英语四级长对话听力技巧.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,3/8/2020,#,1,四级听力长对话技巧和练习,2,四级听力题目构成与比例,小对话：,8%,选择题共,8,道对话，每题长约,1,分钟,长对话：,7%,选择题共,2,段对话，每段长约,3,分钟,听力短文：,10%,选择题 共,3,篇文章，每篇长约,3,分钟,复合式听写：,10%,听写填空 填,8,个单词和三句话，放音三遍，共计,8,分钟,听力考试设置了,8,个短对话、,2,组长对话（每组,6-10,个话轮，两组共,7,个问题）、三篇听力短文（,200-240,词左右，总共,10,个问题）以及复合式听写（,8,个单词、,3,个句子，,240280,词）。,3,听力长对话题型分析,从,2006,年,6,月第一套四级新题型出炉以来，听力比重由以前的,20%,上升至,35%,，其中，长对话是新增的题型，所占比重为,7%,。,长对话题目序号：,19-25,。,长对话共两组，一般,16-17,个句子，,8-9,个回合的问答，字数在,22-250,个单词左右，每篇对话后有,3-4,个问题。,4,听力长对话题型分析,听力长对话是四级考试中的一大难点，它篇幅长，信息量大，因此技巧的运用就显得很有必要。在做这一题时，考生应该牢记：,不要奢望将所有内容一字不差地完全听懂或记住，因为即使在日常生活中用母语对话，记住听到的每个词也几乎是不可能的，同时也是不必要的。,在日常生活中，我们只要掌握自己关心的内容就可以了。而在四级的听力考试中，我们则要抓住关键的命题点。,5,听力长对话题型分析,长对话一般是男士说一句，女士说一句，构成一个话轮。两组长对话的听力理解问题一般随话轮的交替而寻问事件构成的诸要素（如时间、地点、涉及人物、起因、结果、事件发展的阶段、结果等），事件的因果关系，事件的逻辑对比和对照等关系，涉及年代、时间、地点等重要的细节信息，以及对话一方的下一步行为和打算等。,6,听力长对话题型分析,长对话是一般设计为,6-20,句之间，,3,到,10,个话轮，字数在,120-250,之间。每篇长对话的问题为,2-5,个。长对话涉及的内容更加深入，人物态度，语气，情感变化更复杂，一般不能简单依赖某个关键词来判断整篇对话的含义，有时更依赖于推断和判断。长对话必然有一个中心议题，对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开话题，理解长对话的关键就是把握住对话的中心、发展及话题的转换。,7,听力长对话题型分析,长对话的场景指人物，身份或职业，议论的问题，时间，地点等等的综合概念。清晰的场景会在考生头脑中形成氛围，容易把握对话的发展脉络，使对话情节的发展更加顺理成章。很多场景都与考生的日常学习、生活相关，如：,学习相关场景（教务场景，选课场景，补课场景和论文场景等），涉及学期计划、调课信息、考试安排、课程介绍、选课资格、难易程度、课程负荷、补课原因及内容、论文题目、查找资料等，考查的重点是各项事务的细节问题、时间、地点、计划推迟或变更的原因等；生活相关场景包括体育场景，娱乐场景，租房场景等，涉及郊游、运动、健身、音乐会、玩的计划、房东、住户、评价、价格、地理位置；工作相关场景包括面试、涉及对工作的态度和评价、工作条件、手续、工资待遇、工作环境、工作时间、教育背景、特长等,。,8,听力长对话应试技巧及训练方法,在长对话部分，考生应当,保持良好的考试心态,，在听力过程中善于利用做题间隙调整大脑的紧张状态，做到一张一弛；头脑要冷静、精神集中；避免过分注重某个单词从而影响对全篇中心思想的理解，听不懂的部分不要过多纠缠；充分利用播放考场指令、题目说明和例句时时间，浏览问题的选项，推测听力的主要内容，尽可能的找出一些背景信息、关键词。,听力理解技巧包括瞬时记忆的能力、筛选要点的能力、推理演绎的能力、以及运用背景知识的能力。,9,听力长对话应试技巧及训练方法,此外，还涉及,词汇、语法、语音、语调,等语言的基本知识。尽量避免将每个单词和句子翻译成汉语，而应当逐渐培养用英语思维，不但可以节约时间还可以提高理解力。具备一定的背景知识对所听的对话和短文会有一种熟悉感，一个更深刻的理解，甚至能弥补语言上的一些不足。,10,听力长对话应试技巧及训练方法,长对话的篇幅较长，想要听过之后就能将主要的内容都清楚地记在脑子里，几乎是不可能的。考生只有听一遍的机会，只能边听、边记、边答。,边听边记,并不是要把听到的每一个单词都记下来，笔记无非是帮助记忆的手段，只要能把重要的信息,用可识别的符号记录,下来，就算达到了目的。,11,听力长对话应试技巧及训练方法,听力分,听前、听中和听后,三个阶段，具有各自的实施过程、预测、记忆以及综合判断能力。,12,听力长对话应试技巧及训练方法,听前预测,是指从所给的文字材料和答案选项等线索中发现一些背景信息，力求缩小谈话者的话题，帮助考生搞清所听内容的类型和结构甚至主题，从而使考生在考试中避免过分注重每个单词从而影响对全篇中心思想的理解。有两点值得特别关注：,注意重复的词语，注意各个选项中的不同点，注意一些不同的名字，地点及不同的动词。,考生应抢时间阅读试卷上的选项，争取主动，以便在听音时有针对性。,13,听力长对话应试技巧及训练方法,听的过程中,要强化记忆，对所听的内容进行联想，并对所听到的内容进行适当的加工，对整体和细节不可偏废。重视整体的题目是询问对话或短文的中心思想，因此,千万要有整体概念,，不要只记细节而忽视整体。,14,听力长对话应试技巧及训练方法,听完后,必须对所听到的内容进行分析、综合、推理、判断，挑选和问题有关的信息，放弃无用的。,排除明显错误的选项。,及时排除明显错误的选项，将有助于你,提高正确率,。把握做题的节奏，做到,答题的节奏与提问的节奏相一致,，一旦答题的节奏落后了，就会手忙脚乱，出错的几率大大增加。,15,听力长对话应试技巧及训练方法,一人一句的短对话涉及的只是一个,“点”,，,而长对话涉及的是一个,“面”,。,短对话的答案一般是,“显而易见”,的，而长对话有时更依赖于,推断和判断,。尽管如此，长对话必然有一个,中心议题，,中心议题正是该“面”的凝聚点，对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开话题，对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是,把握住对话的中心思想,。,16,四级听力长对话应试策略,一,.,听前预测,二,.,听时抓“点”,三,.,演练,四,.,解析,17,一、听前预测,两个原则：,1.,先纵后横,所谓“先纵”，就是首先通读每篇后的,3-4,个小题，,找出关键词,，前后联系，预测全篇大致主题。所谓“后横”，就是在仍有时间的情况下，,通看各题选项，看看是否存在生词，总结长句的核心意思,，以此预测考点和可能的答案。,两步预测都要注意随时,做出标注,划出关键词或简写长句的大意,因为,单凭记忆在“高压”的听力考试中是万万靠不住的。,18,以,2006,年,6,月,Conversation One,为例,:,19.A)To make a business report to the woman.B)To be interviewed for a job in the womans company.C)To resign from his position in the womans company.D)To exchange stock market information with the woman.,20.A)He is head of a small treading company.B)He works in an international insurance company.C)He leads s team of brokers in a big company.D)He is a public relations officer in a small company.,21.A)The woman thinks Mr.Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.,B)Mr.Saunders will share one third of the womans responsibilities.,C)Mr.Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.,D)The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr.Saunders past experience.,19,首先通过,business,resign,和,company,可得出本对话的大致主题是有关职业,再联系出现的,interview,想到或许与求职有关,并顺理成章地想到可能会谈到职位的要求、新职位的性质以及薪酬等等。这就是上面所说的“先纵”。此后我们可对选项中较长的词语做标注,如下划线所示。通过听录音我们发现本题答案的对应信息在原文中是“,you are the person we are looking for.”,正是“,be satisfied”,的同义置换。这就是上面所说的“后横”。,可见,事先标注关键信息,可让我们在听时将注意力集中到更小的“点”，起到事半功倍的效果。,20,2,分清主次,与生活中的情形相似，双方对话的时候常有,主次之分,，当,一方询问,，另一方作答时，关键信息多出现在,作答一方,，考点自然也就多出于此。分清对话双方的主次对于我们预测考点出现的位置很重要，方法也简单易行。,长对话中，对话双方往往出现多个一问一答，而这一恰恰是长对话的一个出题重点，,对话后面问题往往就是对话原文中问题的照搬或是同义转述,，因此其答案就是对话中紧接问题之后的答语。,21,技巧二：听时抓“点”,1.,考点均匀分布，易出现在话轮转换处,首先，长对话后设的,3-4,个小题一般,均匀地分布在对话的每个回合,，极少出现某一个回合包含两个考点的情况。,其次，考点的,位置多是话轮转换,的时候。具体的说，就是,对话一方某段发言的开头和结尾部分,，这也完全符合西方人的思维习惯，即在发言伊始多是开门见山，而在发言结尾处又总括强调。,以,2006,年,12,月,Conversation Two,为例：,22,M:Hi,Miss Rowling,how old were you when you started to write?And what was your first book?,W:I wrote my first story when I was about six.It was about a small animal,a rabbit,I mean,and Ive been writing ever since.,(,22,题考点,What do we learn from the conversation about Miss Rowlings first book?,),23,M:Why did you choose to be an author?,W:If someone asked me how to achieve happiness,step one would be finding out what you love doing most and step two would be finding someone to pay you to do this.I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing.(,23,题考点,Why does Miss Rowling consider her so very lucky?,),24,M:Do you have any plans to write books for adults?,W:My first two novels were for adults.I suppose I might write another one,but I never really imagine a target audience when Im writing.The ideas come first,so it really depends on the ideas that grasp me next.(,24,题考点,What dictates Miss Rowlings writing?,),25,M:Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter books come from?,W:Ive no idea where the ideas came from.And I hope Ill never find out.(,25,题考点,According to Miss Rowling where did she get the ideas for the Harry Porter books?,),It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain,which makes me think about the invisible train platform.,26,2006.12 conversation two,22.A)It was about a little animal.,B)It took her six years to,write.,C)It was adapted from a,fairy tale.,D)It was about a little girl and her pet.,23.A)She knows how to,write best-selling novels,.,B)She can earn a lot of money by,writing,for adults.,C)She is able to win enough support from,publishers.,D)She can make a living by doing what she likes.,24.A)The characters.B)The readers.,C)Her ideas.D)Her life experiences.,25.A)She doesnt really know where they,originated.,B)She mainly drew on stories of,ancient saints.,C)They,popped out of,her childhood dreams.,D)They grew out of her long hours of thinking.,27,2.,重复率较高的词或短语多成为考点,对话的主要内容理所当然会得到说话人的强调，而一个非常重要且明显的强调方式就是重复，故,重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题,。,28,以,2007,年,6,月长对话为例,19.A)The hotel clerk had put his,reservation,under another name.,B)The hotel clerk insisted that he didnt make any,reservation.,C)The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.,D)The hotel clerk couldnt find his,reservation,for that night.,20.A)A grand wedding was being held in the,hotel.,B)There was a conference going on in the city.,C)The,hotel,was undergoing major repairs.,D)It was a busy season for holiday-makers.,21.A)It was free of charge on weekends.,B)It had a 15%discount on weekdays.,C)It was offered to frequent guests only.,D)It was 10%cheaper than in other,hotels.,22.A)Demand compensation from the,hotel.,B)Ask for an additional discount.,C)Complain to the,hotel manager.,D)Find a cheaper room in another,hotel.,29,技巧三：,留意数字、人名、地名、时间、年代等信息,遇到数字、人名、地名、时间、年代时要对相关信息做,简要记录,，尤其是选项中出现类似的概念时，在听音时更应重点留意。,30,应试技巧综述,概括地说，要听好长对话，必须做到以下五点：（,1,）通过预读选项信息,迅速把握它们的内在联系,预测所听对话材料的基本内容,并且从各个问题间的内在联系,提炼出对话的中心思想,，更好地理解个检测点的细节。,下面两点值得特别关注：,a.,注意重复的词语,，这些词通常会给你一些线索，还会帮助你回忆起你在题目中听过的名称,b.,注意各个选项中的不同点,，注意一些不同的名字，地点及不同的动词，这些不同之处将会帮你确定这道题中哪些是你要听的关键。,31,（,2,）,排除明显错误的选项,。及时排除明显错误的选项，将有助于你提高正确率。,（,3,）,把握做题的节奏,。,做题的节奏在听力中比在其他部分要重要得多，每一项提问的时间间隔都是相同的，这就暗示着答题的节奏感。做到答题的节奏与提问的节奏相一致，一旦答题的节奏落后了，就会手忙脚乱，出错的几率大大增加。,（,4,）,提高短期记忆能力,，学会脑笔同记，边听边记和一系列适用自己的记忆方法。,（,5,）,熟悉各种固定的提问形式,，根据对话的发展预测可能提出的问题。,32,长对话中的场景,由于对话较多，长对话的场景就显得格外重要，准确判断对话的场（,situation,），对把握对话的中心思想是非常有帮助的。下面是对长对话经常涉及到的几种情况做了归类，主要分成三大类：,学习相关类，生活相关类和工作相关类,。,注意：这与短对话中的场景有所不同，长对话更注重较大、较细致的场景。,33,学习相关类,学习相关类往往是长对话的重点。内容粗略可分为,教务场景，选课场景，补课场景和论文场景,等。,34,（,1,）,教务场景,场景人物：由教师（导师）或学监等教务人员向学生说明一些学校课程的安排情况。经常出现的问题和答案,Q:Who is the speaker?A:teacher,professor,instructor,advisorQ:When does the talk take place?A:at the beginning(in the middle,at the end of the semester),35,Q:Where does the talk take place?A:classroom,lecture hallQ:What is the topic?A:changes in the schedule,the schedule of this semester,exam schedule,information about on course,36,midterm,finals,count for 50%of your score,class discussion,seminar,workshop(,讲习班,),take attendance(,点名,),elementary,intermediate,advanced,等。,常用的词汇和词组：,37,如,06.6:long conversation two,22.A)Shes worried about the,seminar.,B)The man keeps interrupting her.C)She finds it too hard.D)She lacks interest in it.,23.A)The,lecturers,are boring.B)The,course is poorly designed.,C)She prefers Philosophy to English.D)She enjoys,literature,more.,24.A)Karens friend.B)Karens parents.C)Karens lecturers.D)Karens herself.,25.A)Changing her major.B)Spending less of her parents money.C)Getting transferred to the,English Department.,D)Leaving the university.,38,（,2,）,选课场景,场景人物：师生之间或学生之间谈论选课的话题场景涉及的内容：学生是否有资格选某一门课，对于老师的谈论，课程的难易程度，选某一门课的好处和坏处。,解题思路：学生觉得课程太难，负荷太重。,常用的词汇和词组：,required,compulsory,elective,selective,optional,course,39,description,catalog,bulletin,prerequisite course(,预修课程,),preliminary course(,预备课程,),such a heavy load,excellent reputation,drop a course(,退修课程,),等。,40,（,3,）,补课场景,场景人物：同学之间补课。场景涉及的内容：通常是某学生因为某些原因迟到或旷课了，事后找另一个同学补课，所以必会牵扯到专业内容。经常出现的问题和答案：,Why was the man late for class?,(Why did the man ask the woman about the lecture?,）,He overslept(was sick,had some trouble with his car,had to go to see the doctor,dentist,had an emergency,What confused the man?,41,常用的词汇和词组：,fill sb.in(,暂代某人,),Youve really lost me there(,你真的让我糊涂了,),make sense,miss a pretty important class,clarify the misunderstanding,check the notes,等,42,（,4,）,论文场景,场景人物：教授与学生，或者学生之间进行讨论。场景涉及的内容：讨论论文写作的相关事宜，比如：论文题目，查找资料等等。,常用的词汇和词组：,explore the topic,published resources,bibliography/reference,intellectual dishonesty,plagiarism(,剽窃,),get an early start,gather materials,等。,43,生活相关类,包括,体育场景，娱乐场景，租房场景,等。,（,1,）,体育场景,场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员一起出去郊游。场景涉及的内容：往往是一些热门的运动，如,cycling,rock climbing,skiing.,解题思路：目的不在于比赛，而是好玩，健身，交友。,一些运动，如,cycling,，往往是以,team,club,或,association,的形式存在的。,44,常见的词汇和词组：,ski,outdoors,get in great shape,ensure the safety,first aid(,急救,),check the trails,physical education,belts,patience,mental discipline,expert riders,starting line,等。,45,（,2,）,娱乐场景,场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员。场景涉及的内容：包括郊游，参加运动，听音乐会，谈论玩的计划等。,解题思路：一般说到娱乐，常见的项目,有,go on a picnic,hiking trip,camping trip,go to a concert,see a movie,play the ball,ski,traveling,等。,46,常见的词汇和词组：,enjoy,good day,take a break,relax,reserve a court(,预定一个球场,),a night-out,take your mind off your test,fair weather,等。,47,（,3,）,租房场景,场景人物：房东，住户场景涉及的内容：和房东的相处甚至讨价还价。对房子的评价，包括价格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的过程。,解题思路：学生一般倾向于找价格低的房子，所以房子的条件一般比较差，经常会出一些毛病；由于房子紧张，找房子，租房子的过程往往很不容易。,48,常见的词汇和词组：,roommate,dormitory,live on/off campus,utilities,heating costs,temporary accommodation,landlord,apartment,sublet,（做二房东）,dishwasher,messy,a leaky faucet(,漏水的水龙头,),tenant,afford,等。,49,工作相关类,应聘（面试）场景,常景人物：聘方人员和应聘者。场景涉及的内容：对于某种工作的态度和评价，应聘该工作的条件，如何办理相关手续，工资待遇和工作环境，工作时间等。,解题思路：应聘者介绍自己的情况，如：教育背景，特长等，聘方人员一般要介绍工作的性质，工资待遇以及上下班时间。,50,常见的词汇和词组：,teaching assistant,research assistant,lab assistant,administrative assistant,waiter,waitress,nanny/babysitter,dishwashing,application procedure,reference,salary,wage,demand physical endurance,pre-career training(,岗前培训,),permanent employment,stipend,（生活费）,bonus,part-time job,等。,51,公司场景,公司有个,空缺,，我去递了,求职信和我的简历,。简历包括几个部分：,基本信息,/,个人资料、教育背景、工作经验、奖励和证书等,。,终于要,面试,了，问我有没有,工作经验,，是否可以,加班,？我说加班可以，要加钱。工资居然,是,周薪,，而不是,月薪,。还有,奖金和津贴,，这样算起来,年收入,也不少，而且以后有,升职,的机会。老板也说了，不好好工作，就,解雇,你，再,雇,个新人，让你,辞职,，让你,下岗,。,52,job vacancy,有空缺职位,letter of application,求职信,resume,简历,resume,包括几部分,basic/personal info.,基本信息,/,个人资,academic background,教育背景,work experience,工作经验,certificates and honors,53,interview,面试,offer,聘用信,work experience,工作经验,work overtime,加班,ask for a raise,加钱,wage,周薪,salary,日薪,bonus,奖金,allowance,津贴,annual income,年收入,promotion,升职,fire,解雇,resign,辞职,retire,退休,laid-off,下岗,work/job/career,工作,54,2006.6 Long conversation one,19.A)To make a business report to the woman.B)To be interviewed for a job in the womans company.C)To resign from his position in the womans company.D)To exchange stock market information with the woman.,20.A)He is head of a small treading company.B)He works in an international insurance company.C)He leads s team of brokers in a big company.D)He is a public relations officer in a small company.,21.A)The woman thinks Mr.Saunders is asking for more than they can offer,B)Mr.Saunders will share one third of the womans responsibilities,C)Mr.Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations,D)The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr.Saunders past experience.,55,W:Please have a seat,Mr.Saunders.,I received your job resume last week,and it was very,impressed.,（单词学习）,-,考题点,M:Thank you!,W:We are a small financial company trading mostly,stocks and bonds,may I ask why you are so interested in working for us?,M:Your company has an,impressive,reputation and Ive always wanted to work for a smaller company.,W:Thats good to hear.Would you mind telling me a little bit about your present job?,M:,Im currently working in a large international company,in charge of,a team of 8 brokers.,We buy and sell stocks for major clients worldwide.,56,W:Why do you think you are the right,candidate,for this position?,M:As a head broker,I have a lot of experiences in the stock market,I deal with the clients on the daily bases,and I enjoy working with people.,W:Well,you might just be the person weve been looking for.,Do you have any questions?,M:Aha,if I were hired,how many accounts would I be handling?,W:you will be working with two other head brokers,in another words,you will be handling about a third of our clients.,M:And who would I report to?,W:Directly to me.,M:I see.What kind of benefits package do you offer?,57,W:Two weeks of paid vacation in your first year employment,you are also been entitled to medical and dental insurance,but this is something you should discuss with our,Personnel Department.,Do you have any other questions?,M:No not at the moment.,W:Well,I have to discuss you application with my colleagues and well get back to you early next week.,M:OK,thanks,its been nice meeting you!,W:Nice meeting you too!And thanks for coming in today.,19.Whats the purpose of Mr.Saunders visit?,20.What is Mr.Saunders current job?,21.What can we conclude from the conversation?,58,词汇学习,1.,Impressed-Impression-impressive,他的简历让人印象深刻。,2.,stocks and bonds,证券,3.,reputation,名声，声誉。这个老师声誉不错。,4.In charge of,负责：,The woman,in charge of,the accounts department is an absolute dragon!,5.,candidate,59,现学现用,造句：,1.,他的简历让人印象深刻，看来他就是这个职位最好的候选人。,2.,他负责管理一家证券机构（,Institution,）。,3.,他的名声不好，人事部准备辞退他。,60,三、真实场景再现,-,样题研究,下面以,2007,年,6,月长对话为例，让考生明确一些做题技巧和复习备考方法。,听录音，回答以下问题：,Questions 19 lo 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.,19.A)The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.B)The hotel clerk insisted that he didnt make any reservation.C)The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.D)The hotel clerk coul