资源描述
语法一:
人称代词
人称 代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
人称代词
主格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
句型转化(Be动词做谓语)
肯定句:主语+be动词
否定句:主语+be动词+not
一般疑问句:be动词+主语?
物主代词
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
特殊疑问句:
What colour is…? It’s red.
What nationality are you? I’m Chinese.
Where are you from? I’m from China.
Where do you come from? I come from China.
Whose bag is it? It’s my bag.
What’s your job? I’m a mechanic.
What’s the weather like? It’s sunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy.
What’s the climate like? It’s pleasant/warm/wet/dry.
语法二:
一、不可数名词
定义:“抽刀断水水更流”(难以分开的一个整体,不可分割的事物)。
特点:
1、前面无a/an,后无s;
2、表达复数用量词修饰,量词可数;
Eg. Milk-a bottle of milk-two bottles ofmilk
Soap-abar of soap-three bars of soap
二、some和any用法
相同点:表示一些,后面都可加可数名词复数或不可数名词
不同点:some常用在肯定句,但是在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any;
any用在否定句和疑问句。
三、指代用法
One指代可数名词单数
Ones指代可数名词复数
Any可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词
四、句型
1、Do you like…?
Yes, I do.
Yes, I do. But I don’t want…
No, I don’t.
2、Do you want…?
Yes, please.
No,thank you / thanks. I don’t like… .
五.名词复数特殊变化规则:
可数名词的不规则复数变化
woman-women, man-men, tooth-teeth,deer-deer, child-children, fish-fish, foot-feet,goose-geese, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen
国人变化:中日两瑞永不变, 英法荷兰A变E,其他国人S加后边.
Japanese --Japanes;Englishman---Englishmen ; Chinese—Chinese;German—Germans ; American—Americans
语法三
一、介词
in 在….里
on 在….上
under 在….下面
beside 在….旁边
between 在两者中间
among 三者或以上中间
over 在….上(无接触面的垂直上方;从一端到另一端)
above 在….上(无接触面的上方,不一定垂直)
across 横穿、穿过(强调从表面越过)
through 穿过(强调从中间穿过)
along 沿着
二、There be句型与have got句型
1.There be句型:
定义:某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物)。
句型结构:肯定句:There is+ 单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点
There are+复数可数名词+地点
否定句(be动词后加not):
There is not+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点
There are not+复数可数名词+地点
疑问句(be动词提前):
Is there +单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点?
Are there +复数可数名词+地点?
特点:“就近原则"
2.have got句型:
定义:它表示某物归某人(某物)所有,是一种所属关系。
句型结构:否定句:在have或has后加not,缩写为haven’t或hasn’t.
疑问句:把have或has提前
特点:主语为第三人称单数时,have要变成has。
语法三:《小升初小练兵》
1.There is a bridge _______ the river.
A. over B. on C. above D. below
2.They spent about ten days to go _______the big desert(沙漠).
A.across B. through C. over D. along
3.用there be或have got填空:
1) I ________ a good father and a good mother.
2) ________ any books in the bookcase?
3) ________ a picture and a clock on the wall.
4) She ________ some dresses.
5) What does Mike ________?
语法四 一般现在时
一般现在时用法
(1)表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作。
often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,everyday每天,sometimes 有时
(2)表示事物的状态或特征
There is a scar on his forehead.
(3)表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.
注:只有在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。
动词变为第三人称单数形式的变化规则:
1.多数在动词后+s
(1)直接在动词词尾加-s.
play — plays like — likes stay---stays
ask---asks work---works get---gets
(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.
watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does
go---goes pass---passes
(3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.
try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies
2.不规则变化:
be---- is have----has
一般现在时的句子转换:
陈述句(肯定句):主语加动词原形/动词第三人称单数;
( 主语 + do/does...)
一般疑问句:在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she, he, it)变成问句;
(Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形...)
否定句:在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I, you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she, he, it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。
(主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形...)
例:
肯定句: I like grapes.
否定句: I don’t like grapes.
一般疑问句: Do you like grapes?
肯定句:She gets up early every morning.
否定句→She doesn’t get up early every morning.
一般疑问句→Does she get up early every morning?
语法五 现在进行时态
一、现在进行时态的含义
表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
二、现在进行时各种句式的结构
肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + V.ing
E.g. We are having a class.
He is painting.
She is playing.
否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + V.ing
E.g. We are not having a class.
He is not painting.
She is not playing.
疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V.ing
E.g. Are you having a class?
Is he painting?
Is she playing?
三、动词变化规则
(1)“直” : 一般情况下,直接加ing,
如:do-doing, cook-cooking, stand-standing
(2) “去” :以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,
如:come-coming,dance-dancing
(3) “双” : 重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ing,
如:run-running, stop-stopping
swim-swimming, forget-forgetting
双写规则:1、重读在词尾;
2、闭音节(短音节);
3、单辅音字母
(在一般情况下,如果某一单词是以一个辅音字母结尾,而这个辅音的前面是读长元音或双元音,就不能双写这个辅音字母。如read-reading, think-thinking等。)
(4)“ 改” : 改ie为y,加ing
如: die-dying lie-lying
语法五 小升初小练笔
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play______ run______ swim________ make_______ go________ like________
write______ ski_______ read________ have_______ sing_______ dance_______
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen !Some girls __________( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother ____________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look !They _____________( have) an English lesson .
三、句型转换:
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
①_______________________________________________
②_______________________________________________
2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
①_______________________________________________
②_ ___________________________________
③_____________________________
语法六:一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last year, yesterday等;
也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often, always等频率副词连用。
注意:发生在过去时间的动作,并已经结束。
↗ am/is--was
一、be 动词
↘ are—were
1、句式结构:
肯定句:主语 + was/were + …
We were very tired yesterday. 我们昨天很累。
否定句:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + …
I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天不在家。
一般疑问句:--Was/were + 主语 +…?
--Yes,主语 + was/were.
--No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
2、般现在时与一般过去时的比较(例子见下表):
一般现在时every-
一般过去时yesterday
She goes to school everyday,
But yesterday morning she went shopping.
She plays football every afternoon,
But yesterday afternoon she played basketball.
She chats with(和。。。。。聊天) her friends every evening on line,
But yesterday evening she chatted with her friends on email.
二、行为动词
1、句子构成。
肯定句: 主语 + 动词的过去式 +...
I went to the zoo yesterday. 我昨天去公园了。
否定句: 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + ...
I didn't go to school yesterday. 我昨天没去上学。
一般疑问句:-Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
-Yes, 主语 + did.
-No, 主语 + did not(didn't)
-Did you buy a book last Monday?
-Yes, I did.
-No, I didn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ...?
1) -What did you do last night?
-I did my homework.
2) -When did you go to the zoo?
-I went to the zoo yesterday.
2、动词过去式变形 :
1) “直”一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。
如:look-looked; work-worked; play-played
2) “去 ”以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。
如:live-lived; move-moved
3)“双”末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:stop-stopped; drop-dropped
4)“改”末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。
如:study-studied; carry-carried
5)“特“ 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。
am/is–was are—were have/has—had
do/does—did can—could will—would
shall—should swim—swam sing—sang
ring—rang sit—sat come—came
give—gave run—ran drink—drank
become—became begin—began buy—bought
bring—brought catch—caught think—thought
teach—taught send—sent build—built
go—went spend—spent lose—lost
lend—lent mean—menat sweep—swept
feel—felt learn—learnt/learned smell—smelt
sleep—slept put—put cut—cut
hit—hit read—read hurt—hurt
let—let beat—beat cost—cost
write—wrote ride—rode rise—rose
win—won drive—drove speak—spoke
get—got forget—forgot choose—chose
sell—sold wake—woke break—broke
3、标志词
yesterday系列
yesterday morning; yesterday afternoon; yesterday evening
ago 系列
a minute ago; an hour ago; a day ago; a week ago; a month ago; year ago; two days ago; six years ago
this 系列
this month; this week
last 系列
last month; last year
the...before last
the week before last; the month before last
语法六 小升初练习题
一、请用正确动词形式填空。
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.
3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
二、改写句子:
1、Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句)
Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)
___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3、She stayed there for a week.(对划线部分提问)
__________ ___________ __________ she __________ there?
4、There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句)
_________ there ___________ orange in the cup?
语法七 一般将来时
1.will
含义:将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
肯定句:主语 + will + 动词原形
It will rain.
否定句:主语 + will not (won't) + 动词原形
He won't be late for school.
一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + 动词原形?
-Will it snow in GZ?
-Yes, it will.
-No, it will not (won't).
2. be going to
含义:近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事,意为“打算,将要做某事"。
肯定句:主语 + be going to + 动词原形
I am going to travel.
He/She is going to travel.
We/They/You are going to travel.
否定句:主语 + be not going to + 动词原形
I am not going to travel.
He/She is not going to travel.
We/They/You are not going to travel.
一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
Are you going to travel?
Is he/she going to travel?
Are we/they/you going to travel?
3、时间标志词
tomorrow; tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening;
next year/week/month/hour ;
this afternoon/Sunday/evening ;
in the future;
in + 一段时间
时态小口诀:
英语动作有四种:经常做,正在做,将要做和过去做。
经常做用动原或三单,
遇到他她它单个做改三单;
要借do或does变问否,
后面动词用原型。
正在做用be+动词ing ,
两个朋友不分离,
be 用am,is ,are来代替。
将要做有两种:
用will(shall)加动原或be going to 加动原。
过去做,很简单,
对照经常做动词变成过去式,
要借did变问否,
后面动词用原型.
语法八:(请您记住以下新概念英语一册1-144课的所固定搭配短语)
I beg your pardon 请您在重复(说)一遍
Nice to meet you(too) (我也)很高兴见到你
Look at… 看…
How do you do 你好
Be careful 小心
A loaf of bread 一块面包
A bar of soap/chocolate 一块香皂/巧克力
A bottle of 一瓶...
A pound of 一磅...
Half a pound of 半磅...
A quarter of 四分之一...
A tin of 一听...
Hurry up! 快点!
Next door 隔壁
Black coffee 不加牛奶的咖啡
White coffee 加牛奶的咖啡
Come home from school 放学回家
Come home from work 下班回家
In the morning 早上
In the afternoon 下午
In the evening 晚上
At noon 中午
At night 夜里
At the moment 此刻
What’s the time? 几点钟?
Come upstairs 上楼
Come downstairs 下楼
Hundreds of… 数以百计的…
On the way home 在回家的途中
This morning 今天早晨
This afternoon 今天下午
This evening 今天晚上
tonight 今天夜里
Yesterday morning 昨天早晨
Yesterday afternoon 昨天下午
Yesterday evening 昨天晚上
Last night 昨天夜里
The day before yesterday in the morning 前天早晨
The day before yesterday in the afternoon 前天下午
The day before yesterday in the evening 前天晚上
The night before last 前天夜间
A low mark 分数很底
A high mark 分数很高
She said to herself 她心中暗想
The way to… 到…的走法
In fashion 流行的,时髦的
I’m afraid… 我恐怕…
I’m sure… 我确信,我肯定…
A lot of 许多(用于肯定句)
At all 丝毫、更本、一点也不
Going on holiday 度假
Have been to… 到过…
All the time 一直,始终
Have been to… 到过…
Drive into… 撞倒…
For sale 供出售、出售
Have the last word 最后决定、最后才算
The R.A.F. 英国皇家空军
Return ticket 往返票
Next door to… 与…相邻,在…隔壁
In five hours’time 在五小时之后。
Go back 返回
The othe day 几天前
Fell downstairs 从楼上摔下来
The Y.H.A. 青年招待所协会
Cheer up
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