英语写作训练公开课.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,英语写作专题,绵竹中学韩勇,写作训练的思路,写一完整的句子,:,句子的完整,句子的连贯,句子的简洁,句子的多样化,主题句,扩展句,结论句,设计一个段落,:,基础写作,读写任务,写一个完整的句子,这几句是正确的句子吗,?,如果你认为有误,该怎么改,?,1.Work hard,you will succeed.,2.There are only 4 students take part in the,class.,and,who,taking/to take,句子的分类,简单句,:,只包含一个主谓结构的句子,.,并列句,:,主谓结构,+,连词,(and,but,so,or)+,主谓结构,(,或更多的主谓结构,),复合句,:,引导词,+,主谓结构,主谓结构,(,从句,)(,主句,),五种基本的简单句,主语,+,不及物动词,2.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,Birds fly.,Buses run from dawn till midnight.,We are studying hard.,We have read many books.,They do shopping at the weekend.,We are learning English.,3.,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,4.,主语,+,及物动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,5.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,We are students.,He became a scientist.,That sounds good.,He gave,Tom,a present,.,He offered,me,a job,.,We made,him,our monitor,.,The manager thinks,the plan,practical,.,He will have,his bike,repaired,.,I wont have,you,speaking,to your mother like that.,并列句,1.,用连词,/,副词,(and,but,so,for,or,not onlybut also,eitheror,neithernor,while,bothand,however,therefore),1)Li Ming is 18 years old,and,he is a student in No.1 Middle School.,2)Hurry up,or,you,ll be late for school,.,3)I must go now,for my sister is waiting for me.,2.,用,“,;”,3.,用,“,;+adv”,1)We fished all day;,we,didn,t catch anything.,We fished all day,;,however,we didn,t catch anything.,2)The car was almost new,;,besides,it was in excellent condition.,but we,so all,2)Lily does well in study;,all,the teachers think highly of her.,复合句,复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构,其中,有一个主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个些主谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一（些）成分，,如,:,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语,状语等,.,根据他们在句子中的功能分别称为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,状语从句,等,.,句子的连贯,Faulty:A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.,Faulty:The idea he mentioned at first sounded good.,1,.A man is judged not only by,what he says,but also,by what he does.,2,.A man is judged not only by,his words,but also by,his deeds,.,1.The idea he,first,mentioned sounded good.,2.The idea he mentioned sounded good,at first,.,前后的一致、对等、平衡,连贯性的要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，有衔接，思想的表达应该有序，清楚句子与句子之间的过渡要符合逻辑，不能造成歧义或矛盾,句子的简洁,文字简洁,.,如下面这些短语均可用括号中的词代替,:from time to time(often),draw a conclusion(conclude),with anger(angrily),It is clear that(clearly),试比较下列改写的句子,.,Do you know the man,who is speaking at the meeting?,Look out for cars while,you are crossing the street?,Do you know the man,speaking at the,meeting,?,Look out for cars while,crossing the,street,?,2.,避免使用同义词重复,.(,如下面的这些句子,划线部分重复,应删掉,),.,1).He is blind in both eyes.,He is blind in the left eye.,2).In my opinion,I think your plan is feasible.,3).The desk is round in shape and red in color.,4).I shall accompany my mother by going with her to the market.,句子表达的多样性及档次,翻译下面句子：,我知道你喜欢她,Your liking her is known to us,We are aware of your liking her,That you like her is known to us,We know it a fact that you like her,What we know is that you like her,We know that you like her,It is known to us that you like her,We know the fact that you like her,As far as we know,you like her,As we all know,you like her,You like her,which is known to us,段落,(,设计好一个段落,),一般说来,一个段落由三部分组成,:,主题句,扩展句和结论句,.,主题句提出的论述的主题,扩展句利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说明,结论句总结全文,在论证的基础上得出结论,.,这三者是段落的必要成分,他们相辅相成,构成一个完整的段落,.,有些段落还有过渡句,它起到段与段之间的顺利过渡,.,1.,主题句,1),主题句的位置,:,请找出段落的主题句,Smoking is harmful to your health.Experiment show that smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious disease cancer,smoking can also cause other health problems.For example,it gives one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or the terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?,Albert Einstein,one of the worlds greatest scientists,failed in his university entrance exam on his first attempt.William Faulkner,one of Americas famous writers,never finished college because he could not pass his English courses.Sir Winston Churchill,who is considered one of the masters of the English language,was very poor in English during middle school.These few examples show that school does not always predict failure in life.,Karaok,which was invented by a Japanese,one of the greatest wonders of modern technology.Needless to say,Karaok is a good way of rest.You can learn a new song easily.Its also a good way to make your friends happy.Nearly every body has a chance to be a singing star.However,everything has two sides,so does Karaok.Its noisy to your neighbors.Besides,if you sing badly,they will feel uncomfortable.In fact,you are sure to make a sound pollution,2),写好主题句,有两条原则,1.,主题句要明确,句中须有一个词,词组,或从句让读者一目了然本段的确切主题,明确本段的重点或观点,.,例如,:This paragraph will talk about birds.,这句作为主题句就太笼统,不确切,.,试比较以下几句,下列几个主题句就确切地阐明了段落的主题,:,a.Birds have a great sense of direction.,b.Pet owners prefer certain species of birds.,c.In my opinion,a bird makes a better pet than a cat does.,d.Birds are suffering from air-pollution.,2.,主题句要概括,它陈述你要说明的重点和观点,句中必须包含有可扩展主题的词,词组或从句,.,他应该是你将进一步表明你的态度和看法的概括,.,同时,主题句有利于控制作者本人的主题的扩展,.,例如,:The young girl studied Chinese History.,该主题句未能概括主题的要点,则不利于下面的扩展,.,最好增添一个词或一个短语来修改这个句子,以便顺利地展开你的主题,.,例如,:,a.The young girl eagerly studied Chinese History.,b.The young girl studied Chinese History under a famous historian.,c.The young girl found three reasons for studying Chinese History.,扩展句,扩展句的作用是丰富,支持,扩展主题句的内涵,.,他们是段落的血和肉,.,扩展句的表达形式是多种多样的,可以按时间或空间顺序,从整体到局部从局部到整体的方法叙述,描写,说明或议论,也可用比较,对比,比喻,推导,归纳,演绎的手段来展现,.,单一性,:,一个段落只说明一个问题,讲述一件事,扩展句必须紧紧地围绕着主题句,不偏离中心思想,.,通常对扩展句的要求有两个,:,单一性和连贯性,找出一个违背单一性的句子,.,China has made great progress in reducing its population growth.,China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970.,It is wrong of the western governments to find fault with its policies of elimination of poverty.,China now urges each family to have no more than one child.,And it hopes to reach zero population growth,the number of birth equaling the number of death,by the year 2000.,连贯性,:,段落中各扩展句前后衔接,条理清楚,合乎逻辑,使读者很容易抓住段落的中心思想,.,在议论文中,我们常会谈到首先,其次,然后,该如何表达,?,1)first,second,third,last,2)firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally,3)the first,the second,the third,the last,4)to begin with,then,furthermore,finally,5)to start with,next,in addition,/besides,last but not least,6)on the one hand,on the other hand,7)for one thing,for another thing,结论句,结论句并非必不可少,但它能起到以下的作用,:,(1),表示段落的结束,(2),总结要点,与,主题句,相呼应,(3),供读者就本段落的主要内容和见解有个深刻的印象或进行思考,基础写作的评分标准,:,准确性,:,句子的表达要符合语法规范,.,完整性,:,题目所列举的信息要表达完整,连贯性,:,整段话是一个篇章,句子之间要衔接自然,能恰当地使用连词,不是单纯的翻译句子,复杂性,:,无,基础写作四重奏,:,1.,信息划分,:,确定哪些相关的信息可用一句话表达,确保,5,个句子表达完所有的信息,.,建议可在题目上用铅笔做,的标志,(,完整性,),2.,列出关键词组和句型,(,准确性,),3.,串联句子,:,用正确的语法结构写出准确的句子,并形成篇章,(,连贯性,),4.,检查,(,准确性,),写作内容,人物介绍：老师范例,(1),1,李莎，女，英语老师,22,岁，,1.65,米，身材苗条,装扮入时。,2,性格活泼，爱唱爱跳，爱开玩笑。,3,教学方法生动活泼，常做游戏，精讲多练。,4,与学生关系融洽，深受同学欢迎；,5.,常与学生通过电子邮件和网上聊天交流。,写作要求,1,题目：,A Unique Teacher,2,必须使用,5,个句子介绍全部所给的内容,3,将,5,个句子组织成连贯的短文,步骤一：句子内容完整性将所给信息整合成,5,个句子,1,李莎，女，,22,岁，,1,。,65,米，身材苗条，装扮入时。,2,性格活泼，爱唱爱跳，爱开玩笑。,3,教学方法生动活泼，常做游戏，精讲多练。,4,与学生关系融洽，深受同学欢迎；,5,常与学生通过电子邮件和网上聊天交流,。,本题不需要进行信息整合,每一点一句话,2.activelikesplay jokes,3.be lively and interesting,play games,not speak much,leaves more time,4.get on well with,be popular with,municate with.by e-mail or Internet,步骤二：句子所需的词汇，短语和句型,李莎，女，英语老师,22,岁，,1.65,米，身材苗条,装扮入时。,性格活泼，爱唱爱跳，爱开玩笑。,教学方法生动活泼，常做游戏，精讲多练。,与学生关系融洽，深受同学欢迎；,5.,常与学生通过电子邮件和网上聊天交流。,be slim and fashionable,：,A Unique Teacher,Li Sha,，,our English teacher,is a fashionable and slim young lady,who is 22 years old,and1.65 meters tall.,The active teacher likes dancing,singing,，,and she plays jokes with us.,Her lessons are interesting and lively;she leaves us much time to practise and we often play games in class,.,Miss Li gets on well with us and she is very popular,.,After class,she also communicate with us by e-mail or Internet.,。,范文,1:,步骤三：连词成句，连句成篇,A Unique Teacher,Li Sha,，,our English teacher,is a fashionable and slim young lady,who is 22 years old,and 1.65 meters tall.,The active teacher likes dancing,singing and joking.,Besides,her lessons are interesting,lively;her teaching methods are also very unique,during which we often play games.,She never talks much in class,instead,she leaves us much time to practise by ourselves,so all of us are interested in her lessons.,Miss Li gets on well with the students;she always communicates with us by e-mail or Internet.,范文,2:,步骤四,:,检查,1.,时态,2.,主谓一致,3.,名词单复数,4.,单词拼写,5.,动词的过去式,过去分词,6.,句子是否完整,1.,和睦的家庭有利于孩子的个性发展和家人的身心健康。,A harmonious family,is beneficial to,our personal development and our,physical and mental health,.,2.,和睦的家庭是充满着温暖、爱心和欢笑的；成员间相互关爱、尊重和理解。,A harmonious family,is,always,full of,warmth,love and laughter,in which,parents and children not only,show concern for,each other but also respect and understand each other.,3.,生长在和睦家庭的孩子性格乐观向上；同时生活在和睦家庭的父母会更加健康快乐。,If a child grows up in a harmonious family,he,is,more,likely to,be cheerful and optimistic.Meanwhile,parents in a harmonious family are sure to live happily and more healthily.,4.,为了创建和睦家庭：一方面父母应该在言行举止上给孩子们做表率；同时还需要经常与孩子沟通交流。另一方面作为这个家庭中的孩子，我们应该学会体谅父母的艰辛，比如主动做家务等来减轻他们的负担。,To create such a harmonious family parents should be rule models for their children,in,words and behavior,and often communicate with them.As children of the family,we should show understanding for our parents hardship,and try to,share their burdens,by,doing housework voluntarily,and so on.,5.,如果我们能够做到这些，那么我们的家庭会变得更加和谐。,If we do so,our home will always be,harmonious.,How we can build up a harmonious family,A harmonious family is essential to our personal development and our physical and mental health.,A harmonious family is always full of warmth,love and laughter in which parents and children not only show concern for each other but also respect and understand each other.If a child grows up in a harmonious family,he is more likely to be cheerful and optimistic.Meanwhile,parents in a harmonious family are sure to live happily and more healthily.To create such a harmonious family parents should be rule models for their children in words and behavior and often communicate with them.As children of the family,we should show understanding for our parents hardship,and try to share their burdens by doing housework voluntarily and so on.,If we do so,our home will always be harmonious.,读写任务参考范文,When the author,an oversea student,was badly ill,a,shopkeeper made him a sandwich and offered hot soup.,Feeling warm with her kindness,the author decided to,be as kind as her.,The passage reminds me of Miss Chen,my teacher,of Chemistry,whose act of kondness influences me a,lot.Though I was poor in chemistry,she just,encouraged me not to give up.She even did everything,to ease my anxiety.,It sounds like nothing big,but her act did make me,feel warm.With such a teacher,there is no doubt that I,will act as her in future.As long as I do so,others can,also feel the kindness of Miss Chen.,When I enter a college,I will keep kindness in mind.,If possible,I will try to become a youth volunteer,who offers help to others.No matter how hard it is,I,will do my best to help those people in need.,