延续到现在，最好选取延续性动词，并使用现在完毕时；假如是瞬间动词，则用普通过去时。如：,He,has been,a league member,for two months,.,He,joined,the Youth League,two months ago,.,第26页,第26页,